1,721,694 research outputs found
Early Modern Knowledge about the Sámi: A History of Johannes Schefferus’ Lapponia (1673) and its Adaptations
Full text linkEven though Johannes Schefferus’ Lapponia (1673) is a frequently employed source in
historical studies on the Sámi people of Fennoscandia, the book’s history and the rich reception
it aroused early on has never been studied in detail. Written in Uppsala, it was published in
Latin for an international learned readership.
One of the main intentions behind the work was to counter rumours about the presence of
Sámi sorcerers in the Swedish military. In spite of this aspect of the commission, the result was
a surprisingly factual account. Schefferus’ realistic description of the lappmarks, the regions
where the Sámi lived, featured sections on topography, natural resources, plants, and animals.
The book described the characteristics, customs, objects and commerce of the Sámi people in
detail. This way, it should restore Sweden’s reputation and demonstrate that the lappmarks were
subject to the Kingdom. Schefferus had never been to the lappmarks. Yet this did not hinder
the book’s success; already during his works on Lapponia, news about the project spread.
Adaptations in English, German, French and Dutch followed quickly.
This thesis centres on the coming into existence and development of Lapponia as a book and
a piece of literature of knowledge. Based on the original Latin version, I analyse the structures
of knowledge and the communicative network surrounding this early modern description of the
Sámi people. With the help of archival sources and mainly unpublished letters, I reconstruct the
history of Lapponia and its various adaptations.
My comparative analysis shows that the versions originating from Lapponia are widely
different when it comes to content, structure, layout and literary traditions. Furthermore, I
highlight the importance of several spheres of knowledge for the development of Schefferus’
monograph and its adaptations. Since he had not visited the area himself, Schefferus had to rely
on eyewitness accounts from the northern parts of the Kingdom. Among the authors of these
accounts, most of whom were clergymen, there were a few Sámi people. I discuss the role of
the letter-writing community known as the Republic of Letters for Lapponia and vice versa.
The thesis traces the further reception in the late 17th and early 18th centuries and exemplifies
how early modern knowledge about the Sámi was disseminated all over Europe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Invasive lumbricid earthworms in North America—Different life histories but common dispersal?
No full textAim: Lumbricid earthworms are invasive across northern North America, caus‐ ing notable changes in forest ecosystems. During their range expansion, they en‐ countered harsher climatic conditions compared to their native ranges in short time (~400 years). This study investigated if (a) dispersal barriers, (b) climatic selection or (c) anthropogenic activities, that is fishing bait disposal, structure the dispersal of free‐living earthworm populations. Location: North America, forest habitats along former Wisconsinan glaciation line. Taxon: Lumbricus terrestris, L. rubellus. Methods: Lumbricus terrestris and L. rubellus co‐occur in the same habitats but dif‐ fer in ecology and use as fishing bait. Both species were sampled in five transects ranging from the east to the west coast of northern North America, including major dispersal barriers, three different climate zones, and bait shops near sampling loca‐ tions. Genetic diversity and structure were compared between the two species, and the presence of free‐living bait shop genotypes was assessed using four markers (COI, 16S rDNA, 12S rDNA, and H3). Results: Populations of both species were genetically diverse with some geographic structure, which was more pronounced in L. terrestris than in L. rubellus. Common haplotypes were present in all regions, but locally restricted haplotypes also oc‐ curred. Furthermore, two distinct genetic clades of L. terrestris co‐occurred only in the two most distant transects (Alberta and Minnesota). Genotypes identical to bait individuals were omnipresent in field populations of L. terrestris. Main Conclusions: Genetic diversity was high in both species, and invasive popula‐ tions represented a genetic subset of European earthworms. Geographic and climatic dispersal barriers affected the less mobile species, L. terrestris, resulting in differ‐ ences in genetic structure between the two species. Our results indicate common long‐distance dispersal vectors and vectors affecting only L. terrestris. The roles of climate and anthropogenic activities are discussed, providing additional explanations of dispersal and new insights into establishment of invasive earthworm populations.German Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/10001066
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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