570 research outputs found
Letter from Ryo Munekata to Bishop James Chamberlain Baker, November 12, 1942
No full textHandwritten correspondence from Ryo Munekata to Bishop James Chamberlain Baker. Munekata expresses his gratitude to Bishop James Chamberlain Baker for Baker's assistance in relocating him to a different college and asks for Baker's help in getting an honorable dismissal so his college application can be cleared.The Bishop James Chamberlain Baker Collection includes letters, documents, and articles about Japanese Americans during World War II. Subjects in the collection include Japanese Americans mass removal, Pearl Harbor and the aftermath, religion, and support from the non-Japanese American community. The collection was digitized and made accessible online by CSUDH Gerth Archives and Special Collections
<Note>A Reexamination of the Phrase "Ima no gyouji" in Ryo no shuge
No full textThe aims of this study are first to confirm the meaning of the tem "ima no gyouji" in Ryo no shuge and clarify the changes in the consciousness of legal scholars as seen in interpretations of the ritsuryo codes from the mid-Nara to the early-Heian period. Ryo no shuge is a privately compiled collection of commentarial writing on the administrative code, ryo, and contains not only the commentary from official Ryo no gige but also juxtaposes it with various commentaries of scholars of the law. The term "ima no gyouji" that is found in the commentaries of the scholars was used as a historical source that indicated the current circumstances and standard practice within the bureaucratic offices of the time. In my view, the use of the term "ima no gyouji" was a method for establishing an argument by legal scholars to interpret the administrative code, and use of the term functioned to supplement and strengthen their own theories. The commentaries within the Ryo no shuge that chiefly used the method of referring to "ima no gyouji" were the Koki, which is from the Nara period, and the Anaki, from the early-Heian period. The aim of the Koki in enlisting the term "ima no gyouji" was to contrast the current situation with meaning of the law (or codes) as understood by the author. In contrast to this method of arguing critically to clarify the meaning of the law, the aim of the Anaki in using this method was to broaden the author's own exegesis and fortify the gist of his argument. Thus there was a gap between the period of the Koki, immediately after the institution of the ritsuryo codes, and the period of the Anaki whose explications of the codes were not limited to the ryo alone but which were organically linked to the supplementary regulations, kyaku, and procedures, shiki when treating the ryo
<Article>The "List of Ise-daizingū-ryo" 伊勢太神宮領注文 of 1192 and "Sinpōsyo" 神鳳鈔 a basic point of view for the study of Zingu-ryo 神宮領
No full text個人情報保護のため削除部分あり建久三年に太政官へ注進された伊勢神宮領注文と、『神鳳鈔』の両資料は、神宮領を研究する上で、最重要な資料である事は論を俟たないが、しかし、従来この両資料の性格について十分検討される事なく使用されて来た嫌いがある。本論では、この反省に立って検討を加えた結果、神宮領注文は、伊勢国内の神郡所在の所領と、国外・非神郡の直轄的所領が欠落している事が明らかとなった。また、『神鳳鈔』は、神宮領注文とは別個の性格を持つ祭祀体系の確立を企図した承久年間の注進、遷宮時の日食米賦課を目的とした注進等から成り立っており、特に前者の承久の注進は、従来ほぼ神宮領の全貌を示すと考えられて来たが、事は内宮領のみである事、また本書全体の性格から、直轄領は欠如している事等々が明らかとなった。これらの結論の上に立って、今後の神宮領研究が行われる必要がある事を提起した。It is well known that the "List of lsezingu-ryo" which was handed over to the Dazyokan in 1192, and "Sinposyo" are documents of major importance for the study of Zingu-ryo, but the author feels that they have been used without sufficient examination about their character. This study is such an examination, which has made clear that the list of Zingu-ryo, lacks references to the fiefs of Singun 神郡 in the Ise country 伊勢国, to those outside the Ise country and to those of no-Singun. Moreover, the "Sinposyo" consists of documents of the Zyokyu 承久 Period (which were written to establish a system of cult and differs in character from the "List of Zingu-ryo"), and of the other documents written for the imposition of Nissyokumai 日食米 at the time of Sengu 遷宮. But the author has discovered that the documents of the Zyokyu Period, which supposedly show the complete dominion of Zingu, contain mere mention of Naigu-ryo 内宮領, and nothing on Tyokkatu-ryo. 直轄領 It is suggested that taking into consideration these new facts is necessary for the study of Zingu-ryo
rokuwaki/2017ChiapasMexicoROYY: v1.2
No full text<p><a href="https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/105897339"></a></p>
<p>Submitted for publication in <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> on October 6, 2017 at 08:34:50 (UTC-4).</p>
<p>This archive follows the rule of <a href="https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/licensing-open-access/open-access/self-archiving.html">Wiley's Self-Archiving Policy</a>.</p>
Rupture Process during the Mw 8.1 2017 Chiapas Mexico Earthquake: Shallow Intraplate Normal Faulting by Slab Bending</h1>
<p><a href="https://rokuwaki.github.io">Ryo Okuwaki</a> & <a href="http://www.geol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~yagi-y/eng/index.html">Yuji Yagi</a></p>
<ul>
<li>Corresponding author: Ryo Okuwaki (<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>)</li>
</ul>
Abstract
<p>A seismic source model for the MW 8.1 2017 Chiapas, Mexico, earthquake was constructed by kinematic waveform inversion using globally observed teleseismic waveforms, suggesting that the earthquake was a normal faulting event on a steeply dipping plane, with the major slip concentrated around a relatively shallow depth of 28 km. The modeled rupture evolution showed unilateral, down-going propagation northwestward from the hypocenter, and the down-dip width of the main rupture was restricted to less than 30 km below the slab interface, suggesting that the down-dip extensional stresses due to the slab bending were the primary cause of the earthquake. The rupture front abruptly decelerated at the northwestern end of the main rupture where it intersected the subducting Tehuantepec Fracture Zone, suggesting that the fracture zone may have inhibited further rupture propagation.</p>
(The) Comparative Study between the Dancing of Han(漢) and Ko-gu-ryo(高句麗)
No full textAccording to the recent tendency of the dancing historiography that would reevaluate the history of Korean Dancing within the international context of East Asian countries, this study makes it its purpose to more profoundly understand the tradition and the characteristics of dancing in China rmd Korea by means of a comparative study of the art of dancing in the ancient dynasties of both countries, Han(漢) and Ko-gu-ryo(高句麗).
In comparing the are of dancing in both dynasties the author put more emphasis upon the historical as well as cultural background of then rather than the particular poses or individual skills of dancing. That is to say, the study has been done on a macroscopic level rather than a microscopic one.
Han and Ko-gu-ryo have some similarities with each other. First of all both of them had built the first most powerful nation that had ever existed in their countries, and secured a vast territory widely spreaded over their original land, establishing foreign colonial area by annexing neighbouring countries or tribes beyond their boundaries. And in the ancient East Asia there had been &quot;the tributary system&quot; between the weaklings which was especially true to the relationship between China and her neighbouring countries, according to which the adjoining countries near China should have the obligation to pay the tribute(朝貢) regularly to the Chinese empire which had been believed to be the center of the world (&apos;中&apos;) by the Chinese people. Therefore it seems to be out of doubt that the Han dynasty had no less influence upon the countries near it. Ko-gu-ryo is one of them which was influenced by Han. In the area of the arts as well as in the political, legal and other institutional ones the Han&apos;s culture came into Ko-gu-ryo.
The dancing of Han is characterized as an art form accompanying with other artistic skill in the feast. Most of the Chinese dancing in this period can be found in the drawings depicting a feast or party of either in the emperor&apos;s garden or in the individual squares. It&apos;s because the Han dynasty encouraged such kind of feast-like activities as those held in publicly or privately. It is a sort of cultural pattern which on the one hand signified the prosperity of her not only to their subject but to the neighboring countries, and on the other hand assured her people that the dynasty had such prosperity and wealth as to enjoy the amusement.
During the feasts all kinds of are such as dancing, acrobatics, magic, arts, tumbling, and the like were performed in the outdoor squares. This was called as &apos;Ge Wu Bai Xi(歌 舞百 )&apos;. This form of performance took on the international character by having contact with the Western regions to which the emperor Wu-ti(武帝) sent out a general, Chang-Ch&apos;ien(張衡) and he returned Chima with a report which must have stirred the public imagination as did the travels of Marco Polo. In assorbing their culture especially the Western acrobatics coming to China by way of the new trade road called &apos;silk road&apos; Ge Wu Bai Xi made a merged product of the traditional Chinese dancing and the Western one.
Meanwhile unlike the Ge Wu Bai Xi in China Ko-gu-ryo developed a seemmingly very ritualistic and religious dancing as can be found in the wall paintings of the old tombs, which on the cone hand showed the prosperity and strength of the Ko-gu-ryo dynasty and on the other strong Buddhistic influences thought to be integrated into the folklore beliefs can be found there at large. And dancing was found accompanying the funeral processions or relating with some Buddhistic rituals in the wall paintings. Accordingly in the case of Ko-gu-ryo, dancing and acrobatics were separately performed, whereas in Han both of them were played at the same place. Ko-gu-ryo&apos;s dancing for the most part is found to be related with some rites or religions as we see them in the wall paintings, and the acrobatics of her can be found in the course of &apos;a Procession&apos;.
And it can be known that both Han and Ko-gu-ryo used a long sleeve in dancing, which seems to reveal the fact that the dancing of Han had some influence on the forms of Ko-gu-ryo&apos;s dancing to some degree. However judging from the result of the research, Ko-gu-ryo seems to have reliquished that kind of entertainment and amusement discovered in Han&apos;s dancing and instead developed either a ritualistic or a lively dancing to dance with a ribon(建舞). It shows that even though Ko-gu-ryo was geographically located near Han, she made her own original dancing greatly different from that of Han. Moreover there remain some evidences that Ko-gu-ryo had some direct contacts with the Western regions.
The thesis is composed of six chapters. In the first chapter, the introduction, I made it clear why I set out a comparative study of the dancing of Han and Ko-gu-ryo. And in chapter 2 the historical relations between them were discussed, especially focusing on the tributary system in the ancient East Asia. In chapter 3 I dealt with the historical background of the formation of Han&apos;s dancing and discussed the feature of Han&apos;s dancing. In the case of the dancing of Ko-gu-ryo the chapter is divided with the tomb with acrobatics and the tomb with dancing due to the paucity of rich remains except the wall paintings of tomb in Ko-gu-ryo. In chpter 5 I made a genera comparison of the Han and Ko-gu-ryo. And as a conclusive remark in the last chapter I discussed the meaning of the comparative study between the dancing of Han and Ko-gu-ryo, mentioning some of the problems to be overcome in the way of research and proposed some of the topics that we should study more deeply in the next step.;본 연구는 한국무용의 역사를 주변 국가들과의 영향 관계 안에서 재조명하려는 최근의 무용학계의 경향에 파라, 고분 벽화를 통해 우리에게 당시의 뛰어난 무용형태를 보여주고 있는 고구려 시대의 무용을 이웃하고 있는 중국 한나라의 무용과 비교함으로써 각 나라의 독특한 무용 형태의 특징을 파악하고자 하는데 목적을 두고 있다.
한과 고구려는 각 나라의 역사속에서 최초로 가장 강력한 국가를 형성하였으며 엄청난 정복력으로 주위의 소국을 병합, 가장 넓은 영토를 확보하고 있었다는 점에서 유사한 성격을 지니고 있다. 두 나라의 관계는 당시 역사적으로 면저 강력한 제국을 형성하고 있었던 한이 조공(朝貢)이라는 정치적인 관계 속에서 고구려와 문화적인 교류를 하였음이 문헌으로 전해지고 있는데, 고구려는 당시에 문화적으로 보다 국제적인 교류를 하였음이 문헌으로 전해지고 있는데, 고구려는 당시에 문화적으로 보다 국제적인 성격을 띠고 있던 한의 문화를 상호 교류의 차원에서 적극적으로 받아들였음을 살펴볼 수 있다.
유물을 통해서 나타나는 한의 무용은 연회(宴會)장면 안에서 많이 보여지고 있다. 그 이유는 한이 제국을 형성하면서 주위 나라와 정치적인 관계를 맺는 가운데 자국의 번영을 상징하고 대내적으로도 안정되고 부유한 문화를 즐기는 대표적인 문화 형태로 연회를 활성화시켰기 때문이다. 그러한 연회의 양상은 한의 영토가 확대되고 그 세력이 서역에까지 미침에 따라 주위 국가들의 문화 형태가 혼합되는 국제적인 성격의 문화가 만들어지면서 가무백희(歌舞百戱)라는 종합적인 공연 형태로 나타났다. 그것은 무용과 잡기가 한데 어우러져 공연되는 것으로 이러한 모습은 각각의 형태에 영향을 미쳐 무용은 기예적인 면을 받아들이게 되고 잡기 역시 무용의 극적인 면에 영향을 받았다.
이에 비해 고구려는 고분벽화의 내용이 당시의 강대하고 발전한 고구려의 사회상을 보여주고 있기는 하지만 무용 형태와 관련된 내용에 있어서 매우 의식적(儀式的)이거나 종교적인 형태로 나타났다. 그것은 민간 신앙을 통합하는 강력한 불교가 고분 벽화의 내용 전반에 상당히 많이 나타나는 가운데 당시의 장례풍속과 불교의식적인 내용과 관련된 화면(書面)안에 무용이 나타나고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 한의 무용이 무용과 잡기가 함께 연출되는 성격이었던 것과는 달리 고구려의 무용은 의식이나 종교에 관련된 화면 속에서, 잡기는 행렬도(行列圖)라는 사실적인 벽화 내용속에서 나타나고 있다.
그리고 한과 고구려에는 동일하게 긴 소매를 사용한 무용 형태가 나타나고 있는데, 이것은 한의 무용이 고구려에게 영향을 미치는 것처럼 느끼게 한다. 그러나 구체적인 비교 결과, 고구려에서는 한의 유희(遊戱)적인 성격과 여성적인 부드러움이 사라진 의식적이고 활달한 건무(建舞)의 형태로 나타났다. 이것은 역사적으로 한의 문화에 영향을 많이 받을 수 밖에 없었던 고구려였지만 한의 무용을 받아들임에 있어 외형적인 것에만 영향을 받고 자기화(自己化)시킨 결과라고 볼 수 있을 것이다. 또한 고구려 무용의 동작 중에서는 한 외에 서역의 영향도 상당히 많이 보여주는 예도 있다.
잡기의 경우 한은 서역의 환술과 잡기를 받아들임으로써 더욱 기교적이고 다양한 유형을 갖게 되었는데, 고구려에 있어서는 행렬 가운데에서 나타나는 잡기가 대부분이었다. 예외적인 경우는 장천 제1호분에 나타나는 &apos;백희기악도(百戱伎樂圖)&apos;가 있는데 유일하게 무용과 잡기가 함께 나타나고 있다. 그런데 이것은 고구려의 종교관념 안에서 나타나는 축제적인 제사형태를 표현한 것으로 고구려 벽화에서 전반적으로 나타나는 종교적인 성격에서 크게 벗어나지 않고 있는 것 같다.
두 나라 무용에서 나타나는 이러한 특징은 자연발생적인 성격을 지닌 무용의 근원적인 모습이 당시에 독특한 배경 아래 서로 다른 모습으로 변모되었음을 보여준다. 그리고 그러한 모습은 오늘날에 이르기까지 두 나라 무용이 상당히 다른 성격으로 발전하게 되는 발판을 형성하게 한 것 같다.목차 = ⅰ
논문개요 = ⅶ
Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
Ⅱ. 한(漢)과 고구려(高句麗)의 역사적인 관계 = 10
A. 두 나라의 역사적 배경 = 10
B. 한과 고구려의 문화적인 영향관계 = 14
1. 한사군(漢四郡)과 고구려의 관계 = 14
2. 조공관계를 통한 문화적인 영향관계 = 17
Ⅲ. 한대(漢代)의 무용 = 20
A. 한대 무용의 형성 배경 = 20
B. 가무백희(歌舞百戱) 속에서 발전한 한(漢)대 무용 = 27
C. 가무백희(歌舞百戱)의 유형(類型) = 34
1. 잡기(雜技) = 34
2. 무용(舞踊) = 46
Ⅳ. 고구려의 무용 = 59
A. 고구려 무용의 형성 배경 = 59
B. 고분 벽화에 나타나는 고구려의 무용 = 65
C. 고구려 무용의 유형 = 72
1. 잡기 = 72
2. 무용 = 82
Ⅴ. 한(漢)과 고구려 무용의 비교 = 120
A. 무용의 형성 배경에 대한 비교 = 122
B. 유물 및 벽화에 나타나는 무용의 유형 비교 = 131
1. 무용의 유형 비교 = 131
2. 유물 및 벽화에 나타나는 구체적인 무용형태의 비교 = 137
Ⅵ. 맺음말 = 149
참고문헌 = 152
Abstract = 15
The Exclusionary Rule in Criminal Procedure: a comparative study of the English, American, and Japanese approaches
No full textPaper in which the author aims to compare the reasoning of and approaches to the exclusion of certain evidence in criminal litigation in England, in the United States and in Japan, with reference in particular to the potential impact of the Human Rights Acts 1998 on the increased possibility that the defence challenge the admissibility of prosecution evidence alleging breach of the European Convention on Human Rights. Article by Ryo Ogiso (Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, Komazawa University, Tokyo, Japan. Published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and its Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London
The Exclusionary Rule in Criminal Procedure: a comparative study of the English, American, and Japanese approaches
No full textPaper in which the author aims to compare the reasoning of and approaches to the exclusion of certain evidence in criminal litigation in England, in the United States and in Japan, with reference in particular to the potential impact of the Human Rights Acts 1998 on the increased possibility that the defence challenge the admissibility of prosecution evidence alleging breach of the European Convention on Human Rights. Article by Ryo Ogiso (Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, Komazawa University, Tokyo, Japan. Published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and its Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has imposed substantial burdens on the global society. To find an optimal combination of wastewater surveillance and clinical testing for tracking COVID-19, we evaluated the economic efficiency of hypothetical screening options at a single facility in Japan. To conduct cost-benefit analyses, we developed standard decision models in which we assumed model parameters from literature and primary data, such as screening policies used at the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Village in 2021. We compared hypothetical 2-step screening options that used clinical PCR to diagnose COVID-19 after a positive result from primary screening using antigen tests (option 1) or wastewater surveillance (option 2). Our simulation results indicated that option 2 likely would be economically more justifiable than option 1, particularly at lower incidence levels. Our findings could help justify and promote the use of wastewater surveillance as a primary screening at a facility level for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases
Estrogen receptor β controls muscle growth and regeneration in young female mice
No full textNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(医学)Estrogens are female sex hormones that are important for comprehensively maintaining muscle function, and an insufficiency affects muscle strength and regeneration in females. However, it is still unclear whether estrogen signaling is mediated through receptors. To investigate the specific role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in skeletal muscle and satellite cells (muscle stem cells), we generated muscle-specific ERβ-knockout (mKO) and satellite cell-specific ERβ-knockout (scKO) mice, respectively. Young female mKO mice displayed a decrease in fast-type dominant muscle mass. Female, but not male, scKO mice exhibited impaired muscle regeneration following acute muscle injury, probably due to reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of satellite cells. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that loss of ERβ in satellite cells altered gene expression of extracellular matrix components, including laminin and collagen. The results indicate that the estrogen-ERβ pathway is a sex-specific regulatory mechanism that controls muscle growth and regeneration in female mice.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1268号 学位授与年月日:令和2年9月2日Author: Daiki Seko, Ryo Fujita, Yuriko Kitajima, Kodai Nakamura, Yuuki Imai, Yusuke OnoCitation: Stem Cell Reports, 15(3), pp.577-586; 2020Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(医学) (2020-09-02)doctoral thesi
Clinical impact of episodic nocturnal hypercapnia and its treatment with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with stable advanced COPD
No full textTakamasa Kitajima, Satoshi Marumo, Hiroshi Shima, Masahiro Shirata, Satoru Kawashima, Daiki Inoue, Yuko Katayama, Ryo Itotani, Minoru Sakuramoto, Motonari Fukui Respiratory Disease Center, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan Purpose: Episodic nocturnal hypercapnia (eNH) caused by rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-related hypoventilation is often noted in patients with advanced COPD. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of eNH and the effectiveness of eNH-targeted noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). Patients and methods: We enrolled patients with stable, severe, or very severe COPD with daytime arterial partial oxygen pressure PaO2 ≥55 mmHg and daytime arterial partial carbon dioxide pressure PaCO2 <55 mmHg, who underwent overnight transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure (PtcCO2) monitoring from April 2013 to April 2016. We retrospectively compared clinical characteristics, daytime blood gas analysis, frequency of exacerbation, serum albumin levels, and ratio of pulmonary artery to aorta diameter (PA:A ratio), between patients with COPD with and without eNH. For those with eNH, we applied NPPV and compared these clinical characteristics before and after NPPV. Results: Twenty-one patients were finally included in this study. Ten patients (47.6%) were evaluated to have eNH. These patients had lower albumin levels (p=0.027), larger PA:A ratio (p=0.019), and higher frequency of exacerbations during the last year (p=0.036). NPPV for the patients with eNH improved daytime PaCO2 compared with that 12 months after NPPV (p=0.011). The frequency of exacerbations 1 year before NPPV decreased 1 year after NPPV (p=0.030). Serum albumin levels improved 1 year after NPPV (p=0.001). Conclusion: In patients with stable severe or very severe COPD, eNH may be a risk factor of exacerbations, hypoalbuminemia, and pulmonary hypertension. NPPV may be effective against hypoalbuminemia and acute exacerbations. However, further study is necessary to validate these findings. Keywords: COPD, sleep disorders, pulmonary hypertension, nocturnal hypoventilation, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, intelligent volume-assured pressure suppor
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