186,478 research outputs found
Changing the narrative: The British Psychological Society report ‘Understanding Psychosis and Schizophrenia’
No full textConversation with Anne Cooke and Peter Kinderman
Anne Cooke is the editor and Peter is a co-author of the British Psychological Society’s recent ground-breaking report ‘Understanding Psychosis and Schizophrenia: why people sometimes hear voices, believe things that others find strange, or appear out of touch with reality, and what can help’, which has attracted widespread media coverage and debate. It was written by a group of 25 clinical psychologists drawn from eight UK universities and the UK National Health Service, together with people who have themselves experienced psychosis.
It provides an accessible overview of the current state of knowledge, and its conclusions have profound implications both for the way we understand ‘mental illness’ and for the future of mental health services. In this talk Anne and described the motivation behind it, the reactions it has received, and outlined its main messages
F**k business: Brexit and the deep freeze between business and politics in populist nationalism
No full textBusiness has been f**ked! F**k government! The relationship between business and politics is broken - can it be fixed? This contribution, by Daniel Kinderman (University of Delaware), part book review and part blog post, reflects on the tense and sometimes openly conflictual relationship between business and politics in populist nationalism
Empirically grounded clinical interventions: Clinical implications of a psychological model of mental disorder
No full textKinderman (2005) presented a psychological model of mental disorder, based on a critique and reformulation of the biopsychosocial model. Kinderman suggested that disruption or dysfunction in psychological processes is a final common pathway in the development of mental disorder. These processes include, but are not limited to, cognitive processes. This 'mediating psychological processes model' proposes that biological and environmental factors, together with a person's personal experiences, lead to mental disorder through their conjoint effects on these psychological processes. The clinical implications of this model are discussed further here. It is proposed that formulations rather than diagnoses should predominate clinical planning, that these formulations should detail the hypothesised disruption to psychological processes or mechanisms, that psychological therapies should receive higher priority, and that medical, social and even psychological interventions are most likely to be clinically effective if they are designed on the basis of their likely beneficial impact on underlying psychological mechanisms. © 2006 British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies
Psychological Therapies, Psychological Therapists, Psychological Models of Mental Disorder and the Role of Applied Psychologists
No full textGuidelines from NICE (the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) and academic papers have repeatedly stressed the effectiveness and appropriateness of psychological therapies for a range of mental health problems. The Department of Health’s and the Care Services Improvement Partnership’s (CSIP) Programme Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) sets out a framework for action, including two national demonstration sites, to address these issues in England. Clearly, as experts in conducting and delivering psychological interventions, clinical and applied psychologists have a key role here. Psychologists are the key profession delivering such therapies, but the IAPT programme envisages an expansion of psychological therapists more generally. This means commissioners contracting with NHS Trusts (and potentially other bodies) to employ a range of professionals, including new graduates, to be trained in specific therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Therefore, psychologists are also important as managers, supervisors and trainers of such psychological therapists. Psychologists’ training enables them to formulate individualised complex care plans where the application of manualised and deliverable packages of therapy can be integrated into more holistic care plans. This paper discusses the distinctive roles of psychologists and psychological perspectives in the light of these proposals. The paper is written from the perspective of one professional group – clinical psychology – and should be read in that context
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
An Evaluation of Shared Reading Groups for Adults Living with Dementia: Preliminary Findings
No full textPurpose – Although there is a growing evidence base for the value of psychosocial and arts based strategies for enhancing wellbeing amongst adults living with dementia, relatively little attention has been paid to literature-based interventions. This service evaluation assesses the impact of Shared Reading (SR) groups, a programme developed and implemented by The Reader Organisation, on quality of life for care home residents with mild/moderate dementia. Design/methodology/approach – Thirty one individuals were recruited from four care homes, which were randomly assigned to either reading-waiting groups (three months reading, followed by three months no reading) or waiting-reading groups (three months no reading, followed by three months reading). Quality of life was assessed by the DEMQOLProxy and psychopathological symptoms were assessed by the NPI-Q. Findings – Compared to the waiting condition, the positive effects of SR on quality of life were demonstrated at the commencement of the reading groups and were maintained once the activity ended. Low levels of baseline symptoms prevented analyses on whether the intervention impacted on the clinical signs of dementia. Limitations – Limitations included the small sample and lack of control for confounding variables. Originality/value – The therapeutic potential of reading groups is discussed as a positive and practical intervention for older adults living with dementia
Self-discrepancies, attentional bias and persecutory delusions
No full textBackground. Persecutory delusions appear to involve abnormal attentional biases to threat-related information, particularly information related to the self. The present study aimed to investigate attentional biases to different types of perceived threat and changes in self-perception in response to exposure to such threat-related material. Method. Discrepancies between actual self, ideal self and perceived others' self-representations were assessed in three groups of participants; 13 people experiencing persecutory delusions, 11 people in a psychiatric comparison group, and 13 in a nonpsychiatric comparison group. An adaptation of the emotional Stroop task was then used as an experimental manipulation of attentional bias to five different types of threat (sociotropic, autonomic, physical, ego threats from others, and self-directed ego threats). Self-discrepancies were then again assessed. Results. Before administration of the emotional Stroop task, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of their self-actual:self-ideal and self-actual:other-actual discrepancies. However, after the administration of the Stroop task, significant differences between the clinical groups were observed, mirroring significant reductions in self-actual:self-ideal discrepancies and significant increases in self-actual:other-actual discrepancies in the paranoid participants. Conclusions. This paper is novel in repeating the assessment of self-discrepancies after the processing of threat-related information. These findings are consistent with Bentall, Kinderman, and Kaney's (1994) model of paranoid ideation and findings reported by Kinderman and Bentall (2000)
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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