1,720,953 research outputs found

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    VAR Check: Visa Requirements for the 2026 FIFA World Cup

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    “We are bullish about the power of football (soccer). It will become the number one sport in North America” —FIFA President Gianni Infantino Canada, Mexico, and the United States will host the 2026 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup. While the tournament is expected to generate more than 40billionineconomicactivityacrossthecontinent,FIFAsdecisiontoawardhostingrightstoNorthAmericacoincideswithGianniInfantinosstatedgoalofdethroningAmericanfootballasthemostpopularsportinNorthAmerica.WhilebillionsofdollarsandahealthydoseofsoftpowerawaitNorthAmericaontheothersideofthetournament,thesenamedbeneficiariesfirstneedtheeventitselftogowell,somethingwhich,tothispoint,hasbeenglossedoverandtreatedlikeaminordetail.AlthoughasizeableportionofFIFAsrevenuecomesfromthesaleofbroadcastandmediarights,itmaybeashocktolearnthathostcitieslikeSeattleandGuadalajarainfactneedfanstocometotownforthematchesthesecitieswillhostinordertoreapthebenefitsofwhatissupposedtobeaneconomicwindfall.However,forthattohappen,fansfromallovertheworldfirstneedtogetapprovaltotravelinsidethebordersofCanada,Mexico,andtheUnitedStates.Thisiswheretheproblemsbegin.FIFA,aworldfootballmainstay,theColombianmensnationalteamrankedthirteenthintheworldinDecemberof2025.AsofDecemberof2025,thewaittimeforaB2visainterviewattheU.S.EmbassyinBogotaˊis398days.Tu¨rkiye,rankedtwentyfifthintheworld,finishedthirdinthe2002FIFAWorldCup.Atonepointrecently,thewaittimeforaB2interviewinAnkarawas560days.NoteamhaswontheAfricanCupofNationsmoretimesthanCo^tedIvoire.AsofMarch2025,theprocessingtimeforaCanadianTemporaryResidentVisa(TRV)foranapplicantapplyingfromCo^tedIvoirewas433days.Rankednineteenthintheworld,Senegalfigurestomakeadeepruninthe2026tournament.TobeapprovedforaMexicanvisa,allonemustdoisprovidetherequisitedocumentsduringaninpersonappointment.ForaSenegalesesupporterlivinginDakar,thenearestMexicanEmbassyislocatedacool1,850milesaway(35hoursbycar,bothways)inRabat,Morocco.Needthislistcontinue?FIFAexpectstogenerate40 billion in economic activity across the continent, FIFA’s decision to award hosting rights to North America coincides with Gianni Infantino’s stated goal of dethroning American football as the most popular sport in North America. While billions of dollars and a healthy dose of soft power await North America on the other side of the tournament, these named beneficiaries first need the event itself to go well, something which, to this point, has been glossed over and treated like a minor detail. Although a sizeable portion of FIFA’s revenue comes from the sale of broadcast and media rights, it may be a shock to learn that host cities like Seattle and Guadalajara in fact need fans to come to town for the matches these cities will host in order to reap the benefits of what is supposed to be an economic windfall. However, for that to happen, fans from all over the world first need to get approval to travel inside the borders of Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This is where the problems begin. FIFA, a world football mainstay, the Colombian men’s national team ranked thirteenth in the world in December of 2025. As of December of 2025, the wait time for a B-2 visa interview at the U.S. Embassy in Bogotá is 398 days. Türkiye, ranked twenty-fifth in the world, finished third in the 2002 FIFA World Cup. At one point recently, the wait time for a B-2 interview in Ankara was 560 days. No team has won the African Cup of Nations more times than Côte d’Ivoire. As of March 2025, the processing time for a Canadian Temporary Resident Visa (TRV) for an applicant applying from Côte d’Ivoire was 433 days. Ranked nineteenth in the world, Senegal figures to make a deep run in the 2026 tournament. To be approved for a Mexican visa, all one must do is provide the requisite documents during an in-person appointment. For a Senegalese supporter living in Dakar, the nearest Mexican Embassy is located a cool 1,850 miles away (35 hours by car, both ways) in Rabat, Morocco. Need this list continue? FIFA expects to generate 11 billion from the 2026 World Cup cycle. The sixteen cities hosting matches across the continent in 2026 have committed themselves to hundreds of millions of dollars in investments toward infrastructure and transportation. North America has given the rest of the world permission to place the continent under a global magnifying glass while a spotlight the size of the Empire State Building is attached to it. There are major players involved, and they are all counting on the tournament to be a massive success. However, there remain far more questions than answers. The research for this Note began in the fall of 2023. At that point, these logistical concerns had received little to no attention. While that was of concern, it felt too early to sound the alarms. Now in late 2025, very little has changed since the beginning of this project. While some commentary has cropped up in recent months, the three host countries have yet to take any concrete or meaningful steps toward addressing the issues outlined in this Note. Now it’s time to sound the alarms

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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    koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist

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    We have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used

    Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902

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    In Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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