126 research outputs found
KEBIJAKAN BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI) TIONGKOK PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN XI JINPING. AUTHOR: Syaiful Anam, Ristiyani Ristiyani
No full textKEBIJAKAN BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI) TIONGKOK PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN XI JINPING
Syaiful Anam, Ristiyani Ristiyan
Cell and tissue culture: an overview
No full textIntroduction
This book, Cell/Tissue Culture Research and Technology from Islamic Perspective, deals and discusses on issues pertaining to the applications of cell and tissue culture in the light of the advancements made in modern technology, particularly in biotechnology and nanotechnology. To dissect the many topics pertaining to this matter, the book is divided into 10 chapters.
In Chapter 1, which is entitled, “Integration of Islamic Principles in Modern Science: Its Philosophy and Method”, Ibrahim A. Shogar, the writer, gives an in depth explanation of the approaches used by scholars, jurists and scientists of this modernized world in order to integrate Islamic principles in science and technology. He explains the many challenges that have, and will, be faced by Muslims in order to achieve Islamic integration in modern science, taking into account the opinions of old and new Muslim scholars. Through the philosophies and methods presented, the aim of showing the steady progression of Islamic integration in the promising field of science and technology is achieved.
In Chapter 2, “Cell and Tissue Culture: An Overview”, Mohammad Syaiful Bahari Abdull Rasad and his co-author, focuses upon the basic requirements and arrangements that are necessary for the purpose of setting up, or working, in a cell/tissue culture laboratory. Brief explanations of protocols, equipment handling and maintenance are also incorporated into this chapter with the aim of exposing readers on the various regulations and equipment needed in a culture laboratory. A concise elucidation on a collection of cell lines is provided as an introductory towards the types of cells/tissues that can be found cultured in a normal cell/tissue culture laboratory. Overall, readers should have a fundamental understanding of the setup and requirements of a cell/tissue culture laboratory.
Rahmatul Wahida Ahmad, in Chapter 3, which is entitled “Risk Assessment and Regulatory Aspects of Cell Culture”, stresses that safety and health of the occupants of the cell/tissue culture laboratory is to be the focal point of any cell/tissue culture research as the risks one is exposed to are aplenty. The level of risks, and the regulations that are established in most cell/tissue culture laboratory in order to counter and reduce the amount of exposure towards those risks, are highlighted in this chapter, with the hopes of putting cautions in readers who are involved with cell/tissue culture research. As Islam prioritizes safety and wellbeing of mankind, this chapter is of great significance before going further with other aspects of integrated science and Islamic principles.
In Chapter 4, “Basic Techniques and Research in Cell Culture: Integration of Islamic Approach”, Mohammad Syaiful Bahari Abdull Rasad provides an explanation on how Islamic laws and regulations (shariah) could be applied in cell culture research with proper usage of alternative resources and materials. Discussions and suggestions in utilizing alternative approaches for cell culture research are stressed upon, with the aim of exposing readers with the possibilities of making modern science and technology more acceptable for Muslims, as well as other, communities. As a result, a perceptive on how to approach and integrate Islam into cell culture research is accomplished.
The focus of Chapter 5 is on the “Diagnostic and Therapeutic Application of Cell and Tissue Culture from Islamic Perspective”. The writer, Mohammad Syaiful Bahari Abdull Rasad and his co-writer, Nur Aizura Mat Alewi, writes at great length on the various dilemmas as well as ethical and social issues posed by the utilization of cell and tissue culture in the field of diagnostic and therapeutic research. The writers emphasize that with the advancement in cell/tissue culture application in an assortment of researches, many issues, of old and new, have also arisen. Thus, it is the duty of Muslim scholars and scientists to search for knowledge and ascertain proper regulations that are in accordance to Islamic shariah as this would assist in safeguarding the interest of the Muslim ummah and at the same time, promote its progression in modern science.
In Chapter 6, “New Era of Regenerative Medicine: An Islamic Perspective”, Ahmad Sukari Halim and his co-authors highlight the headway made by scientists and researches of this century on regenerative medicine. Diverse methods and approaches applied in modern science are stated thoroughly, keeping in mind on how Islam perceives and accepts advancement in life, as long as they are within the bound of Islamic rules and regulations (shariah).
In Chapter 7, Mohd. Arifin Kaderi explains the various aspects of genetic engineering and how cells are utilized in this advancing field of biotechnology, taking into deliberation the issues that may arise based on Islamic perspective. Hence, this chapter entitled, “Applications of Cultured Cells in Genetic Engineering: An Islamic Perspective”, discusses topics such as gene/genome applications in genetic engineering, vaccines and antibodies productions and so forth.
Elaborating further on the matter which have a degree of association, Munirah Sha’ban and her co-author, in Chapter 8, under the title, “Tissue Engineering: An Islamic Perspective”, write on a variety of aspects that need to be understood by Muslims concerning the utilization of tissue engineering from medical and scientific perspectives, with religious (Islamic) perspective playing a focal role in the discussions. It is indicated in the chapter that although the issues surrounding tissue engineering are continuously being reviewed and debated, Muslims should move forward with researches concerning tissue engineering while keeping in adherence to the shariah.
Meanwhile, Muhammad Lokman Md. Isa in Chapter 9, “Stem Cells Research: Value, Ethical and Religious Views”, draws attention to several other religions, including Islam, and their opinions and views on the subject of stem cell research. It is interesting to note that the religions which have strong traditions of legal and religious laws, namely Judaism and Islam, support most forms of stem cell research.
Finally, in the last chapter (Chapter 10) which was written by Shaharum Shamsuddin, entitled, “Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine: The Impact, Implication and The Unknown”, the writer puts forward a lengthy elaboration on a topic that has piqued the attention of many researchers and scientists of this era, which is the topic of nanotechnology. With in-depth input on different applications of nanotechnology, readers are able to further immerse themselves in the many prospects of nanotechnology, both known and unknown, that could benefit mankind in the future
Eksplorasi dan identifikasi bakteri endofit pereduksi nanosilver asal tanaman padi dan uji antibiosis terhadap Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
No full textSalah satu penyakit yang menyerang tanaman padi adalah hawar daun bakteri yang disebabkan Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Umumnya pengendalian hawar daun bakteri menggunakan bakterisida sintetik. Diperlukan alternatif pegendalian salah satunya dengan pemanfaatan nanoteknologi. Ketersediaan bakteri pereduksi nanopartikel perak masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan identifikasi bakteri endofit pada tanaman padi, mengkarakterisasi kemampuan bakteri endofit sebagai bioreduktor nanopartikel perak (AgNPs), dan menguji kemampuan antibiosis terhadap Xoo. Proses ini dimulai dengan eksplorasi dan identifkasi bakteri endofit tanaman padi, melakukan proses sintesis perak nitrat menggunakan isolat bakteri sebagai bioreduktor, mengkaraterisasi AgNPs dengan mengamati perubahan warna larutan serta spektrofotometer UV-Vis, uji antibiosis menggunakan metode difusi cakram, dan mengidentifikasi bakteri. Hasil ekplorasi diperoleh 15 isolat yang dominan (populasi lebih dari 107 cfu mL-1). Isolat bakteri endofit yang positif mampu mereduksi partikel perak nitrat (AgNO3) menjadi nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) hanya dua isolat yaitu isolat BI4 dan BI5. AgNP yang disintesis dengan reduktor bakteri endofit pada BI4 memiliki panjang gelombang maksimum 468 nm dengan nilai serapan 0,173 dan BI5 memiliki panjang gelombag maksimum 368 nm dengan nilai serapan 0,108. Hasil identifikasi berdasarkan 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa isolat BI4 adalah Pseudomonas aeruginosa dengan kemiripan 98% dan isolat BI5 adalah Hafnia psychrotolerant dengan kemiripan 87%. Pengujian AgNPs terhadap Xoo menunjukkan kemampuan antibiosis namun masih dalam kategori lemah
Perlindungan Hukum dalam Perjanjian Sewa Guna Usaha Berbasis Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak
Get PDFLeasing is one of the solutions for society to acquire the goods they desire in order to improve their standard of living. A leasing agreement is an innominate contract, meaning that its formation is left to the parties involved to determine the clauses within the agreement. The research method used is based on normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The research findings indicate that leasing agreements are implemented in the form of standard contracts following the "take it or leave it" principle, granting the lessor the right to terminate the agreement and unilaterally reclaim the leased object.Sewa guna usaha merupakan salah satu solusi bagi masyarakat untuk mendapat barang yang diinginkannya dalam rangka meningkatkan taraf hidupnya. Perjanjian sewa guna usaha merupakan perjanjian innominate sehingga pembentukan perjanjiannya diserahkan kepada para pihak untuk menentukan klausula dalam perjanjian. metode penelitian dilakukan dengan berdasarkan pada hukum normative dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Dari hasil penelitian didapati hasil yaitu bahwa perjanjian sewa guna usaha dilaksanakan dalam bentuk perjanjian baku dengan prinsip take it or leave it, dan adanya hak dari pihak lessor untuk menghentikan perjanjian serta melakukan penarikan atas objek sewa guna usaha secara sepihak
TELAAH KRITIS PUTUSAN ARBITRASE SEBAGAI DASAR PERMOHONAN PAILIT
Get PDFAgainst the arbitral award, the parties should be able to implement it voluntarily. If the losing party does not want to carry out its obligations by the specified deadline, then the obligation is a debt that must be paid by the debtor to the creditor. Based on article 8 paragraph 4, the proof in bankruptcy must be proven simply as a condition for bankruptcy of the debtor. The arbitration award should be the basis for the bankruptcy of the debtor. From the research results it can be concluded that bankruptcy can only occur if the debtor admits that he has debts to creditors and this must be proven simply. The commercial court considers the application of the arbitration award as the basis for filing a bankruptcy petition to be excessive and overlapping, resulting in the rejection of the bankruptcy petition. Therefore, judges are advised to enforce the provisions as stated in the law and be able to make legal breakthroughs (legal discoveries) in the field of bankruptcy
Renegosiasi Kontrak Sebagai Upaya Penyelesaian Pelaksanaan Kontrak Saat Pandemi Covid-19
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic proves the difficulties for business actors to operate their businesses, hence many of them face constraints in fulfilling their obligation to the creditors, which subsequently causes these debtors to be declared in default. Creditors as parties entitled to the fulfillment of the obligation are expected to understand the difficulties faced by debtors due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The problems raised in this study are: first, is the covid-19 pandemic may constitute ground for default by the debtor in fulfilling his contractual obligations, second, how are the efforts to resolve the obstacles in fulfillment of obligation in the covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted using normative juridical methods and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that first, the covid-19 pandemic includes force majeure which resulted in the debtor experiencing economic difficulties to fulfill their obligation, leading to the debtor’s default which consequently resulted in the debtor losing his business and property which was used as collateral for debt repayment; second, if the debtor has difficulty in fulfilling their obligations, the debtor can ask the creditor to carry out renegotiation of the ongoing agreement based on the principle of kinship as mandated by Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.
Key Words: Renegotiation; dispute resolution; default; covid-19 pandemic
Abstrak
Pandemi covid-19 terbukti telah membuat para pelaku usaha mengalami kesulitan untuk menjalankan usaha, sehingga tidak sedikit pula yang terkendala dalam memenuhi prestasi kepada kreditur sehingga menyebabkan debitur dinyatakan wanprestasi. Kreditur selaku pihak yang menuntut terpenuhinya prestasi harus dapat memahami kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh debitur akibat terjadinya pandemi covid-19. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: pertama, apakah pandemi covid-19 merupakan wanprestasi oleh debitor dalam pemenuhan prestasi kontraktualnya, kedua, bagaimana upaya penyelesaian kendala pemenuhan prestasi sebagai akibat adanya pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dan akan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa: pertama, pandemi covid-19 termasuk force majeure yang mengakibatkan debitur mengalami kesulitan secara ekonomi untuk memenuhi prestasinya, menyebabkan debitur menjadi wanprestasi yang mengakibatkan debitur kehilangan usaha serta harta bendanya yang dijadikan sebagai jaminan pembayaran utang; kedua, apabila debitur kesulitan memenuhi prestasi, maka debitur dapat meminta kepada kreditur untuk melaksanakan renegosiasi terhadap perjanjian yang sedang berjalan dengan berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan sebagaimana yang diamanatkan oleh Pancasila dan UUD 1945.
Kata Kunci: Renegosiasi; penyelesaian sengketa; wanprestasi; pandemi covid-1
DRAFT LAW ON CRIMINAL CODE AND LEGAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
Get PDFThe fact that the Criminal Code Bill has not yet been ratified is because there are obstacles in the discussion of the Criminal Code Bill. Besides that, the Criminal Code Bill also has a polemic in the community. The community has not all agreed to be related to the Criminal Code Bill. Therefore, until now the Criminal Code Draft cannot yet be ratified. The Criminal Code Bill actually has to replace the Criminal Code now. This is because the Criminal Code is now not in accordance with the conditions of the people and the state of Indonesia. Ratification of the Criminal Code Draft is the best way for criminal law to be applied in Indonesia in accordance with the conditions of the people and the state of Indonesia. In addition, the Criminal Code Bill is also a criminal law made by the Indonesian people themselves. Moreover, the Criminal Code Draft can be said to be following the development because it is developed in a way that is developed even now there is still discussion
REKONSTRUKSI SISTEM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DI LUAR PENGADILAN MELALUI BADAN ARBITRASE NASIONAL INDONESIA (BANI) BERBASIS KEADILAN DAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM
Get PDFPerjanjian yang dilakukan oleh para pelaku usaha dalam dunia perdagangan juga harus dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Namun dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian tersebut dapat timbul beda pendapat atau sengketa diantara para pihak. Para pihak yang bersengketa tersebut menginginkan agar sengketa yang timbul diselesaikan dengan sistem penyelesaian dalam waktu yang cepat dan tidak berbelit-berbelit.
Metode penelitian disertasi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme. Spesifikasi penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif, untuk mengkaji secara menyeluruh mengenai eksisitensi sistem penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan melalui Badan Arbitrase NaAsional Indonesia (BANI). Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian disertasi ini dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer yang terdiri dari UUD 1945, UU No. 30 tahun 1999 dan peraturan perundang-undangan dan bahan hukum sekunder yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan bahan hukum yang mendukung bahan hukum primer, seperti buku-buku hukum, jurnal, hasil penelitian di bidang hukum, hasil seminar, dan lain-lain. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menganalisis bahan-bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder yang berkaitan dengan penyelesaian sengketa melalui arbitrase.
Hasil peneltian menemukan 1. Dalam Aturan dan prosedur BANI yang dibuat dengan tetap mengacu pada ketentuan yang terdapat dalam UU No. 30 tahun 1999 terdapat kelemahan. Berdasarkan hasil peneltian ketentuan yang terdapat dalam UU No. 30 tahun 1999 tersebut masih terdapat kelemahan. 2 Terdapat kelemahan dalam UU No. 30 tahun 1999 tentang abitrase dan alternative penyelesaian sengketa yaitu a) Kelemahan pada substansif hukum, b) Kelemahan pada struktural hukum, c) Kelemahan pada budaya hukum,3. Maka perlu untuk dilakukan rekonstruksi terhadap UU No. 30 tahun 1999.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka direkomendasikan untuk melakukan rekonstruksi terhadap ketentuan yang terdapat dalam UU No. 30 tahun 1999 tentang a) Perlu penegasan terhadap pihak ketiga diluar perjanjian yang dapat ikut serta dalam perkara arbitrase yang sedang berjalan. b) Pada saat pengajuan bukti-bukti surat atau dokumen tertulis lainnya para pihak harus dapat memperlihatkan aslinya, c) Bantuan pengadilan negeri untuk meminta keterangan terhadap saksi-saksi yang tidak bersedia atau berhalangan hadir ke persidangan arbitrase. d) Terhadap putusan arbitrase yang dijatuhkan oleh arbiter atau majelis arbitrase berdasarkan itikad buruk, maka terhadap putusan tersebut dapat dimintakan pembatalannya ke Pengadilan Negeri
Kata kunci : Rekonstruksi, Sistem Penyelesaian Sengketa Diluar Pengadilan, Keadilan Dan Kepastian Huku
PENERAPAN NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA DALAM PENOLAKAN PUTUSAN ARBITRASE INTERNASIONAL
Get PDFABSTRAK
Dipilihnya penyelesaian sengketa dagang melalui arbitrase karena dianggap memiliki banyak kelebihan dibandingkan penyelesaian melalui peradilan umum dan juga karena putusan arbitrase bersifat final dan mengikat. Tetapi disisi lain Konvensi New York 1958 memberi kewenangan kepada Negara anggota untuk menolak pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase internasional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengadilan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam menentukan pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase internasional. Pengadilan diberi kewenangan untuk menolak putusan arbitrase internasional jika putusan tersebut bertentangan dengan ketertiban umum serta peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Oleh karena itu maka disarankan kepada Pengadilan untuk lebih mempertimbangkan keberadaan Pancasila sebagai bagian terpenting dari ketertiban umum Indonesia sebelum memutuskan menolak atau menerima putusan arbitrase internasional.
Kata kunci: pancasila; penolakan; putusan arbitrase internasional.
ABSTRACT
The choice of settlement of trade disputes through arbitration is because it is considered to have many advantages over settlement through general courts and also because the arbitration award is final and binding. On the other hand, the 1958 New York Convention authorizes member states to refuse the implementation of international arbitral awards. This research is a normative legal research using secondary data. The results of the analysis show that courts have an important role in determining the implementation of international arbitral awards. Courts are given the authority to reject international arbitral awards if the award is contrary to public policy and the prevailing laws and regulations. Therefore, it is recommended to the Court to consider the existence of Pancasila as the most important part of Indonesia's public policy before deciding to reject or accept an international arbitration award. Keywords: conditional sentencing; criminal law; justice; restorative justice; sentence
Peran dan Tanggung Jawab Mediator dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa pada Era Modernisasi Hukum
Get PDFMediation is an effort to accelerate dispute resolution with the assistance of a neutral third party who does not take sides with any of the disputing parties. In the era of legal modernization, dispute resolution is also carried out through the use of information technology, such as the possibility of conducting meetings online. The research method relies on normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The findings show that mediation serves as an initial stage in dispute resolution. The Supreme Court has issued regulations governing mediation procedures to be conducted by mediators. As the key actors in the success of mediation, mediators are required to guide the parties more effectively in reaching a peaceful settlement, including through the use of information technology.Mediasi merupakan upaya untuk percepatan penyelesaian sengketa dengan bantuan pihak ketiga yang netral yang tidak berpihak kepada salah satu pihak yang bersengketa. Pada era modernisasi hukum maka penyelesaian sengketa juga dilakukan dengan penggunaan teknonologi informasi seperti dapat dilakukannya pertemuan secara daring. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan bersandar pada hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mediasi merupakan tahap awal dalam penyelesaian sengketa. Mahkamah Agung telah menerbitkan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung yang mengatur tentang prosedur mediasi yang akan dilakukan oleh mediator. Mediator yang merupakan ujung tombak keberhasilan mediasi dituntut untuk lebih dapat mengarahkan para pihak agar dapat tercapai kesepakatan damai termasuk dengan menggunakan teknologi informasi
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