1,720,976 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Functional Adaptation of Escherichia coli Inducible Promoter Systems for Use in Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis
No full textMennesker har brukt mikrober i tusenvis av år, og gjør det nå i større grad enn noen gang før. Anvendelsesområdene er mangfoldige, fra småskala fermentering under hjemmebrygging til storskala industriell biosyntese av farmasøytiske forbindelser. De tidligste anvendelsene kom imidlertid fra tilfeldige oppdagelser som var få og spredte. Syntetisk biologi som disiplin har åpnet veien for hurtig utvikling av mikrobiel ingeniørkunst for spesifikke nye formål, som produksjon av humant insulin gjennom tarmbakterien, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Genetisk forskning har fått et banebrytende verktøy i syntetisk biologi, som muliggjør uttrykk av gener på tvers av flere mikrobielle arter. Induserbare genuttrykksystemer er et godt eksempel. Disse systemene gir oss mulighet til å kontrollere uttrykket av et gen av interesse i vertsmirober, ved å justere konsentrasjonen av et lite indusermolekyl i kulturmediet.
I denne oppgaven undersøker jeg tilpasningsgraden til velkarakteriserte E. coli indusersystemer for bruk i nye verter, Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) og Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Adapsjon ble gjort ved å introdusere nye vertsoptimaliserte promotorer i stedet for de iboende induserbare systempromotorene. To promotorer i hvert system var mål for optimalisering. En av promotorene styrer uttrykket av den induserbare Transkripsjonsfaktor (TF). TFen regulerer transkripsjonen fra den induserbare promotoren, som styrer uttrykket av reportergenet. Disse systemene induceres av følgende seks indusere: Vanillinsyre (Van), Isopropyl β-D-1-tiogalaktopyranosid (IPTG), 4-isopropylbenzosyre (Cuma), 3,4-Dihydroksybenzosyre (DHBA), Anhydrotetrasyklin hydroklorid (aTc) og l-Arabinose (Ara). Nye promotorer ble forhåndsgenerert ved hjelp av en prediktiv Transformer-basert kunstig intelligens. Resultatene viser varierende nivåer av suksess.
Adaptasjonen for P. putida resulterte i økte induksjonsnivåer for aTc-systemet da det ble dyrket i 0,2 μM aTc, noe som ikke ble overført til 2,0 μM. Da jeg sammenlignet med data fra E. coli generert for denne oppgaven, viste IPTG- og Ara-systemene direkte kompatibilitet med P. putida uten optimalisering. Adaptasjon ga ikke forhøyet induksjon. Van-, Cuma- og DHBA-systemene viste ikke direkte kompatibilitet, og adaptasjon indikerte ikke forhøyet induksjon i P. putida.
Cuma-systemet var det eneste systemet jeg testet for kompatibilitet med B. subtilis. Heterolog yfp ble testet for funksjonalitet på tvers av arter ved å først klone et B. subtilis gfp-derivat av Cuma-systemet. Jeg utviklet konstitutivt aktive P43-derivater av disse induserbare systemene for det samme formålet. Mutasjoner i reportergene og fravær av en nødvendig tilleggssekvens for promotoren, reduserte sannsynligvis fluorescensnivåene ned til de negative kontrollene. Jeg klonete et konstitutivt aktivt derivat med klonet yfp under kontroll av Pveg. Dette systemet utøvde ikke høyere fluorescens enn negativ kontroll. Dette tyder på at heterolog yfp ikke kan benyttes som reporter i B. subtilis. Jeg foreslår å klone et homologt B. subtilis reportergen inn i det samme Pveg-systemet for å innhente ytterligere bevis for disse funnene.Humans have been utilising microbes for thousands of years and do so now more than ever. The applications are multifaceted, ranging from small-scale fermentation during homebrewing to the large-scale industrial biosynthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. Historically, many early applications resulted from accidental discoveries, occurring infrequently. The discipline of synthetic biology has opened up the path of fast-paced microbial engineering for specific and novel purposes, such as the production of human insulin in the gut microbe, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Genetic research has acquired a fundamental tool in synthetic biology, enabling the expression of genes across multiple microbial species. Inducible gene expression systems are a profound example, empowering us to control the expression of a gene of interest in host microbes by adjusting the concentration of a small inducer molecule in the culture medium.
In this thesis, I investigate the adaptability of well-characterised E. coli inducer systems for use in new hosts, Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Adaptation was done by introducing novel host-optimised promoters in place of native inducible systems promoters. The two promoters in each system were targets for optimisation. One promoter directs expression of the inducer sensor Transcription Factor (TF). The TF regulates transcription from the inducible promoter, which directs the expression of the reporter gene. These systems were targeted by the following six inducers: Vanillic acid (Van), Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), Cuminic acid (Cuma), 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), Anhydrotetracycline hydrochloride (aTc) and l-Arabinose (Ara). Novel promoters were generated beforehand via the predictive power of a Transformer-based artificial intelligence deep learning architecture. The adaptation efforts and induction results demonstrate varying levels of success.
Adaptation efforts for P. putida only resulted in increased induction outputs for the aTc-system when grown in 0.2 μM aTc, which did not transfer over to the 10-fold aTc concentration. When compared to E. coli data generated for this thesis, I found the IPTG- and Ara-systems directly compatible with P. putida without any optimisation. Adaptation efforts did not improve this pattern. The Van-, Cuma- and DHBA-systems did not exhibit compatibility “out-of-the-box” and adaptation efforts did not indicate improved induction in P. putida.
The Cuma-system was the only system tested for compatibility with B. subtilis. Specifically, the heterologous yfp had its cross-species functionality tested, by first cloning a B. subtilis gfp Cuma-system derivative. I developed constitutively active P43-derivatives of these inducible systems for the same purpose. Mutations in the reporter coding sequences and the absence of a likely critical auxiliary promoter sequence produced inconclusive compatibility results. I cloned a constitutively active Pveg-YFP-derivative, which did not produce fluorescence relative to negative control. This partly indicates the incompatibility of heterologous yfp in B. subtilis. I suggest cloning a homologous B. subtilis positive control system to generate stronger evidence of these findings
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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