6,094 research outputs found
Sustaining Economic Development by Reforming Basic Institutions through Community Participation
No full textIt is universally accepted and advocated that without community involvement and participation, development initiatives either in the economic or social sector, have little chances of success/sustainability, especially at the grassroots level, where the majority of the country’s population lives [AKRSP (1984, 1999); FAO (1989); Khan et al. (1984) and Mustafa (1998)]. In this connection the concept and approaches of community development have been tested in Northern Areas of Pakistan and the principles and experiences have been replicated in some other parts of the country by Non Government Organisations (NGOs), different national and international government projects and programmes [Mustafa and Grunewald (1996); NRMP (1993) and NRSP (1995)]. The need for conceptualising a realistic framework for collaboration between government/other development agencies and community organisations engaged in pursuit of both social and economic goals is imperative for an equitable and sustainable development because when it comes to community involvement, the two sectors cannot be divorced from each other [Khan (1999) and Reid and Khan (1996)]. The objectives of the paper are: to highlight the need and the importance of grassroots non-government institutions based on participatory community development approaches; to analyse the role of community participation models in the country and to recommend strategies for an effective linkage between grassroots non-government organisations and basic-services-driven government institutes for effective and sustainable development; also to review and recommend primitive structural changes in basic institutions as development partners.
Amanullah Khan the period of Turk-Afghan relations (1919-1929)
No full textAfganistan bulunduğu coğrafi konum ve sahip olduğu stratejik önem nedeniyle, tarih sayfalarında kilit ve hedefteki ülke olarak yer almıştır. Bu düşüncenin doğal bir sonucu olarak M.Ö. 500'lü yılardan itibaren İranlılar, Makedonlar, Sakalar, Akhunlar, Araplar, Gazneliler, Harzemşahlar, Moğollar ve Babürler gibi birçok devlet tarafından ele geçirilen günümüzdeki Afganistan toprakları, sarp dağları ve sert coğrafyasıyla 1747 yılında Ahmet Şah Dürrani'nin oluşturduğu siyasi birlik adıyla bilinen Afganistan ve 19.yüzyılın başlarından itibaren İngiltere ve Çarlık Rusyası'nın hegemonya mücadelelerine ev sahipliği yapmış olup emperyalist güçlerle verdiği amansız mücadelelerden başarı ile çıkarak bağımsızlığını kazanmıştır. Babasının vefatından sonra 1919 yılında tahta çıkan Kral Amanullah Han, üçüncü Afgan-İngiliz savaşı sonrası Afganistan'ın bağımsızlığı için çabalarken, aynı tarihlerde Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK de Türkiye'nin bütünlüğü ve bağımsızlığı için Türk ulusu ile beraber Kurtuluş mücadelesinin içindeydi. Bütün bu benzer gelişmeler içinde er ya da geç iki liderin yollarının kesişmesi de sürpriz olmamıştır. 1 Mart 1921 yılında ilk Türk-Afgan antlaşması Moskova'da yapılmış olup bu antlaşmadan sonra Türkiye, Afganistan'a bir temsilci göndermiş ve Afganistan da Türkiye'ye bir temsilci göndererek siyasi ilişkiler başlamıştır. Aynı zamanda Afganistan bağımsızlığını kazandıktan sonra ülkeye yönelik reformlara başlayan Kral Amanullah Han ilk isyanla 1924 yılında karşılamıştır. Türkiye ile Afganistan arasındaki ilişkiler, Kral Amanullah Han'ın Türkiye'yi ziyareti ile daha üst düzeyde yükselmiştir. Kendisi bir asker olan Mustafa Kemal Atatürk sahip olduğu ileri görüşlülük ve jeopolitik kültür ile Türkiye'nin konumunu çok iyi değerlendirmiş, ülkeyi o dönemde akıl ve bilimin öncüsü olan batıya doğru götürmeyi hedeflerken bile doğudan ilgisini kesmemiş ve Türkiye'nin doğusunda yer alan Türk ve İslam ülkeleriyle yakından ilgilenmiştir. Orta Asya Türk dünyasının güney ucunda yer alan ve genç Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'ni tüm Müslüman halkların kurtarıcısı olarak gören Afganistan, Türklerin dünyaya açılan kapısı olduğunu Mustafa Kemal Atatürk iyi değerlendirmiş ve bu sebeple Afganistan'a özel bir önem vermiştir. Bu doğrultuda Afganistan ile 25 Mayıs 1928 tarihinde ikinci antlaşmalarını imzalanmış ve Türkiye ile Afganistan iki dost ülke olarak geleceğe doğru daha da ilişkilerini güçlendirerek bir dayanışma içine girmişlerdir. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ve Amanullah Han'ın, Afganistan'ın modern bir ülke haline getirme düşüncesi içinde oldukları açıkça anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak Afganistan'ın toplumsal dinamiklerinin katılığı, Amanullah Han ülkenin nabzını iyi tutamaması ve aceleci yaklaşımları sebebiyle büyük bir hayal kırıklığına uğramış ve isyanlar ve ayaklanmalar sebebiyle tahtı bırakarak ülkeden uzaklaşmak zorunda kalmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Afganistan, Amanullah Han, Ankara, Moskova, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti.Afghanistan is due to its geographical position and the strategic importance of having, in the pages of history it has taken place in the country and lock the target. As an outgrowth of this idea B.C. 500's since the year Iranians, Macedonians, Jokes, Akkhunians, Arabs, Gazneinans, Kharazımshas, Mongols and Mughals as seized by many states current Afghan territory, steep mountains and the harsh geograph In 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani created by the political union known as the Afghanistan and since the early 19th century Britain and Tsarist Russia has hosted the struggle for hegemony given the relentless struggle with the imperialist powers Taking gained independence with success. After his father's death in 1919, the board of King Amanullah Khan, After the third Afghan-British war strive for the independence of Afghanistan, By the same date Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in Turkey's integrity and independence of the Turkish nation was in the liberation struggle with. Similar improvements in all this sooner or later the road was not surprised at the intersection of the two leaders. 1 March 1921 In the first Turkish-Afghan agreement is made in Moscow after this treaty Turkey has sent a representative to Afghanistan Afghanistan and political relations began sending a representative to Turkey. At the same time after winning the independence of Afghanistan began to reform the country for the first revolt was met King Amanullah Khan in 1924. The relations between Turkey and Afghanistan, King Amanullah Khan's visit to Turkey has risen to a higher level. He is a soldier, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk owned foresight and culture of Turkey's geopolitical position has been very well evaluated, at that time the country's leading science and reason, which aims to bring even been cutting interest westward from the east and the east of Turkey and Turkey has been concerned with Islamic countries. Central Asian Turks to located and young Republic of Turkey on the southern end of the world all the Islamic nations of the Savior in seeing Afghanistan evaluated the Turks is the gateway to the world of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk well and has a special importance, therefore, of Afghanistan. In this regard, they entered the second agreement signed on 25 May 1928 and the two friendly countries as Afghanistan and Turkey and Afghanistan into further strengthening the solidarity relationship into the future. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and Amanullah Khan, in Afghanistan it is clear that the idea of making a modern country. However, the social dynamic stiffness of Afghanistan, Amanullah Khan was forced to escape the country's pulse and AMAS good pinch hasty approach due undergone a major disappointment and rebellion and revolt due to the country flowing throne here. Key Words: Afghanistan, Amanullah Khan, Ankara, Moskova, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), Turkish National Assamble, Turkish Repablic
The life-works and art of Mustafa Balel
No full textMustafa Balel (1945- ) 1972'de Yeni Ortam'da başlayıp günümüze uzanan yazarlık hayatında toplumsal gerçekleri konu etmesi ve ayrıntıları sivriltmesi ile döneminin yazarlarından ayrılır. Sanat hayatı boyunca başta öykü olmak üzere roman, anlatı, gezi yazısı ve çocuk edebiyatı alanlarında eserler vermiştir. Balel, toplumdaki yapıyı eserlerinde okura sunmuştur. Bu bağlamda yazar, Türk toplumunun sanıldığı gibi ataerkil değil anaerkil bir yapıda olduğu görüşünü savunmaktadır. Bu durum eserlerinde baskın kadın tiplerini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Yazarlık hayatı boyunca hiçbir zaman realizmden kopmayan Balel, yaşamın kendisini eserlerine taşımıştır. Bunu yaparken de gerçekleri olduğu gibi söyleyen çocuk anlatıcılardan yararlanmıştır. Toplumdaki sosyoekonomik yapıya dayanan sınıf ayrımını eserlerinde vurgulayan yazar, toplumsal gerçekçi bir çizgiye sahiptir. Daha çok aile, şiddet, kadın hâkimiyeti, yalnızlık ve göç temalarını konu etmiştir. Ele aldığı toplumsal konulara paralel olarak dilde de halktan kopuk bir tutum izlemeyen Balel, daha çok halkın yöresel söyleminde yer edinen deyim ve atasözlerinden faydalanmıştır. Bu karakteristik özellikleri farklı edebî türlerde kaleme aldığı eserlerinin tamamında görülür.Mustafa Balel (1945- ) whose career as a novelist started with Yeni Ortam (New Circumstances) in 1972 and pursued up to now is distinguished from his contemporaries as depicted social realities and sharpened details. During his art career, he produced novels, stories, narration, itineraries and works in children?s literature. Balel has presented the social structure to readers. In this context, the author argues that Turkish society is not a patriarchal as supposed but matriarchal. This case has lead to dominant women characters in his works. Balel, who have always stuck to realism, reflected his own life in his works. While doing this, he made use of children narrators who tell the truth as it is. The author who emphasizes social stratification in his works which is based on socioeconomic structure follows a social realistic line. In his works, he mostly treated family, violence, women dominancy, loneliness and immigration. In parallel with social issues he handled, Balel used idioms and proverbs established in people?s local language and thus did not have a language style different from people. This characteristic is seen in all his works in different literature genres
The use of interactional metadiscourse : a comparison of articles on Turkish education and literature
No full textThis study aims to determine the use of interactional metadiscourse in articles from the domains of Turkish language and literature. The study employed a descriptive research model to examine 20 articles from the Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute (all articles were published between 2010 and 2015 and each has only a single author). Of these randomly selected articles, 10 were on Turkish language education and 10 were concerned with Turkish literature. Hyland and Tse's metadiscourse model was adopted to examine markers of interactional metadiscourse in all fundamental parts of these articles. For the evaluation of the obtained data, the content analysis technique and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to determine whether the interactional metadiscourse demonstrates any significant differences regarding the domains of Turkish language education and literature. Experts were consulted to ensure the reliability of the research. As a result, this study revealed that there is more use of interactional metadiscourse markers in the field of Turkish language education than in the field of literature, and this difference is significant, according to the Mann-Whitney U test. Further, it was found that hedges and boosters demonstrate a significant difference in studies on Turkish language education and literature; however, no significant difference in the uses of attitude markers, engagement markers, and self-mentions was observed.This study aims to determine the use of interactional metadiscourse in articles from the domains of Turkish language and literature. The study employed a descriptive research model to examine 20 articles from the Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute (all articles were published between 2010 and 2015 and each has only a single author). Of these randomly selected articles, 10 were on Turkish language education and 10 were concerned with Turkish literature. Hyland and Tse's metadiscourse model was adopted to examine markers of interactional metadiscourse in all fundamental parts of these articles. For the evaluation of the obtained data, the content analysis technique and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to determine whether the interactional metadiscourse demonstrates any significant differences regarding the domains of Turkish language education and literature. Experts were consulted to ensure the reliability of the research. As a result, this study revealed that there is more use of interactional metadiscourse markers in the field of Turkish language education than in the field of literature, and this difference is significant, according to the Mann-Whitney U test. Further, it was found that hedges and boosters demonstrate a significant difference in studies on Turkish language education and literature; however, no significant difference in the uses of attitude markers, engagement markers, and self-mentions was observed
Muslim Girl magazine article Girl Scout Glory
No full textTen color images of Muslim Girl magazine article Girl Scout Glory by A.Z. Khan; March/April 2007, p. 19 - 27. Shazia Faizi was the troop leader for Muslim Girl Scout Troop 496 and connected to the magazine. Shazia is the Director for Al Mustafa. Girls Scout troop L to R: Asama Hassan, Zenab Nawaz, Aisha Hassan, Laela Omar, Safia Hassan, and Hanna Omar.
NGOs, Micro-finance and Poverty Alleviation: Experience of the Rural Poor in Pakistan
No full textNon-governmental organisations (NGOs) continue to be the global ‘flavour of the month’ in international development. They are regarded as “outside” actors perceived to work in the interests of the poor, and in the absence of the state, many NGOs have taken on vital role in the provision of basic services to the poor. The institutional and political environment is attuned to privatisation in whatever form it takes. NGOs are another expression of this trend, but in the case of NGOs no real disillusionment phase has yet set in. But still NGOs remain the favoured vehicle for grass-roots involvement and community development in many countries. The present paper seeks to delineate the role of NGOs in micro finance and study their aggregate impact on poverty reduction in rural Pakistan as a result of micro finance efforts. The paper is organised in four sections. Section I commences with the concepts, promises and limitations of NGOs as a vehicle of micro finance. Section II summarises the record of performance of NGOs in Pakistan. In particular, the role, achievements and set-backs of two noted NGOs in Pakistan, Agha Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) and National Rural Support Programme (NRSP). Which are studied by examining aggregate impact of these NGOs on poverty reduction as result of their micro finance efforts. Section III examines the poverty profile and presents summary of the role of NGOs in the context of poverty lending and, finally Section IV concludes the analysis and proposes some policy recommendations.
Heft Meclis Mustafa Âli of Gallipolli
No full textXVI yy. Osmanlı aydın ve tarihçilerinden olan Gelibolulu Mustafa Âlî’nin tarihi konuda verdiği eserlerinden birisi olan Heft Meclis Kânûnî Sultan Süleyman’ın son seferi olan Sigetvar’ı ve II. Selim’in cülûsunu anlatmaktadır. Tarih bakımından ehemmiyeti olan bu eserin, edebi yönden de büyük kıymet iktiza ettiğini söylemek gerekir. Çünkü eseri incelerken olaylardan fazla olayların aktarılışının ön planda olduğunu görmek mümkün. Bilinen birçok şeyin edebi bir dille, özen ve itina ile anlatıldığı hem edebi hem de tarihi yönden birçok kıymete haiz bu eser, H.980 (14 Mayıs 1572-2 Mayıs 1573) tarihinde Mustafa Âlî tarafından kaleme alınmış ve Sadrazam Sokollu Mehmed Paşa’ya sunulmuştur.
Müellifin bu eseri adından (Heft) da anlaşılacağı üzere yedi bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci Meclis; Besmele, hamdele salvele, gazaların önemi, övgüler ve dualar ile başlamış; İkinci Meclis; Padişahın sefere hareketi ve ilk mola yeri hakkında; Üçüncü Meclis; Vezirlerin alayları ve savaşın başındaki görüşleri hakkında; Dördüncü Meclis; Savaşın başlaması, kızışması düşmanların mağlup edilmesi hakkında; Beşinci Meclis; Padişahın vefat etmesi ve Sigetvar’ın fethi vezir-i ‘âzamın padişahın vefatını saklamsı; Altıncı Meclis; II.Selim’in saltanata geçmesi, askerin Sigetvardan geri dönüşte padişahla buluşması hakkında; Yedinci Meclis; Eserin yazılma sebebi ve müellifin arz u hali hakkındadır.In XVI century. one of the writings as an Ottoman intellectual and historian Mustafa Âlî of Gallipolli left is Heft Meclisi tells Sigetvar the last campaign of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman (Lawmaker Solomon) and accession of Selim II. We should say that this writing which has historical importance has also literary value. That is why it is possible to recognize the style is in the foreground than the events while examining the writing. This book which told lots of known things in a strong literary language with a big care was written in, 980 H. (14 May 1572-2 May 1573) by Mehmed Âlî and in the same year was presented to Grand Vizier Sokullu Mehmed Pasha.
Author’s book named as (Seven) is consisted of seven sections. First Assembly: is started with the name of God, thanksgiving, praising Muhammad and prayer; Second Assembly: is about the march of the sultan and first stop point; Third Assembly: is about regiments of viziers and their views about the campaign; Fourth Assembly: is about the start of campaign, proceeding and defeating of enemy; Fifth Assembly: is about death of Sultan, conquest of Sigetvar and hidden death news by grand vizier; Sixth Assembly: is about ascension of Selim II. to throne and meeting of soldiers and sultan during the return from Sigetvar; Seventh Assembly: is about the reason of this work and request of author
Reforms of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
No full textŠā darba saturs ir veltīts biogrāfijai, personiskai dzīvei, kara karjerai un reformām Turcijā Mustafa Kemala Ataturka valdes laikā.
Galvenā uzmanība ir pievērsta viņa reformām Turcijā.
Teorētiskā daļā autors apraksta Mustafa Kemala Ataturka īsu biogrāfiju, viņa personisko dzīvi, kara karjeru, piedalīšanos pirmā pasaules kara gados, politiskas karjeras sākumu un viņa dzīves beigas. Analītiskā darba daļa ir veltīta viņa reformu aprakstam.
Pētījuma rezultātā autors atnāk pie secinājuma, ka Mustafa Kemala Ataturka uzdevums tika noslēgts izmaiņās un iekšējas valsts uzlabojumā.
Uz izdarīto secinājumu bāzes autors var apgalvot, ka šis cilvēks pie dzīves bija dižens reformators.
Šo darbu var izmantot Mustafa Kemala Ataturka dzīves ceļa un valsts darbības studēšanā.The content of this work is devoted to the biography, a private life, military career and reforms in Turkey during board Mustafy Kemalja Atatjurka.
The main attention is given to its reforms in Turkey.
In a theoretical part the author describes brief biography of Mustafa Kemal Atatjurk , its private life, military career, participation within the first world war, the beginning of political career and the end of its life. The analytical part of work is devoted to the description of its reforms.
As a result of research the author comes to conclusion, that problem Mustafa Kemal Atatjurk has been concluded in variation and improvement of internal state schedules.
This work can be used in studying a vital way and state activity Mustafa Kemal Atatjurk
The necessity for specific legislation in controlling flood disasters in Malaysia / Nurul Jannah Mustafa Khan
No full textThis article which is drawn from an ongoing research on the laws relating to flood disaster attempts to examine the necessity of a specific legislation to govern flood disaster management system. This involves, amongst others, an examination on the National Security Council Directive No. 20, and also other legislations such as the Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974, the Drainage Works Act 1954 and Land Conservation Act 1960 that play a part during the occurrence of flood. In this article, a comparative analysis with the legal position in Queensland, Australia through their Disaster Management Act 2003 is made as it would provide some guidelines for Malaysia to learn in providing a specific legal framework governing flood system to effectively manage flood
THE RULE OF ABAQA KHAN IN ANATOLIA AND HIS PERSONALITY
No full textThe Mongols established a great empire under the leadership of Genghis Khan within a short period of time governed both Asia and Europe. The Mongols, who launched frequent raids until the reign of Mongke Khan, attacked the Muslim world after having established a great army through consensus. Hulagu Khan, who led the great army via Turkistan and Iran and reached Iran, destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate and founded an empire lying on the lands of Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan and Syria. The Ilkhanids, a vassal of the Great Mongol Khanate, secured their hegemony all over the Muslim-inhabited lands, except Egypt. Following Hulagu Khan's death, his elder son, Abaqa, became the khan. Abaqa Khan followed the policies of his father and kept the oppressive policies against Muslims in the region. This study aims at investigating the religious motives of Abaqa Khan's political maneouvres on the Ilkhanid lands and its vassal states. Abaqa Khan's religious personality, religious educatian and culture, his stance towards religion, his relations with the clergy, and its reflections on the policy are also concerned in this paper. Particularly, the effects of his religious thoughts and practices on the Sultanate of Rum and Anatolian Muslims will be discussed
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