455 research outputs found
Kharaj and land proprietary right in the sixteenth century: An example of law and economics
No full textKharaj (land-tax) has been a controversial subject since the formative period of Islamic jurisprudence. It is said that Muslim jurists have been very conservative while dealing with the subject of kharaj. But this is wrong perception or opinion. The Controversy have mainly been revolved around the kharaj-payer's relationship with the land he owned or cultivated. This nature of relationship was necessary, for in circumstances it alone determined what to do with the kharaji land. A host of problems surfaced over the centuries and the Muslim jurists dealt with them differently. The later jurists, specially during the Ottoman period, face situations which did not exist in early period. So they were compelled to develop their own thoughts over a number of issues and in so doing they had to differ from their predecessors. It may, therefore, be argued that the Islamic law on kharaj has never been rigid and static.Land-tax, Land property, Kharaj,Ottoman Economic History, Islamic Economic Thought, Law and Economics.
The Bahr al-Madhi of Shaykh Muijammad Idris al-Marbawi: a preliminary analysis
No full textThe Bahr al-Madhi of Shaykh Muhammad Idris al-Marbawi can be aptly considered as one of the greatest literary masterpiece of Malay Muslim scholarship in the twentieth century. It was composed as a commentary to the Jamie al-Tirmidhiand the only one of its kind to have been written in the Malay language. Perhaps, due to the lack of awareness, the book has not received attention or been the subject of any study or scrutiny by contemporary researchers. It is therefore, the intention of this preliminary exposition on the book in terms of its scope, content and analysis of the methodology of its author to pave the way for further analysis and studies in the future
Sufisme dalam Perspektif K.H. Muhammad Idris Jauhari
No full textThis article explores Sufism in the perspective of K.H. Idris Muhammad Jauhari. It will also reveal the patterns of his mystical thought. In this study, the author finds that: firstly, in the view of Kiai Jauhari, Sufism is an attempt to straighten out the intention of heart and to understand the essence of deeds conducted by human beings in order to live a life to reach its final destination in accordance with the will of the Creator. Secondly, the patterns of Kiai Jauhari’s mystical thought are: a). Sufism developed by Kiai Jauhari built on a tradition of tasawuf akhlâqî (consistency to maintain Islamic orthodoxy, humanist Sufism, activist and functional, dichotomous relationship pattern between the servant and the Lord as well as the urgency of dhikr Allâh in the spiritual journey toward the Lord), b). Sufism developed and offered by Kiai Jauhari is an effort to redefine and reorient so that Sufism in both theoretical and practical aspect is no longer positioned as being elitist, mystical, and individualist. Kiai Jauhari has developed inclusive Sufism, which is easily accessible by all people. Thirdly, according to Kiai Jauhari there are six steps to become a Sufi, are: îqân al-nafs (convincing one’s self), taqwîn al-niyyah (straightening intention), al-dirâsah wa al-istitlâ‘ (learning and studying), al-tafakkur wa al-tadabbur (thinking and contemplation), al-takhallî wa al-tahallî (emptying and filling), and al-tajallî (manifestation).</p
Diagnosis of hepatoma using grayscale and Doppler ultrasound in patients with chronic liver disease
No full textWasim A Memon, Zishan Haider, Mirza Amanullah Beg, Muhammad Idris, Tanveer-ul-Haq, Waseem Akhtar, Sidra IdrisRadiology Department, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan Every author contributed equally to the workObjective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of liver ultrasound for the detection of hepatoma in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients by either taking histopathology or serum &alpha;-fetoprotein levels or a biphasic computed tomography (CT) scan (whichever is available) as the gold standard.Study design: Cross-sectional.Place and duration of study: Radiology Department, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2007 to January 2010.Methods: A total of 239 patients (156 males and 83 females) with clinical suspicion or surveillance of hepatoma in CLD referred to the radiology department for ultrasound evaluation followed by either liver biopsy and histopathology or serum &alpha;-fetoprotein level or biphasic CT scan.Results: The sensitivity of ultrasound for hepatoma detection in CLD was 65%, specificity was 85%, and accuracy was 70%, and positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 92% and 45%, respectively.Conclusion: Ultrasound is a relatively quick, safe, reasonably accurate, and noninvasive imaging modality for the detection of hepatoma in CLD and can be complemented with clinical assessment of screening high-risk patients.Keywords: hepatoma, ultrasound, radiology, chronic liver diseas
Tindakan Preventif Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam Terhadap Eksistensi Paham Radikal Di Sekolah
No full textThe development of the era goes hand in hand with human thought which is capable of touching various aspects of life, including religion. Many groups of people who are too excessive in studying religion in a way that is not right that ultimately results in the emergence of deviations of thought that deviates from the true nature which later became known as radical. Bearers of this radical understanding are also trying to spread their doctrine to various groups including the dominant schoolchildren who have a high level of curiosity. The purpose of writing this article is to provide education to several parties especially Islamic Religious Education teachers to address the spread of radical understanding in the school environment. The method that author use in this article is library research by gathering various library information. This article describes various efforts to promote radical understanding in spreading its doctrine and preventive actions that can be implemented by Islamic Religious Education teachers in schools
Implementasi Teknik Ecoprint Sebagai Strategi Peningkatan Kesadaran Lingkungan pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
No full textThe 2024 Community Service Program (KKN) used the Sisdamas model (Community Empowerment-Based Community Service), with the theme "Implementation of Ecoprint Techniques as a Strategy to Increase Environmental Awareness Among Elementary School Students." The author designed several programs to support this theme, including: (1) assessing the community's and students' awareness of utilizing natural materials, (2) enhancing children's creativity in using natural resources, (3) socializing the ecoprint technique to students, and (4) facilitating free ecoprint workshops. This activity aimed to raise environmental awareness among students at SD Negeri Buah Batu through a participatory approach. The program was implemented on August 15, 2024, involving 5th-grade students actively in every phase, from the introduction of the ecoprint concept to hands-on practice using the pounding technique with leaves as the primary material. The results showed an increase in students' understanding and skills in using natural materials to create eco-friendly artistic products while also reinforcing their awareness of environmental preservation. This program proved effective in integrating environmental education values with creative, hands-on practices, encouraging students to care more about the environment through enjoyable and meaningful activities
Analysis of the Effect of Centrifugal Pump Suction Height on Pump Capacity and Efficiency
No full text71Pompa adalah peralatan mekanis untuk meningkatkan energi tenakan pada cairan (fluida) yang dipompa dengan mengubah energi mekanis poros penggerak menjadi energi potensial dan energi kinetis fluida. Seiring berkembangnya teknologi, pompa digunakan diberbagai bidang termasuk pemakaiannya dalam bidang indsutri. Pompa Sentrifugal merupakan salah satu jenis pompa yang mempunyai lingkup penggunaan yang sangat luas terkait dengan head dan kapasitas yang dihasilkan. Pada kesempatan ini penulis mencoba memaparkan hasil penelitian tentang unjuk kerja pompa sentrifugal bila dilakukan variasi tinggi hisap pada pompa sentrifugal akan mempengaruhi kapasitas, Head, Daya Hidraulis dan effesiensi pompa sentrifugal. Variasi tinggi hisap dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui peningkatan performance pompa yang terjadi akibat penambahan tinggi hisap pompa. Menambah tinggi hisap pompa sangat berpengaruh terhadap kapasitas aliran air yang dihasilkan, hal ini juga akan mempengaruhi kerja pompa, kecepatan spesifik, daya dan efesiensi pompa. Sehingga dapat diperoleh titik kerja tertinggi pompa sentrifugal dengan Kapasitas (Q) 0,001180 m3/s, Head (H) 6,066 m, Daya Hidraulis (Ph) 70,008 watt, Effesiensi (ɳp) 26,51 %, hal tersebut berpengaruh bila dilakukan penambahan daya dari motor penngerak pompa tersebut. The pump is a mechanical device to increase the force energy of the pumped fluid (fluid) by converting the drive shaft mechanical energy into potential energy and fluid kinetic energy. Along with the development of technology, pumps are used in various fields including their use in the industrial sector. Centrifugal pump is one type of pump that has a very wide scope of use related to the head and capacity produced. On this occasion, the author tries to explain the results of research on the performance of centrifugal pumps. When variations in suction height are carried out on a centrifugal pump, it will affect the capacity, head, hydraulic power and efficiency of the centrifugal pump. the variation in suction height is intended to determine the increase in pump performance that occurs due to the addition of the pump suction height. Increasing the suction height of the pump greatly affects the capacity of the resulting water flow, this will also affect pump work, specific speed, power and pump efficiency. So that it can be obtained the highest working point of a centrifugal pump with a capacity (Q) 0.001180 m3 / s, Head (H) 6.066 m, Hydraulic Power (Ph) 70,008 watts, Efficiency (ɳp) 26,51 %, this has an effect when adding power from the motor driving the pump
Implementation of Khiyar Ta'yin in Online Flash Sale Product Purchase Transactions
No full textThe khiyar right that provides specific information related to similar products but different in quality is khiyar ta'yin. In practice, in purchasing flash sale products in the TikTok Shop marketplace, there are comments and testimonial columns contain various consumer experiences related to the products they have previously purchased, in the comments and testimonial columns there are also reviews related to product information both in terms of quality and so on, but many consumers who use testimonials and comments as a reference feel cheated in terms of product quality because it does not match the contents of the information provided in the testimonial reviews and comments on the TikTok Shop marketplace. With the formulation of the problem, namely first, how is the implementation of khiyar ta'yin in online flash sale product purchase transactions on the TikTok Shop marketplace according to the review of muamalah fiqh, second, how do Sharia Faculty students view testimonials and user comments as a reference in finding product information to be purchased. The purpose of the research is to find out the implementation of khiyar ta'yin in online flash sale product purchase transactions on the TikTok Shop marketplace according to muamalah fiqh review, and to find out the views of Sharia Faculty students on testimonials and user comments as a reference in finding product information to be purchased by consumers.This research uses qualitative research with an empirical normative approach, with primary data sources, namely the results of interviews with 20 students of the Faculty of Sharia UIN Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda and secondary data consisting of the book of Fikih Muamalah, Kitab Bulughul Maram, and Kitab tafsir Ibn Kathir, journals, scientific articles, and other scientific works. The data were obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation, then the author analysed the data with descriptive qualitative methods.The results showed that the implementation of khiyar ta'yin in flash sale product purchase transactions on the TikTok Shop marketplace is not fully in accordance with fiqh muamalah because traders and buyers do not know about khiyar ta'yin so that the form of implementation of khiyar ta'yin carried out by sellers and buyers occurs by itself with business ethics to achieve benefits in the form of an element of willingness between traders and . and from the results of the interview there are still several cases of consumers who feel cheated, so from this product description, testimonials and comments there is still an element of gharar in it and can cause mafsadah to other consumers, And from the results of the interviews there are still several cases of consumers who feel cheated, so departing from this product description, testimonials and comments there is still an element of gharar in it and can cause mafsadah to other consumers
Dampak Covid-19 terhadap Perekonomian Masyarakat Ditinjau dari Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah
No full textThe purpose of this study was to find out how big the impact of the covid-19 virus was on the economy of the people in the city of Medan, how did the people of the city of Medan anticipate being able to carry out their lives and how did the Medan city government take action to deal with the covid-19 virus. Data collection and retrieval was carried out by means of field research through observation and interviews with direct companies and obtained from respondents through questionnaires, focus groups, panels and also data from the results of direct interviews with researchers with informants and direct observation of the object or company where the author conducted the research. Economic growth which resulted in an almost recession and greatly decreased made all economic activists feel threatened by the spread of the pandemic, because it resulted in limited activities and also unusual economic activity. Islamic economics guarantees private ownership but also prioritizes common interests. So that private property can be used to help many people and be of benefit to others. The downturn in the Indonesian people's economy has also resulted in a number of outlets, or companies causing bankruptcy, and even dismissals have occurred in various companies which have also resulted in unemployment everywhere
The application of Shari’ah and international human rights law in Saudi Arabia
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel UniversityThe present dissertation provides an analytical and comparative study of the application of Islamic law (Shari’ah) and international human rights law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It provides an analysis of the sources of Islamic law as well as the sources of international law to set the background for analysis and defines the nature of both laws. It also tackles the subject of the domestic application of international human treaties in Saudi Arabia.
In addition, it examines some reservations Saudi Arabia has entered to some of the international human rights treaties it has ratified, specifically the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). It also sheds some light on the political, cultural and religious obstacles to the realisation of norms protected by international human rights treaties in the country, and in other countries for that matter, clearly stating the impossibility of implementing the provisions of the international human rights treaties in their entirety. This is due to the various political and legal developments towards the internationalization of the concept of human rights. It observes that despite the existence of the international human rights treaties, which aim at reinforcing a universal realisation of international human rights, these rights cannot be possibly realised by all countries.
To stress the importance Saudi Arabia attaches to the issue of human rights, the dissertation discusses some rights of women before Saudi courts in family matters, an issue which has been criticised by some international human rights treaties, and examines to what extent the country has managed to tackle the issue of domestic violence, particularly violence against women. It provides an overview of the major causes of domestic violence against women in Saudi Arabia, presents some cases of domestic violence before Saudi courts and sheds some light on the measures taken by the Saudi government to combat domestic violence against women. It also tackles this issue both in the international and domestic legal frameworks, clearly stating the Islamic standpoint on the issue, namely that Islamic law, and Saudi Arabia for that matter, whose laws are essentially derived from the two main sources of Shari’ah. It also discusses the common forms of violence against women in Saudi Arabia and suggests a number of recommendations towards more effective protection of women against violence in the country.
The dissertation concludes by presenting a number of obstacles in the way of executing judicial decisions in the Kingdom as well as the obstacles which negatively affect the performance of the new code of law practice. It also presents some recommendations concerning personal status law obstacles and hindrances to progress and attempts to answer the research questions it has posed
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