180,315 research outputs found
Learning Arabic in Ashwat Science (Khalil Bin Ahmad Perspective)
No full textIn learning Arabic, Al-Ashwat plays an important role in understanding a language. There is a lot of literature that states that studying and studying al-Ashwat must take precedence before studying and studying other components and skills of language. There are several Arab figures or scientists who study the science of ashwat, but in this study the author only focuses on the figure of ashwat, namely Khalil bun Ahmad. The purpose of this study is to find out the role, contribution, and thoughts of Khalil bin Ahmad in the science of ashwat in Arabic language learning. And to know the development of Arabic sciences in the hands of al-Khalil bin Ahmad al-Farahidi. This research is included in the type of qualitative research using library research methods. The source of data from this study is the book 'Ilmu al-Aswad al-'Arabiyyah by Muhammad Jawad An-Nuuri, articles, journals, papers, theses, and encyclopedias. Data collection techniques in this study by a) collecting literature related to Khalil bin Ahmad's thoughts in ashwat, b) classifying books, documents, or other sources, c) quoting Khalil bin Ahmad's views according to the context of the research focus, and d) grouping data according to research systematics. And the results of this study are: That Khalil bin Ahmad's role in the science of ashwat was to introduce the use of dots and harakat, he also marked the sound of dhammah with a small waw letter above the letter, the sound of fathah with alif written horizontally, and the sound of kasrah with a lowercase ya' that connects under the letter. And as for the contribution and development of Arabic language sciences in the hands of khalil bin Ahmad in the science of ashwat including in pioneering the formulation of Nahwu and Sharf rules.
Dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab, Al-Ashwat memegang peranan penting dalam memahami suatu bahasa. Telah banyak literatur yang menyebutkan bahwa mempelajari dan mengkaji al-Ashwat wajib untuk didahulukan sebelum mempelajari dan mengkaji komponen dan keterampilan kebahasaan yang lainnya. Ada beberapa tokoh atau ilmuwan Arab yang mengkaji tentang ilmu ashwat, tetapi pada penelitian ini penulis hanya berfokus pada tokoh ilmu ashwat yakni Khalil bun Ahmad. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran, kontribusi, serta pemikiran Khalil bin Ahmad dalam ilmu ashwat pada pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Dan untuk mengetahui perkembangan ilmu-ilmu bahasa Arab di tangan al-Khalil bin Ahmad al-Farahidi. Penelitian ini termasuk kedalam jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode library research. Sumber data dari penelitian ini berupa kitab ‘Ilmu al-Aswad al-‘Arabiyyah karya Muhammad Jawad An-Nuuri, artikel, jurnal, makalah, skripsi, dan ensiklopedia. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dengan a) menghimpun literatur yang berkaitan dengan pemikiran Khalil bin Ahmad dalam ilmu ashwat, b) mengklasifikasi buku, dokumen, atau sumber lainnya, c) mengutip pandangan-pandangan Khalil bin Ahmad sesuai dengan konteks fokus penelitian, dan d) mengelompokkan data sesuai dengan sistematika penelitian.Dan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwasanya peran khalil bin ahmad dalam ilmu ashwat yakni memperkenalkan penggunaan titik dan harakat, beliau juga menandai bunyi dhammah dengan huruf waw kecil diatas huruf, bunyi fathah dengan dengan alif yang ditulis horizontal, dan bunyi kasrah dengan huruf ya’ kecil yang menyambung dibawah huruf. Dan adapun kontribusi dan perkembangan ilmu-ilmu bahasa Arab di tangan khalil bin Ahmad dalam ilmu ashwat diantaranya yaitu dalam merintis formulasi kaidah-kaidah Nahwu dan Sharf
An in vitro study of the interactive effect of 24 binary and ternary mixtures from the GHS classification groups
No full textAzzi, R., Hayes, A., Khalil, C., & Winder, C. (2005). An in vitro study of the interactive effect of 24 binary and ternary mixtures from the GHS classification groups. ALTEX, 22, 128.PublishedN/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Reimagining Haj Khalil v. Canada
No full textThis paper emphasizes the importance of cultural competence for tort law by analyzing the Federal Court’s decision in Haj Khalil v. Canada. Given that this symposium in honour of Rose Voyvodic’s life and work is entitled “Re-Imagining Access to Justice,” this paper asks “how do the principles of cultural competence allow us to think about the facts of the Haj Khalil differently. In particular, what would a cause in fact analysis look like if it were informed by the principles of cultural competence?” My analysis proceeds by “reading the silences” or focusing on the unstated assumptions and unexplored elements of Haj Khalil’s story to bring into focus factors relevant to factual causation which remain largely unexplored or undervalued by the Federal Court. An examination of the facts that framed Haj Khalil`s claim against immigration officials through a culturally competent lens would open the possibility of a different understanding of causation as it arises on the facts of the case. While Canadian courts have emphasized the importance of social context for fair judgment, they have not fully come to grips with the implications of social context for judicial decision-making. This is particularly the case within negligence law which remains vexed by the need to maintain an objective standard while simultaneously recognizing the importance of context and circumstance to particular claims.
Cet article souligne l’importance de la compétence culturelle pour le droit de la responsabilité civile délictuelle en analysant le jugement Haj Khalil c. Canada de la Cour Fédérale. Vu que ce symposium en honneur de la vie et de l’oeuvre de Rose Voyvodic est intitulé « Re-Imagining Access to Justice», cet article pose la question «comment les principes de compétence culturelle nous permettent-ils de concevoir différemment les faits de Haj Khalil. En particulier, comment se présenterait la causalité si l’analyse des faits était éclairée par les principes de compétence culturelle?» Mon analyse s’effectue en «interprétant les silences» ou en portant l’attention sur les suppositions inexprimées et les éléments inexplorés du récit de Haj Khalil afin de mettre au point des facteurs pertinents à la causalité factuelle qui restent en grande partie inexplorés ou sous-évalués par la Cour Fédérale. Un examen des faits sur la base desquels était formulée la réclamation de Haj Khalil contre les officiers de l’immigration dans une optique faisant preuve de compétence culturelle ouvrirait la possibilité d’une compréhension différente de la causalité telle qu’elle se présente basée sur les faits en l’espèce. Quoique les cours canadiennes aient souligné l’importance du contexte social pour des jugements équitables, elles ne sont pas complètement venues aux prises avec les implications du contexte social pour la prise de décision juridique. C’est particulièrement le cas pour le droit de la négligence qui demeure embêté par le besoin de maintenir une norme objective tout en reconnaissant l’importance du contexte et des circonstances d’une réclamation particulière
C. — Façade ancienne de Wekâlat al-Qotn
No full textSimaïka Marcus H., Falaky Khalil Mahmoud el-, Omar Ahmad, Sayed Metoualli, Pauty Edmond. C. — Façade ancienne de Wekâlat al-Qotn. In: Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe. Fascicule 36, exercice 1930-1932, 1936. pp. 33-34
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Laboratory investigation into the modification effect of paving bitumen with different plastomeric polymers
No full textThe use of polymer/bitumen modified blends in road paving applications has been increasingly advancing from the technological point of view. Plastomeric polymers are known to be amongst the most used in bitumen modification. Therefore, this paper presents the influence and degree of modification of several plastomeric modified bitumen in terms of rheological properties and morphology. Conventional tests such as penetration grade, Ring-and-Ball softening point and storage stability were performed. Rheological properties of the modified blends were characterized in terms of dynamic mechanical analysis via frequency sweep tests using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The morphology of the samples is investigated by means of fluorescent light optic microscopy. New processed and mixed polymers are introduced in the analysis. The results confirm that the fundamental properties and morphology of the modified bitumen are directly dependent on the type of polymer in use. Overall, the polymer-modified bitumen improves the original bitu-men properties: remarkably stable blends were spotted with overall good performing properties. The micro-scope pictures provide useful information on the different type of interaction between the polymers and the bitumen
A new genus and a new species of onchidiid slugs from eastern Indonesia (Gastropoda: Euthyneura: Onchidiidae)
No full textGoulding, Tricia C., Khalil, Munawar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Dayrat, Benoît (2018): A new genus and a new species of onchidiid slugs from eastern Indonesia (Gastropoda: Euthyneura: Onchidiidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 337-349, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.535890
Ichthybothrium ichthybori Khalil 1971
No full textIchthybothrium ichthybori Khalil, 1971 (Figs. 3, 6, 9, 13, 14) Syns: “immature Bothriocephalus ” of Woodland (1936); “unidentified ptychobothriid cestode” of Khalil (1969, 1971a). Type host: Ichthyborus besse (Joannis) (Characiformes: Ichthyboridae). Other definitive host: Ichthyborus quadrilineatus (Pellegrin) (new host). Type locality: White Nile near Khartoum, the Sudan. Distribution: Upper Guinea – Sierra Leone (Moa River in Mano or Pujehun); Nile basin – the Sudan (Khartoum and Kostí). Prevalence and intensity of infection: Nile, Kostí, the Sudan; 67 %, n = 6, intensity 15–35 (Khalil 1971 b); 50 %, n = 4, intensity 1–8 (present study). Type material: Holotype – incomplete worm on 2 slides (USNPC 71666) and 2 paratypes – 3 worms on 3 slides (USNPC 71667). Material studied: Type material (USNPC 71666, 71667); vouchers: several slides collected by W.N.F. Woodland from I. quadrilineatus in Sierra Leone (BMNH 1977.3.28.147– 179); new material: 9 specimens from Kostí, the Sudan (IPCAS C- 455). Published records: Woodland (1936); Khalil (1969, 1971a, b); Kuchta et al. (2008 b). Re-description (based on 3 mature and 6 immature worms from Kostí; measurements of holotype in brackets): Bothriocephalidea, Bothriocephalidae. Strobila up to 10.0 [4.2] cm long; maximum width 3.7 [1.5] mm. External and internal segmentation weakly developed; segments variable in shape from wider than long to longer than wide, acraspedote (Fig. 13). Two pairs of longitudinal osmoregulatory canals; dorsal canals narrow (diameter up to 10); ventral canals wide (diameter up to 15), connected by transverse anastomoses. Inner longitudinal musculature weakly developed, formed by few muscle fibres. Surface of strobila uniformly covered with capilliform filitriches. Scolex oval to lanceolate, much narrower than anterior part of strobila (Figs. 3, 13), 490–630 [495] long by 340–530 wide [413]. Apical disc absent. Bothria shallow, elongate, 240–360 [360] long by 140–200 [186] wide (Fig. 3). Surface of scolex covered with capilliform filitriches; tumuliform globular structures not observed (Fig. 6). Neck absent, first segments appear immediately posterior to scolex (Fig. 13). Strobila with immature segments very long, representing up to 93 % [58 %] of total length. Mature segments, i.e. with spermatozoa in vas deferens, of two markedly different forms (morphotypes): longer than wide (486–614 by 374–529) [749 – 1,187 by 564–700] with one genital complex per segment or much wider than long (315–557 by 3,370–3,745) with two or three genital complexes per segment; segment length/width ratio 1.08–1.09 [1.19–1.78] or 0.08–0.16 (Figs. 13, 14). Gravid segments longer than wide (736–831 by 374–523) [1,080–1,280] or wider than long (425–621 by 2,550–3,360); segment length/width ratio 1.59–1.96 [1.50–1.74] or 0.13–0.24. Testes medullary, oval, 37–69 [48–57] in number per proglottid (110–120 testes in segments with duplicate or triplicate proglottides), 36–50 long by 22–43 wide [77–96 by 54–69], forming 2 narrow longitudinal bands (20–36 [22–29] testes per band), confluent between segments, absent medially and near lateral margins (Fig. 14). Cirrussac large, thin-walled (thickness of sac wall up to 32 [35]), spherical, 107–143 in diameter [106–135]; equatorial to pre-equatorial (at 42–50 % [41–48 %] of length of mature segment from anterior margin). Vas deferens forms numerous loops anterolateral to cirrus-sac, cirrus unarmed, opening into genital atrium (Fig. 14). Genital pore dorsal, sub-median, pre-equatorial (at 8–12 % [4–10 %] of length of mature segment from anterior margin), enlarging in gravid segments (Fig. 14). Ovary asymmetrical, elongated or V-shaped, lobulate, 41–143 [131–213] long by 135–394 [186–251] wide (Fig. 14). Vagina a straight, thin-walled tube, with sac-like extension in proximal part, 64–83 [44–60] long by 23– 52 [26–27] wide, opens posterior to cirrus-sac into genital atrium; vaginal sphincter absent (Fig. 14). Vitelline follicles numerous, small, spherical, 10–25 [30–45] long by 17–35 [25–30] wide, cortical, form 2 wide longitudinal bands confluent between segments, separated medially, rarely connected by several follicles in postovarian region (Fig. 14). Uterine duct forms numerous tightly coiled loops, filled with eggs, enlarged in gravid segments. Uterine pore thick-walled, opens slightly posterior to midlength of uterus. Eggs oval, thin-walled, operculate, unembryonated, 38–46 [45–50] long by 27–30 [32–33] wide (Fig. 9). Remarks: This tapeworm was described by Khalil (1971 b) from the Sudan and placed in a newly proposed genus Ichthybothrium Khalil, 1971. It is characterized by a lanceolate scolex, which is narrower than the anterior end of the strobila (Figs. 3, 13) and possesses shallow bothria, but no apical disc. The strobila has weakly developed segmentation and its large proportion (more than 90 % in some specimens) consists of immature proglottides without genital complexes (called “pregenital region” by Khalil 1971 b). Specimens recently collected near the type locality differ markedly from the type specimens in the shape of the segments and number of genital complexes per segment, with duplication or even triplication of genital complexes (proglottides) within mature and gravid segments (Kuchta et al. 2008 b). Marked differences in the size of the worms may be influenced by crowding effect, because worms in more heavily infected hosts (intensity of infection 8–35 worms) are smaller (maximum length 6.2 cm) and consist of just a few mature and gravid segments, which are longer than wide (length/width ratio 1.08–1.96: 1) and usually contain only one genital complex (Khalil 1971 b) (Fig. 13). In contrast, tapeworms from mono- or light infections are up to 10 cm long, their strobila is formed by numerous mature and gravid segments, which are much wider than long (length/width ratio 0.08–0.24: 1), and each of them contains two or even three genital complexes (Kuchta et al. 2008 b; present study) (Fig. 14). Khalil (1971 b) correctly reported the cortical position of vitelline follicles in the diagnosis of I. ichthybori, but erroneously described vitelline follicles to be medullary in the diagnosis of the genus. The surface of the scolex and strobila was studied using SEM for the first time and a uniform pattern of capilliform filitriches was observed. Khalil (1971 b) also reported the presence of “minute hair-like processes” on the scolex and “long hair-like processes” around the uterine pore, which may also represent capilliform filitriches (Fig. 6). However, tumuliform globular structures commonly observed in many bothriocephalideans (Kuchta et al. 2008 b), including all other studied species, are missing in I. ichthybori (Fig. 6). Ichthybothrium ichthybori is a rather frequent parasite of Ichthyborus besse, with high prevalence of infection (50–67 %) and a relatively high intensity of infection. However, its fish host is rare and thus only a limited number of records of this tapeworm exist in the literature. Examination of several slides with immature cestodes designated as “immature Bothriocephalus ” from Neoborus quadrilineatus (= Ichthyborus quadrilineatus) collected by W.N.F. Woodland in Sierra Leone (BMNH 1977.3.28.147– 179) (Woodland 1936) has shown that they belong to I. ichthybori.Published as part of Kuchta, Roman, Burianová, Alena, Jirkú, Miloslav, Chambrier, Alain, Oros, Mikuláš, Brabec, Jan & Scholz, Tomáš, 2012, Bothriocephalidean tapeworms (Cestoda) of freshwater fish in Africa, including erection of Kirstenella n. gen. and description of Tetracampos martinae n. sp., pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 3309 on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3309.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28099
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