12,174 research outputs found
La Bibbia nelle letterature germaniche medievali
No full textÈ certamente un luogo comune affermare che la Bibbia è il testo fondamentale della cultura occidentale. Il fatto che si tratti di un luogo comune, tuttavia, non rende l’affermazione meno vera: per tutta l’epoca medievale il testo biblico è fondamento imprescindibile delle credenze socialmente accettate, è modello di comportamento etico, è repertorio di storie esemplari che permettono di assegnare un senso agli eventi storici come al vissuto quotidiano. La partecipazione dei popoli germanici alla costruzione del sistema culturale europeo, dalla tarda antichità fino all'età moderna, è percorsa e pervasa dai processi di traduzione, rielaborazione e riuso dei libri dell’Antico e del Nuovo Testamento. I contributi raccolti in questo volume offrono apporti interessanti e spesso originali ai molti ambiti di discussione sul testo biblico, inserendo così la riflessione dei filologi germanici italiani nel più ampio dibattito internazionale e contribuendo in misura significativa a svilupparlo e ad approfondirlo
Human-AI Collaboration in Academic Writing: towards a Synergy Model and A Case to Include AI as a Co-Author
No full textAs generative AI systems such as ChatGPT and Gemini 2.5 become increasingly integrated into academic workflows, the question of their legitimacy, limitations, and potential in scholarly writing has become urgent. This paper presents a reflexive case study of a sustained collaboration between a domain expert in consciousness studies and Gemini 2.5, culminating in the co-authorship of a peer-reviewed research article. By analyzing exactly 37,440 words of recorded interactions, we identify patterns of synergy, including recursive refinement, conceptual amplification, and accelerated manuscript development. We argue that when guided by a knowledgeable human author, AI can act as a cognitive partner rather than a passive tool—amplifying scholarly creativity and improving efficiency without compromising academic rigor. The case supports a '1+1=3' synergy model for co-authorship, in which human steering and AI fluency converge to produce novel insights and polished output faster and more effectively than either could achieve alone. The findings advocate for a paradigm shift from prohibitive policies to the responsible, expert-guided integration of AI in academic research and writing, grounded in transparency and accountability, and present arguments for why the AI tool should be listed as a co-author despite current injunctions against such practice
Lasciti pro anima, espressioni devozionali e committenza artistica ai Frari: una prima indagine sui testamenti veneziani del Trecento
No full textNell’ottica medievale, attraverso i lasciti pro anima elargiti per via testamentaria i fedeli avrebbero potuto trarre giovamento nella prospettiva della salvezza eterna grazie all’impiego del denaro accumulato in vita nella realizzazione di opere pie. Come è stato dimostrato a proposito di molte realtà urbane, tra le varie forme di espressione della devozione talvolta possono comparire le richieste relative all’ornamento di altari o sepolture, secondo le precise volontà dichiarate dai devoti laici nei propri testamenti o in base alle necessità degli enti religiosi. In questa indagine sulla committenza nell’ambito dell’Ordine dei Minori a Venezia, contesto finora scarsamente considerato dagli studi, l’esame di un nutrito campione di atti testamentari redatti nel corso del Trecento ha permesso di offrire uno spaccato delle manifestazioni della fede della società veneziana dell’epoca e dell’attaccamento nei confronti dei religiosi da parte dei laici, che si estese senza conoscere confini sociali, incontrando il favore sia dei ceti nobiliari sia di quelli di più bassa estrazione. L’edificazione dell’attuale chiesa di S. Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, principiata agli inizi del quarto decennio del XIV secolo, costituì per svariati benefattori un’occasione per poter contribuire finanziariamente alla costruzione e alla decorazione della nuova chiesa. Dopo aver richiamato le principali fasi costruttive note della chiesa, si sono dunque delineate le maggiori tendenze dei testatori individuando le varie tipologie delle elemosine emerse nel corso della ricerca, mettendo inoltre in rilievo le scelte relative ai vari spazi destinati all’inumazione. I numerosi dati raccolti hanno infatti messo in luce la grande quantità di richieste di sepoltura presso varie zone dell’insediamento, che da un lato offre degli spunti di riflessione in merito all’andamento dei lavori dell’ecclesia nova, e dall’altro permette anche di attestare la presenza di monumenti funebri e altari privati in contesti più insoliti. A questo proposito è stato individuato l’interessante caso, finora inedito, di un altare posto nell’infermeria del convento dinanzi al quale il suo patrono Pietro Badoer aveva predisposto la collocazione della propria arca. Fin dove la documentazione lo ha consentito, si sono inoltre approfondite le vicende di monumenti tuttora esistenti come le tombe di Simonetto e Francesco Dandolo, e si sono rinvenute informazioni su committenze di opere andate perdute, di cui altrimenti non si avrebbe avuto notizia. Infine, è stato proposto per alcuni frati, i cui nomi ricorrono spesso negli atti testamentari, l’eventualità di un coinvolgimento attivo nella gestione delle elemosine pro anima
Lasciti pro anima, espressioni devozionali e committenza artistica ai Frari: una prima indagine sui testamenti veneziani del Trecento
No full textNell’ottica medievale, attraverso i lasciti pro anima elargiti per via testamentaria i fedeli avrebbero potuto trarre giovamento nella prospettiva della salvezza eterna grazie all’impiego del denaro accumulato in vita nella realizzazione di opere pie. Come è stato dimostrato a proposito di molte realtà urbane, tra le varie forme di espressione della devozione talvolta possono comparire le richieste relative all’ornamento di altari o sepolture, secondo le precise volontà dichiarate dai devoti laici nei propri testamenti o in base alle necessità degli enti religiosi. In questa indagine sulla committenza nell’ambito dell’Ordine dei Minori a Venezia, contesto finora scarsamente considerato dagli studi, l’esame di un nutrito campione di atti testamentari redatti nel corso del Trecento ha permesso di offrire uno spaccato delle manifestazioni della fede della società veneziana dell’epoca e dell’attaccamento nei confronti dei religiosi da parte dei laici, che si estese senza conoscere confini sociali, incontrando il favore sia dei ceti nobiliari sia di quelli di più bassa estrazione. L’edificazione dell’attuale chiesa di S. Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, principiata agli inizi del quarto decennio del XIV secolo, costituì per svariati benefattori un’occasione per poter contribuire finanziariamente alla costruzione e alla decorazione della nuova chiesa. Dopo aver richiamato le principali fasi costruttive note della chiesa, si sono dunque delineate le maggiori tendenze dei testatori individuando le varie tipologie delle elemosine emerse nel corso della ricerca, mettendo inoltre in rilievo le scelte relative ai vari spazi destinati all’inumazione. I numerosi dati raccolti hanno infatti messo in luce la grande quantità di richieste di sepoltura presso varie zone dell’insediamento, che da un lato offre degli spunti di riflessione in merito all’andamento dei lavori dell’ecclesia nova, e dall’altro permette anche di attestare la presenza di monumenti funebri e altari privati in contesti più insoliti. A questo proposito è stato individuato l’interessante caso, finora inedito, di un altare posto nell’infermeria del convento dinanzi al quale il suo patrono Pietro Badoer aveva predisposto la collocazione della propria arca. Fin dove la documentazione lo ha consentito, si sono inoltre approfondite le vicende di monumenti tuttora esistenti come le tombe di Simonetto e Francesco Dandolo, e si sono rinvenute informazioni su committenze di opere andate perdute, di cui altrimenti non si avrebbe avuto notizia. Infine, è stato proposto per alcuni frati, i cui nomi ricorrono spesso negli atti testamentari, l’eventualità di un coinvolgimento attivo nella gestione delle elemosine pro anima
Meaningful human control: actionable properties for AI system development
No full textHow can humans remain in control of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems designed to perform tasks autonomously? Such systems are increasingly ubiquitous, creating benefits - but also undesirable situations where moral responsibility for their actions cannot be properly attributed to any particular person or group. The concept of meaningful human control has been proposed to address responsibility gaps and mitigate them by establishing conditions that enable a proper attribution of responsibility for humans; however, clear requirements for researchers, designers, and engineers are yet inexistent, making the development of AI-based systems that remain under meaningful human control challenging. In this paper, we address the gap between philosophical theory and engineering practice by identifying, through an iterative process of abductive thinking, four actionable properties for AI-based systems under meaningful human control, which we discuss making use of two applications scenarios: automated vehicles and AI-based hiring. First, a system in which humans and AI algorithms interact should have an explicitly defined domain of morally loaded situations within which the system ought to operate. Second, humans and AI agents within the system should have appropriate and mutually compatible representations. Third, responsibility attributed to a human should be commensurate with that human’s ability and authority to control the system. Fourth, there should be explicit links between the actions of the AI agents and actions of humans who are aware of their moral responsibility. We argue that these four properties will support practically minded professionals to take concrete steps toward designing and engineering for AI systems that facilitate meaningful human control.Interactive IntelligenceDesign AestheticsCyber SecurityHuman-Robot InteractionEthics & Philosophy of TechnologyHuman Information Communication DesignWeb Information System
A Two-Dimensional Explanation Framework to Classify AI as Incomprehensible, Interpretable, or Understandable
No full textBecause of recent and rapid developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI), humans and AI-systems increasingly work together in human-agent teams. However, in order to effectively leverage the capabilities of both, AI-systems need to be understandable to their human teammates. The branch of eXplainable AI (XAI) aspires to make AI-systems more understandable to humans, potentially improving human-agent teamwork. Unfortunately, XAI literature suffers from a lack of agreement regarding the definitions of and relations between the four key XAI-concepts: transparency, interpretability, explainability, and understandability. Inspired by both XAI and social sciences literature, we present a two-dimensional framework that defines and relates these concepts in a concise and coherent way, yielding a classification of three types of AI-systems: incomprehensible, interpretable, and understandable. We also discuss how the established relationships can be used to guide future research into XAI, and how the framework could be used during the development of AI-systems as part of human-AI teams.Accepted author manuscriptInteractive Intelligenc
Using Generative AI in Research
No full textThe slides accompany a workshop that is intended for graduate students to learn more about generative AI in the context of the research lifecycle. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license so that others may share and adapt the content for other purposes as long as appropriate credit is provided to the author of the work. To access the Google slides, click here: https://bit.ly/Library_AI_Research
Learning Objectives
At the end of the session participants will be able to:
Demonstrate a basic understanding of how AI tools work
Differentiate between grounded and ungrounded AI tools
Identify key considerations for grad students/researchers
Identify ways AI tools can be used to support the phases of the research lifecycle
Identify main areas of concern with using AI tools
Outline the steps and potential resources for evaluating and citing AI outpu
The AI Author in Litigation
No full textMany scholars have posited whether a computer possessing Artificial Intelligence (AI) could be considered an author as defined per the Copyright Act of 1976. What was once a thought experiment is now becoming reality. To date, scholarship has focused primarily been on whether an AI meets the requirements of authorship from a purely objective legal framework or whether an AI could be an author based on the doctrines of incentives, independent creation, and creativity.
However, a burden inherent in the rights and liabilities of authorship is the ability to be held liable if that author’s expressive work is infringing on another’s. A cause of action is meaningless if a copyright owner cannot enforce it by suing the infringer or if the infringer is judgement-proof. Thus, when contemplating whether an emancipated AI—or any non-human—can be an author under the Copyright Act, part of that examination should be whether the AI which created the work can sue or be sued for infringement.
This article considers issues from the theoretical, like civil procedure and remedies, to the practical, such as legal representation and discovery. How is an AI served with a lawsuit? What would be an adequate, enforceable remedy for an AI’s infringement? Is an AI even bound by our laws? Additional questions—and procedural barriers—are raised when considering other roles an AI might play in an infringement action: as a witness, a co-party, or even a plaintiff seeking to protect its own creative expression.
This morass of legal headaches goes beyond any doctrinal issues regarding authorship, and provide ample reason to keep legal authorship in the hands of humans or entities controlled by humans—at least until legal procedure catches up to technological realities and possibilities for litigation that AI parties present
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The AI Author in Litigation
No full textMany scholars have posited whether a computer possessing Artificial Intelligence (AI) could be considered an author as defined per the Copyright Act of 1976. What was once a thought experiment is now becoming reality. To date, scholarship has focused primarily been on whether an AI meets the requirements of authorship from a purely objective legal framework or whether an AI could be an author based on the doctrines of incentives, independent creation, and creativity.
However, a burden inherent in the rights and liabilities of authorship is the ability to be held liable if that author’s expressive work is infringing on another’s. A cause of action is meaningless if a copyright owner cannot enforce it by suing the infringer or if the infringer is judgement-proof. Thus, when contemplating whether an emancipated AI—or any non-human—can be an author under the Copyright Act, part of that examination should be whether the AI which created the work can sue or be sued for infringement.
This article considers issues from the theoretical, like civil procedure and remedies, to the practical, such as legal representation and discovery. How is an AI served with a lawsuit? What would be an adequate, enforceable remedy for an AI’s infringement? Is an AI even bound by our laws? Additional questions—and procedural barriers—are raised when considering other roles an AI might play in an infringement action: as a witness, a co-party, or even a plaintiff seeking to protect its own creative expression.
This morass of legal headaches goes beyond any doctrinal issues regarding authorship, and provide ample reason to keep legal authorship in the hands of humans or entities controlled by humans—at least until legal procedure catches up to technological realities and possibilities for litigation that AI parties present
The Death of the AI Author
No full textMuch of the recent literature on AI and authorship asks whether an increasing sophistication and independence of generative code should cause us to rethink embedded assumptions about the meaning of authorship. It is often suggested that recognizing the authored — and so copyrightable — nature of AI-generated works may require a less profound doctrinal leap than has historically been assumed. In this essay, we argue that the threshold for authorship does not depend on the evolution or state of the art in AI or robotics. Rather, the very notion of AI-authorship rests on a category mistake: it is an error about the ontology of authorship.
Building on the established critique of the romantic author, we contend that the death of the romantic author also and equally entails the death of the AI author. Claims of AI authorship depend on a romanticized conception of both authorship and AI, and simply do not make sense in terms of the realities of the world in which the problem exists. Those realities should push us past bare doctrinal or utilitarian considerations about what an author must do. Instead, they demand an ontological consideration of what an author must be. Drawing on insights from literary and political theory, we offer an account of authorship that is fundamentally relational: authorship is a dialogic and communicative act that is inherently social, with the cultivation of selfhood and social relations being the entire point of the practice. This discussion reorientates debates about copyright’s subsistence in AI-generated works; but it also transcends copyright law, going to the normative core of how law should — and should not — think about robots and AI, and their role in human relations
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