1,720,972 research outputs found
Direitos do paciente e responsabilidade civil médico-hospitalar: (re)definição conceitual
No full textA responsabilidade civil do médico tem chegado sempre com maior freqüência aos tribunais, principalmente porque os atos médicos multiplicam-se vertiginosamente. Estima-se que são realizados, por ano, no Brasil, trezentos milhões de consultas e vinte milhões de atos cirúrgicos.
Em contrapartida, o direito brasileiro contemporâneo não dispensa ao tema a mesma atenção que se verifica, por exemplo, noutros países da família romano-germânica.
Aceitam-se, sem maiores perquirições, doutrinas tradicionais, de influência notadamente francesa, como a vetusta distinção entre obrigações de meios e de resultado. Outras tendências alienígenas são adoradas, ausente o imprescindível apuro exegético.
As nuanças da atuação médica apresentam, para o jurista, invulgar complexidade. A identificação da culpa médica, em qualquer das suas modalidades é atividade fundamental, a exigir criteriosa análise por parte dos advogados, promotores e juízes.
Duas correntes assumem maior força, na atualidade. A primeira, continua a radicar na responsabilidade subjetiva o exame dos danos resultantes da atividade profissional do médico; a segunda, tende a aplicar, também a esses profissionais liberais, princípios norteadores da responsabilidade objetiva, sob o influxo da doutrina protecionista ao consumidor de serviços. A teoria das cargas probatórias dinâmicas ou compartilhadas; a pura e simples inversão do ônus probatório; as presunções de culpa; a prova "prima facie" ou "in re ipsa" - próxima da "res ipsa loquitur", tão cara ao direito anglo-americano; a culpa e a causalidade presumidas ou virtuais - no contexto da "perda de uma chance de cura oh sobrevivência" - são alguns matizes a colorir o quadro atual da responsabilidade médica, indicando um agravamento no estatuto da culpa.
Técnicas processuais introduzidas recentemente em nosso ordenamento, como a tutela antecipatória, também são postas em prática, nas demandas que visam à apuração da culpa médica.
O aporte teórico das questões precede e subsidia a acurada verificação da jurisprudência nacional e comparada. As propostas conclusivas representam o contributo pessoal do autor para a solução dos diversos tópicos problematizadosCases involving medical malpractice are becoming more and more frequent in the Courts, mainly due to the fact that doctors' work is multiplying rapidly. It is estimated that three hundred million consultations and 20 million surgeries are done in Brazil every year and that there are one hundred and ninety thousand doctors working. Around nine thousand new doctors graduate every year from almost a hundred medical schools, some of them with a precarious infrastructure. Conversely, contemporary Brasilian law does not pay as much attention tc~ this situation as other countries of the Roman-Germanic system do. Traditional doctrines of a notably French influence are accepted without question such as the ancient distinction between contratual obligations of means and outcome. Other alien tendencies are adopted without the indispensable interpretative analysis. The nuances of medical conduct present the legal analyst with uncommor complexity. Being able to identify medical malpractice, in any of its many forms. is fundamental and demands painstaking analysis by lawyers, presecutors and judges. Two schools of thought are commonly voiced nowadays. The firs^1 continues to place subjective liability on the examination of damage caused resulting from the doctor's professional activity. The second tends to apply guidelines of objective liability to these professionals just as it does in the dotrine which protects the consumer when acquiring any kind of service. The theory of dynamic or shared proof, simply inversing the burden of proof, presumption of tort, evidence prima ^facie or in re ipsa - nearing res ipsa loquitur which is sc dear to Anglo-American law; tort and causality presumed or virtual - in the context of "loss of a chance of cure or survival" - are among the shades that colour the current state of medical liability, indicating greater severity in the case of tort. Prosecuting techniques wich have been introduced recently in our system. as the anticipatory protective measure, are also put into practice in the demands of an investigation into medical malpractice. The theoretical support for these matter precedes and subsidises precise verification of national and comparative rulings. Conclusive proposals represent the personal contribution of the author to the solution of the many topics in questio
Graus da culpa e redução equitativa da indenização
Get PDFApresenta um estudo sobre o artigo 944 do Código civil e a redução equitativa da indenização em duas hipóteses de aplicação, no domínio da responsabilidade civil do médico: na ausência de obtenção do consentimento informado e na perda de uma chance e quantificação da indenização. Versa sobre a eqüidade e a fixação da indenização, bem como sobre os graus de culpa e a desproporção entre culpa e dano
Responsabilidade civil do médico
Get PDFDivulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca
Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a
obra na íntegra.Localização na estante: 347.56:614.25(81) K44
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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