1,720,985 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Managing wild boar - Considerations for wild boar management based on game biology data: Grouping patterns, space use, dispersal, hunting impact, and hunting efficiency
Full text linkObjectives
To prevent economic problems by high wild boar populations, an effective and biologically based wild boar management has to be established. A lot of wild boar research has been done in the last decades. However, game managers were not able to incorporate this knowledge into the development of effective management strategies. Thus, furthermore studies have to be accomplished to expand wild boar science and management.
This thesis, based on a radiotelemetric study in southwestern Mecklenburg–Western Pomerania, presents research results on wild boar space use patterns, dispersal, grouping patterns and divisions. For all these measures I examined the influence of age classes and environmental factors affecting behavioural patterns (e.g. hunting, seasonal resources, seasonal requirements). Finally, I discussed efficiency and amount of hunting pressure of different hunting methods.
Results
The wild boar groups divided temporarily in 12.3 % of all observed localisations. We defined four types of divisions: short-term local, short-term extensive, long-term extensive and final division. The small home range sizes did not differ between age classes or group types with a slight tendency for larger home ranges of yearlings, especially in summer. The shift of summer home ranges was stronger in yearlings than in adults. Three space use patterns occurred in summer: field sows, commuters and forest sows. Only 15 % of all shot animals were shot outside their mothers’ home range, only one fourth of these “dispersed” animals were females. Males were shot at larger distances than females. Diurnal activity was positively influenced by daytime length, nutritional needs and fewer disturbances. Due to this reasons an impact of hunting was not clearly detectable. Hunting did influence activity and space use only in moderate intensities. Single hunt from hides is the dominating and an efficient hunting method. The sustainable harvest rate was not exhausted.
Conclusions
The small home ranges and low, male biased, dispersal rates denote strong site fidelity in all age and reproductive classes within female wild boar. The short distances and low dispersal rates, even within males, might be affected by all year round equably distributed high abundance of resources. Changed space use patterns in summer are mainly influenced by changed food availability. Although hunting was often presumed to be responsible for behavioural changes, little direct influences were observed in this study. The results reflect an interaction between habitat types, season, and nutritional needs on most behavioural patterns. Sound nutritional conditions and year-round low hunting pressure might be responsible for similar seasonal home ranges. Group fluctuations, occurrence of sub-groups as well as temporary and final divisions seem to be common behavioural patterns within wild boar groups, depending on age classes, reproduction, and seasonal nutritional supplies. Wild boar groups react flexible on several seasonal internal and extrinsic factors. The omnivore wild boar is enabled easily to adapt to various environments. Its wide eco-ethological plasticity enables the species to colonize new habitats and enlarge its distribution.
All over Europe hunting rates seem to be lower than reproduction of wild boar. To reduce populations and thus, damages, supplemental feeding should be reduced and hunting rates have to be increased especially for females, as all age classes of females are highly reproductive. Hunting management is the most important tool for disease and damage control. As all hunting methods caused similar and negligible disturbances in this study, efficiency should get top priority. The combination of different hunting methods is necessary for reduction on comprehensive areas.Ziele
Um ökonomische Probleme durch Schwarzwild zu vermeiden, muss eine effektive und biologisch fundierte Schwarzwildbewirtschaftung etabliert werden. Die Schwarzwildforschung hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark entwickelt. Trotzdem konnten viele Erkenntnisse nicht in eine effektive Bewirtschaftung umgesetzt werden. Daher sind Untersuchungen zur Erweiterung des Wissens um das Schwarzwild weiterhin wichtig.
Diese These, basierend auf einer radiotelemetrischen Studie im südwestlichen Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, präsentiert Ergebnisse zu Raumnutzung, Ausbreitung, Rottenverhalten und –teilungen. Für all diese Verhaltensmuster wurden Einflüsse der Altersklassen und anderer Faktoren wie Bejagung, saisonale Ressourcen und Bedürfnisse untersucht. Abschließend werden Effektivität und Störungseinfluss verschiedener Bejagungsmethoden diskutiert.
Ergebnisse
In 12,3 % der Lokalisationen waren die Rotten vorübergehend getrennt. Wir haben vier Trennungstypen definiert: kurzzeitig-lokal, kurzzeitig-extensiv, langzeitig-extensiv und final. Die kleinen Streifgebietsgrößen unterschieden sich kaum zwischen Altersklassen und Rottentypen. Überläuferbachen zeigten eine leichte Tendenz zu größeren Sommerstreifgebieten und verlagerten die Sommerstreifgebiete stärker als Familienrotten. Drei Raumnutzungsmuster waren im Sommer offensichtlich: Feldsauen, Pendler und Waldsauen. Lediglich 15 % aller erlegten Tiere wurden außerhalb ihres Mutterstreifgebietes geschossen, nur ein Viertel dieser „abgewanderten“ Tiere waren weiblich. Keiler wurden in größeren Distanzen als Bachen erlegt. Tagaktivität wurde positiv von der Tageslichtlänge, Nahrungsbedarf und geringer Störung beeinflusst. Aufgrund dieser Faktoren war ein Einfluss durch Bejagung nicht klar erkennbar. Bejagung beeinflusste Aktivität und Raumnutzung nur moderat. Die dominierende Jagdart „Einzeljagd auf dem Ansitz“ war durchaus effektiv, dennoch wurde die nachhaltige Zuwachsrate nicht abgeschöpft.
Schlüsse
Die kleinen Streifgebiete und niedrigen, keilerdominierten Abwanderungsraten deuten eine starke Standorttreue weiblichen Schwarzwildes in allen Altersklassen an. Die niedrige Abwanderung mit gleichzeitig geringen Distanzen, auch bei Keilern, dürfte durch ganzjährig gleichmäßig verteilte besonders günstige Ernährungsbedingungen beeinflusst sein. Unterschiedliche geänderte Raumnutzungsmuster werden vor allem durch unterschiedliche Nahrungsverfügbarkeiten beeinflusst. Obwohl oft Jagddruck als Hauptursache für Verhaltensänderungen angesehen wird, konnten in dieser Untersuchung nur ein geringer Einfluss der Jagd nachgewiesen werden. Die Ergebnisse reflektieren eine Interaktion zwischen Habitattypen, Jahreszeiten und Nahrungsbedarf auf die meisten Verhaltensmuster. Günstige Ernährungsbedingungen und ganzjährig gleichmäßig niedriger Jagddruck könnten für gleich bleibende saisonale Streifgebiete verantwortlich sein. Änderungen in der Rottenstruktur, Auftreten von Teilrotten sowie temporäre und finale Teilungen scheinen normale Verhaltensmuster beim Schwarzwild zu sein, abhängig von Altersklassen, Reproduktion und saisonalem Nahrungsangebot. Schwarzwildrotten reagieren flexibel auf diverse saisonale interne und externe Faktoren. Das omnivoren Schwarzwild ist befähigt, sich schnell an verschiedenste Umwelten anzupassen. Die große öko-ethologische Plastizität ermöglicht es dieser Art neue Lebensräume zu erschließen und sein Verbreitungsgebiet auszudehnen.
In ganz Europa scheinen die Jagdstrecken unter der Zuwachsrate des Schwarzwildes zu liegen. Um die Populationen, und damit die Schäden zu reduzieren, müssen Fütterungen reduziert und die Bejagung intensiviert werden. Dieses gilt insbesondere für die Bejagung von weiblichem Schwarzwild, da alle Altersklassen hohe Reproduktionsraten aufweisen. Jagdliche Bewirtschaftung ist das wichtigste Werkzeug zur Bekämpfung von Krankheiten und Wildschäden. Da alle Jagdmethoden in der vorliegenden Studie ähnlich geringe Störungen hervorrufen, sollte die Effektivität in den Vordergrund treten. Die Kombination verschiedener Jagdmethoden und Zusammenarbeit der Jäger ist zwingend erforderlich zur Reduktion der Schwarzwildpopulationen
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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