1,721,147 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
School lunch and short-term effects on children’s cognitive functions : Results from randomized crossover intervention studies
Full text linkStudies indicate that eating lunch temporarily impairs some aspects of adults' cognitive functioning. Studies of the short-term effects of lunch on child cognition are rare. This thesis provides the results of two randomized crossover intervention studies, which provide an initial insight into this topic. The Cognition Intervention Study Dortmund PLUS (CogniDo PLUS) and the Cognition Intervention Study Dortmund Continued (CoCo) examined the short-term effects of school lunch on the cognitive performance of children during afternoon lessons. CogniDo PLUS (n=215) investigated the short-term effects of school-lunch on children’s executive functions (EF) in the early afternoon (45 minutes after finishing lunch) and whether the postprandial cortisol increase mediates putative lunch effects on EF performance. The cognitive parameters task switching, updating working memory, and inhibition were tested using a computerized test battery. Saliva samples were used to assess cortisol directly before lunch and again at the beginning of the cognitive assessment after lunch. The results show that school lunch does not impair children's EF under real-life conditions. The study even indicates beneficial effects of school lunch intake after 45 minutes for the working memory updating. The postprandial cortisol increase in the range observed in CogniDo PLUS does not seem to be related with negative effects on the performance of EF, but even seem to mediate the beneficial effect of lunch on the working memory updating. CoCo (n=154) investigated the hypothesis of potential positive effects of school lunch on cognitive performance in the afternoon (90 minutes after finishing lunch). The measured parameters were task switching, updating working memory, and alertness. The data suggests that school lunch does not seem to have beneficial or detrimental effects on children’s cognitive functions in regard to the tests conducted in the early afternoon, since no significant results were shown after 90 minutes after finishing lunch. In conclusion, this thesis offers first insights into the short-term effects of school lunch on children’s cognitive performance in the afternoon. In contrast to findings in adults, the results indicate that children's cognitive performance respective the measured parameters are not impaired by lunch under real-life conditions. The postprandial cortisol increase in the range observed in our sample does not seem to be related with negative effects on EF, but even seems to mediate the beneficial effect of lunch on the working memory updating. However, beneficial effects regarding working memory updating seem to be restricted to a relatively short period of time after eating lunch (i.e. 45 minutes).Studien an Erwachsenen liefern Hinweise, dass das Mittagessen ausgewählte Parameter der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit kurzfristig negativ beeinflusst. Studien, in denen die kurzfristigen Effekte des Mittagessens in der Kindheit untersucht wurden, sind kaum existent. Diese Doktorarbeit stellt Ergebnisse zweier randomisierter Crossover Interventionsstudien dar, die erste Einblicke in diese Thematik geben. In den Studien “Cognition Intervention Study Dortmund PLUS” (CogniDo PLUS) und “Cognition Intervention Study Dortmund Continued” (CoCo) wurden die kurzfristigen Einflüsse eines Schulmittagessens auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit der Schüler im Nachmittagsunterricht untersucht. In der CogniDo PLUS (n=215) Studie wurden kurzfristige Einflüsse des Schulmittagessens auf exekutive Funktionen (EF) von Kindern am frühen Nachmittag (45 Minuten nach dem Essen) untersucht. Zudem wurde getestet, ob ein postprandialer Cortisolanstieg potentielle Effekte des Mittagessens vermittelt. Die Parameter Aufgabenwechsel, Aktualisierung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses und Inhibition wurden mittels einer computerbasierten Testbatterie erfasst. Speichelproben zur Messung des Cortisols wurden direkt vor dem Essen und den kognitiven Tests abgegeben. Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise darauf, dass die EF bei Kindern, (unter realen Bedingungen) nicht durch das Mittagessen beeinträchtigt werden. Es zeigte sich sogar ein positiver Effekt in der Aktualisierung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses 45 Minuten nach dem Essen. Der gemessene postprandiale Cortisolanstieg hatte keine negativen Auswirkungen auf die EF. Dieser scheint bei Kindern sogar eine vermittelnde Rolle bei der Verbesserung der Aktualisierung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses zu spielen. Die CoCo Studie (n=154) untersuchte die Hypothese, dass das Mittagessen positive Effekte auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit bei Kindern im Verlauf des Nachmittags hat (90 Minuten nach dem Essen). Dazu wurden die kognitiven Parameter Aufgabenwechsel, Aktualisierung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses und Alertness gemessen. Die Daten zeigen weder einen positiven noch einen negativen Einfluss des Essens auf die gemessenen Parameter nach 90 Minuten. Insgesamt liefert diese Arbeit erste Einblicke in die kurzfristigen Effekte einer Mittagsmahlzeit auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit bei Kindern am Nachmittag. Im Gegensatz zu Erwachsenen deuten die unter realen Bedingungen gemessenen Ergebnisse – bezogen auf die erhobenen Parameter – keine Verschlechterung der kognitiven Leistung bei Kindern durch das Mittagessen an. Der gemessene postprandiale Cortisolanstieg scheint nicht mit negativen Effekten in Verbindung zu stehen, sondern im Gegenteil den positiven Effekt des Essens auf die Aktualisierung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses zu vermitteln. Allerdings gelten diese positiven Effekte des Essens nur für eine kurze Zeitspanne nach dem Essen (d.h. 45 Minuten)
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Charakterisierung ausgewählter Einflussfaktoren auf die Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Full text linkDie Adipositas zählt heute zu den gravierendsten Gesundheitsproblemen und gesundheitspolitischen Herausforderungen in der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (Wabitsch et al., 2005). Weltweit werden durchschnittliche Prävalenzraten von 10 % Übergewicht bei Schulkindern angegeben (Lobstein et al., 2004). In Deutschland sind inzwischen jedes fünfte Kind und jeder dritte Jugendliche übergewichtig oder adipös (Pohlabeln et al., 2004). Weiterhin ist zu beobachten , dass das Ausmaß der Adipositas und damit die Anzahl extrem Adipöser in den letzten 20 bis 30 Jahren zugenommen hat (Kromeyer-Hauschild et al., 1999; Müller, 2000; Lobstein et al., 2004). Die Erkrankung wird als bedeutendster Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung eines Diabetes mellitus Typ II bei Kindern angesehen (Lobstein et al., 2004; Wyatt et al., 2006). Bei 10% dieser betroffenen Gruppe ist beispielsweise bis zum Erwachsenenalter mit einem Nierenversagen zu rechnen, das eine lebenslange Dialysebehandlung erfordert (Ebbeling et al., 2002). Diese bedrohliche Entwicklung mit ihren medizinischen Folgen muss auch im Zusammenhang mit der daraus resultierenden ökonomischen Belastung für das Gesundheitswesen gesehen werden. Die hohe finanzielle Last durch diese krisenhafte Situation wird sowohl für Entwicklungs- als auch für Industrieländer zukünftig nur schwer zu bewältigen sein
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