165 research outputs found
Maritime Security—The Architecture of Japan’s Maritime-Security System in the East China Sea
No full textThe security of Japan’s maritime borders is a top priority for the country’s government. The roles of the Japan Coast Guard and the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force are paramount in these security operations as Japan navigates an international landscape in the East China Sea complicated by an emboldened China
Law Enforcement Measures Against Chinese Maritime Militia
No full textThis article undertakes a comprehensive legal assessment of Chinese maritime militia vessels and their operations, employing a law enforcement perspective as the analytical lens. During peacetime, those vessels engage in fishing and low-intensity military activities but during armed conflict they transition to tasks like reconnaissance. Notably, these maritime militias are frequently deployed in what is commonly termed as gray zone scenarios, which lack a clearly defined designation as either peacetime or armed conflict. Their principal objective lies in asserting territorial claims without resorting to full-scale armed conflict. This article delves into an exploration of the legal status accorded to these vessels, examining whether they are entitled to the sovereign immunity afforded to warships and ships operated by a State for non-commercial purposes under international law. Additionally, it scrutinizes the question of whether maritime militias and their activities are subject to functional immunity (ratione materiae) under international law. It embarks on an investigation into the permissible law enforcement measures that a coastal State can undertake against these vessels within its various maritime zones. Additionally, it explores potential avenues through which a third State might exercise jurisdiction in collaboration with the coastal State, should the need arise
Law Enforcement over Fishery Activities in Contested EEZs
No full textThe Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) was introduced with the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. In the vast waters extending from the baselines to 200 nautical miles, the Convention allows coastal States to enjoy sovereign rights over―fishing resources but has created delimitation issues with neighboring States. Law enforcement is vital to maintain fishery order for sustainable utilization of resources in EEZs, even in the contested maritime zones. Therefore, in this paper, the mechanism of law enforcement in the complicated contested maritime zone is described, taking the Japan-China Fisheries Agreement as an example of a possible practical solution
A STUDY OF THE SHATTERED ZONE TYPE LANDSLIDE -The Character of Deposits from the Areas of Landslide in the Mikabu Terrain-
No full textThe author has walked for survey of the geology and geomerphology on some areas which arenotorious for their landslide in the Mikabu terrain of Shikoku.The results obtained are summerized as follows:1 ) The deposits of landslide areas consist of angular and subangular detrital materialswith small quantity of clay and subrounded graveles.2) The deposits have been deposited into the brooks of landslide areas, and the thicknessof those deposits is rather thin in contrast to the length of landsliding slope.The author has walked for survey of the geology and geomerphology on some areas which arenotorious for their landslide in the Mikabu terrain of Shikoku.The results obtained are summerized as follows:1 ) The deposits of landslide areas consist of angular and subangular detrital materialswith small quantity of clay and subrounded graveles.2) The deposits have been deposited into the brooks of landslide areas, and the thicknessof those deposits is rather thin in contrast to the length of landsliding slope
Experimental and Analytical Modeling of Natural Circulation and Forced Circulation BWRs: Thermal-Hydraulic, Core-Wide, and Regional Stability Phenomena
No full textCurrently, 434 nuclear power plants are in operation worldwide. 21% of them are known as Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs). These BWRs have pumps that cool their reactor cores (the forced circulation BWRs). In the design of new BWRs, ways to cool the core by a natural circulation flow, without pumps, also called natural circulation BWRs, are being considered. A possible disadvantage of natural circulation BWRs might be their susceptibility to instabilities, which could then lead to both flow and power oscillations. We distinguish between pure thermal-hydraulic stability - where the fission power is assumed to be constant - and coupled thermalhydraulic-neutronic stability - where the two-phase mixture in the core influences the fission chain reaction. The thermal-hydraulic stability of a prototypical natural circulation BWR (the ESBWR) has been investigated with the SIRIUS-N facility, which behaves, due to proper scaling, similarly to the ESBWR in its thermal-hydraulics. As a result of experiments, two distinct responses are found in the relation of the oscillation period to the time that liquid passes in the chimney, indicating that the driving mechanisms of the instabilities are different for low and high pressures. At low pressures (0.1 - 0.5 MPa), the observed instability was shown to be caused by flashing induced density wave oscillations. At high pressures (1.0 - 7.2 MPa), the observed instability was shown to be caused by density waves known as Type-I oscillations, since the void fractions in the chimney inlet and exit are out of phase, and the instability occurs at low quality. In order to simulate coupled thermalhydraulic-neutronic stability, void fractions in reactor core sections of the thermal-hydraulic loop were measured, and used for a realtime simulation of the modal point kinetics of reactor neutronics. Experiments are conducted for both a natural circulation BWR (the ESBWR) and a forced circulation BWR (the ABWR) configurations. These stability experiments showed that the ESBWR and the ABWR have a significant stability margin to the thermalhydraulic-neutronic instability.Applied Science
Theology of culture in a Japanese context: a believers' church perspective
No full textThis thesis explores an appropriate relationship between Christian faith and culture. We investigate the hallmarks of authentic theology in the West, which offer us criteria to evaluate Christianity in Japan. Because Christian faith has been concretely formed and expressed in history, an analysis and evaluation of culture is incumbent on theology. The testing ground for our research is Japan, one of the most unsuccessful Christian mission fields. Thus this is a theology of culture in a Japanese context. Through a dialogue with H. Richard Niebuhr, John Howard Yoder, and Stanley Hauerwas, we embrace a believers' church perspective as our basic vision. The believers' church critically evaluates culture and seeks to transform it by standing on the boundary between the Kingdom of God and the world, and voluntarily participates in the redemptive suffering of God with the creature. It strives to be faithful to God and to imitate Jesus Christ, instead of seeking to control the world. It trusts in God; for it is He, and not we, who is in charge of history. Examination of Japanese Christian history is conducted in the light of the criteria above, in order to consider how Japan responded to Christianity. The criteria help us see the problem of nationalism both in superficial Christianity in Japan and in Constantinian Christianity in the West. We discuss three major Japanese theologians: Kazoh Kitamori, Yasuo Furuya, and Hideo Ohki. They help us refine our criteria for suffering, for theological assessment of Japan, and for the nature of believers' church as covenant community. We find in our investigation that although Christianity has always been in a minority in Japan, the church in Japan - like the church in the West - inclines to be co-opted by political powers, which is a core problem
A SEARCH FOR INTERSTELLAR HDO
No full textT. Furuya, S. Saito, & M. Araki, J. Chem. Phys. 127, 244314 (2007)T. Araki & S. Saito, J. Chem. Phys. 128, 034311 (2008)Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago; Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, Fukui University, Fukui, Japan; Caltech Submillimeter Observatory; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and Department of Chemistry, University of ChicagoThe recent laboratory discoveries of submillimeter wave spectra of deuterated hydronium ions, HDO} and HDO,} have opened up the possibility to search for these fundamental deuterated molecular ions in dense clouds where deuterium fractionation occur efficiently. We have used the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory to search for the 0~~1 transition at 673.257007 GHz in IRAS16293A and Oph D. So far the freezing of CO and N has been the main issue of the depletion and deuterium fractionation, but this work adds new information on depletion and deuteration chemistry of O and O. Our observational results and analyses will be presented
Distribution of Landslide Area in Shikoku
No full textThe distribution map of the landslide areas in Shikoku is shown in this paper. The author discusses on some characteristics of the relationship among landslide area distribution, geology and geomorphology, and takes his stand on the opinion that the shattered zone type landslide is an important factor in the formation of structural relief. Furthermore, the author states the shattered zone type landslides are not always due to geological structure only, and the rock properties have important influence which are subjected to fracture by tectogenesis
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