130,873 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Tour(ist)ing Post-Apartheid South African Theatre: The Works of Brett Bailey, Yael Farber, and Mpumelelo Paul Grootboom in (Inter)National Production
No full textAfter the fall of apartheid in 1994, South Africa and its theatre-makers faced a pressing question: what now? This thesis investigates how three South African dramatists negotiated the exigencies of theatre production in post-apartheid South Africa. Brett Bailey, Yael Farber, and Mpumelelo Paul Grootboom developed idiosyncratic theatrical forms experimenting with notions of “authentic” South African identity, both theatrically and culturally. Through inventive theatrical recombinations, all three dramatists formed canons around particular South African performance traditions and cultural sources. The first half of this thesis analyzes the negotiations of these new, divergent forms as “authentic” (re)presentations of South Africa as a whole.
The latter half of this thesis scopes out to interrogate the effects of such authorizing structures on an international scale. Deploying theories of tourism and museum cultures from John Urry, Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, and others, this thesis asserts that international theatre festivals create “museums of plays” for global spectators. These festivals privilege particular forms of theatre, namely the “Hegemonic Intercultural Theatre” defined by Daphne P. Lei, which typically constructs syncretic “intercultural” works by adding “cultural” (i.e. non-Western) elements to Western stories and structures. Like tourism and museum cultures, the international theatre market places great value on “authentic” cultural objects, creating an exchange market for variably different cultural products.
The impacts of these systems on post-apartheid South African theatre are multiple. Notably, between 2003 and 2008, all three dramatists premiered new works that directly reimagined European source material (MoLoRa, Orfeus, and Foreplay). Such appropriation of “Western” cultural material raises important questions concerning the long-term trajectory of South African theatre. Namely, lacking dedicated funding domestically, South African theatre-makers have often found larger audiences and profits from touring their works to international theatre festivals, primarily those located in Europe. With both textual sources and productions tending towards Euroamerican spectators, South African theatre faces the threat of becoming “South African” product shaped primarily by international beliefs of and demands for “South Africa.” Thus, the international traffic and travel of South African theatre over the past two decades begs the very question of South African theatre’s putative “South Africanness.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Motor Variability and Gait Complexity Responses to Load Carriage and Imposed Locomotion Patterns
No full textMilitary occupational tasks are often characterized by the addition of load carriage. Further, during loaded gait tasks, warfighters are required to maintain a walking gait despite ambulating at velocities individuals would normally jog at. The latter locomotion pattern is colloquially known as forced-marching. Not surprisingly, warfighters incur a high incidence of lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries (MSI). Load carriage has been implicated as a primary culprit in the incidence of MSI. However, it remains unclear what effect load carriage and forced-marching have on motor control. PURPOSE: The primary purpose was to determine the interactive effects of load magnitude and locomotion patterns have on motor control. The secondary and tertiary purposes were to determine the influence of sex and task completion ability on motor control respectively. METHODS: Twenty-six recruit aged men and women executed 10-minute trials of running and forced-marching with no load (BW) and with an additional 45% (+45%BW) and 55% (+55%BW) of body weight separately. Trials were executed at a velocity 10% above gait transition velocity. 3x2 (load*locomotion) RMANOVA were conducted on each outcome separately. Significance set at =.5. RESULTS: As load increased, relative variability increased independent of locomotion pattern. Forced-marching exhibited more relative variability than running. Stride length and stride time exhibited long-range correlation and pink noise fractal dimension regardless of condition. By contrast stride speed exhibited stochasticity (white noise). Women had greater long-range correlation and lower fractal dimension compared to men. Non-completers only had significantly greater stride length variance compared to completers. DISCUSSION: Healthy recruit individuals were able to adapt load carriage and forced-marching by regulating the coupling parameter (stride speed) more strictly. Motor variability was expanded in the null space with structured temporal variance to achieve a prescribed velocity. The expanded range of motor variability may come at a penalty of various cost functions such as kinetic and postural stability costs. As a result, prolonged execution of forced-marching with load may exacerbate MSI risk. Further in a dimensionally rich ‘natural’ setting, an individual may not be able to optimize motor control to handle load carriage
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
- …
