1,721,036 research outputs found
Overview of mesenchymal stem cells
No full textStem cells are unprogrammed cells which possess plasticity and self renewal capability. The term of stem cell was first used to describe cells committed to give rise to germline cells, and to describe proposed progenitor cells of the blood system [1]. A unique feature of stem cell is to remain quiescent in vivo in an uncommitted state. They serve as reservoir or natural support system to replenish cells lost due to disease, injury or aging. When triggered by appropriate signals these cells divide and may become specialized, committed cells; however being able to control this differentiation process still remains one of the biggest challenge in stem cell research [2]. The cell division of stem cells is a distinct aspect of their biology, since this division may be either symmetric or asymmetric. Symmetric division takes place when the stem cells divides and forms two new daughter cells. Asymmetric division is thought to take place only under certain conditions where stem cells divides and gives rise to a daughter cell which remains primitive and does not proliferate, and one committed progenitor cell, which heads down a path of differentiation. Asymmetric division of stem cells helps reparative process, and also ensures that the stem cells pool does not decrease, whereas symmetric division is responsible for stem cells undergoing self renewal and proliferation. The factors which prompt the stem cells to undergo asymmetric division are, however, not well understood, but it is clear that the delicate balance between the self renewal and differentiation is what maintains tissue homeostasis
Pseudogenes and host specialization in the emergent bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa
No full textBeyond Xylella, Integrated Management Strategies for Mitigating Xylella fastidiosa Impact in Europe (BeXyl) (Grant Agreement 101060593). Partner/Coordinador principal: Blanca B. Landa del Castillo, Investigadora Científica del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC).Pseudogenes are regarded as "junk" DNA, representing vestigial functions no longer needed for fitness. Accordingly, a higher number of pseudogenes in a bacterial human pathogen was previously hypothesized to be a hallmark of host specialists. In this study, we tested this hypothesis on the emergent bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) to link pseudogene makeup and host specificity. Xf is an ideal subject for these studies by being a xylem-limited pathogen that underwent extensive genome reduction. Using natural host range data of 151 strains and Pseudofinder analysis on Xf whole genome sequences, we observed that Xf subsp. sandyi had the highest pseudogene content, followed by subsp. morus, while subsp. pauca, fastidiosa, and multiplex had the lowest. The first two subspecies are known to have a limited host range compared to the others, aligning with the hypothesis of a greater number of pseudogenes corresponding to narrower host range. Weed isolates are presumably host specialists because they had the highest pseudogene content. Using a thorough pseudogene map across genomes and empirical pathogenicity data on blueberries, we screened for genes potentially involved in blueberry specialization. Targets were identified by selecting sequences pseudogenized (i) in strains infecting hosts different from blueberry and (ii) only in blueberry asymptomatic strains. Six sequences were identified with a potential role in blueberry infection, including one that was common between the two criteria. Here, we generated hypotheses on host range and specificity of Xf strains that need to be tested experimentally to help understand this devastating plant pathogen.IMPORTANCEXylella fastidiosa is a highly destructive plant pathogen that infects hundreds of landscape and agriculturally important plant species mainly in Europe and the Americas. Nevertheless, the host range of specific genotypes and underlying mechanisms of host specificity remain unclear. These are important aspects to determine the potential risk of infection in specific areas depending on the genetic makeup of the pathogen population and hosts present. This study offers valuable insights into the role of pseudogenization in the genomes of different X. fastidiosa strains, linking it to host specialization. Despite the limited information available for the host range of different strains of this pathogen, this research proposes a relationship between the abundance of pseudogenes and host specificity. These findings are essential for predicting potential host shifts by this pathogen, aiding in the development of strategies to prevent its spread. Additionally, the identification of candidate genes putatively important for symptom development in blueberries offers targets for prevention and control efforts.This work was supported by Project BeXyl (Beyond Xylella, Integrated Management Strategies for Mitigating Xylella fastidiosa impact in Europe; Grant ID No. 101060593) from the European Union’s Horizon Action "Food, Bioeconomy Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment" program. We also acknowledge the support from the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station (AAES) (to L.D.L.F. and N.P).Peer reviewe
Load Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Network
No full textThe key role of load forecasting is the power system energy management system. Load forecasting helps to diminish the production cost, spinning reserve capacity and enhance the reliability of the power system. Load forecasting is tremendously essential for financial institutions, power suppliers and other participants in electric energy market i.e. transmission, generation and distribution. The economic allotment of generation is a vital purpose of short term load forecasting.
This thesis presents a solution methodology using an artificial neural network for short term load forecasting. The inputs using for forecasting the load, i.e. Dry bulb temperature, Dew point temperature, humidity and load data. The load data is taken from the 66kv substation, Bhai Roopa, Bathinda and weather data from weather stations “IMD” Pune. The data are taken from the year 2015 and 2016. The back propagation algorithm has been implemented to minimize the error function derived on the basis of computed load and actual load. The effectiveness is also checked through its implemented under the MATLAB environment. Where, the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm is used and the performance is investigated under Multilayer Neural Network
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Impact of provider guidebook on implementation of continuous glucose monitors at a family care setting
No full textPurpose of Project:
There is a gap in provider knowledge on the utilization of Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGM) in the family care setting. The aim of this quality improvement project was to create a guidebook with information regarding costs, coverage requirements, and prescribing instructions for different insurance companies.
Methodology:
A retrospective chart review was performed to collect data on the number of diabetic patients prescribed CGMs three months prior to implementing the provider guidebook. The goal was to increase provider knowledge and comfort on prescribing CGMs with the utilization of the new provider guidebook.
Results:
Results showed that with the readily available information provided in the new guidebook, providers prescribed more CGMs. The percentage of sampled patients who utilized CGMs before intervention out of all the patients that were prescribed CGM was 80%. Whereas the percentage of the post-intervention sample who utilized CGMs out of all the patients prescribed CGMs was 100%.
Implications:
This project had an implication on education, clinical practice, quality, and safety as the office staff gained knowledge on CGM coverage and costs to better help direct patient care.D.N.P.Includes bibliographical reference
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Scaffale. Rubrica di recensioni. Sinappsi, 2/2021
No full textLa rubrica contiene le seguenti recensioni:
- A World Without Work. Technology, automation, and how we should respond,
Daniel Susskind, New York, Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt&Company, 2020 (Recensione di Saverio Lovergine)
- Futuri possibili. Formazione, innovazione, culture digitali, Annalisa Buffardi, Milano, Egea, 2021 (Recensione di Mario Cusmai)
- Artificial intelligence and deep learning for decision making: a growth haker's guide to cutting edge technologies, Jagreet Kaur, Navdeep Singh Gill, New Delhi, BPB Publications, 2019 (Recensione di Boris Sofronic)
- Transizione ecologica e universo fisico-cibernetico. Soggetti, strategie, lavoro, Mauro Lombardi, Firenze, Firenze University Press, 2021 (Recensione di Achille P. Paliotta)la rubrica contiene le seguenti recensioni:
- a world without work. technology, automation, and how we should respond,
daniel susskind, new york, metropolitan books/henry holt&company, 2020 (recensione di saverio lovergine)
- futuri possibili. formazione, innovazione, culture digitali, annalisa buffardi, milano, egea, 2021 (recensione di mario cusmai)
- artificial intelligence and deep learning for decision making: a growth haker's guide to cutting edge technologies, jagreet kaur, navdeep singh gill, new delhi, bpb publications, 2019 (recensione di boris sofronic)
- transizione ecologica e universo fisico-cibernetico. soggetti, strategie, lavoro, mauro lombardi, firenze, firenze university press, 2021 (recensione di achille p. paliotta) scaffale. rubrica di recensioni. sinappsi, 2/202
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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