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Assessing stool quantities generated by three specific Kato-Katz thick smear templates employed in different settings.
Get PDFBACKGROUND
The Kato-Katz technique is recommended for the diagnosis of helminth infections in epidemiological surveys, drug efficacy studies and monitoring of control interventions. We assessed the comparability of the average amount of faeces generated by three Kato-Katz templates included in test kits from two different providers.
METHODS
Nine hundred Kato-Katz thick smear preparations were done; 300 per kit. Empty slides, slides plus Kato-Katz template filled with stool and slides plus stool after careful removal of the template were weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg. The average amount of stool that was generated on the slide was calculated for each template, stratified by standard categories of stool consistency (i.e. mushy, soft, sausage-shaped, hard and clumpy).
RESULTS
The average amount of stool generated on slides was 40.7 mg (95 % confidence interval (CI): 40.0-41.4 mg), 40.3 mg (95 % CI: 39.7-40.9 mg) and 42.8 mg (95 % CI: 42.2-43.3 mg) for the standard Vestergaard Frandsen template, and two different templates from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), respectively. Mushy stool resulted in considerably lower average weights when the Vestergaard Frandsen (37.0 mg; 95 % CI: 34.9-39.0 mg) or new China CDC templates (37.4 mg; 95 % CI: 35.9-38.9 mg) were used, compared to the old China CDC template (42.2 mg; 95 % CI: 40.7-43.7 mg) and compared to other stool consistency categories.
CONCLUSION
The average amount of stool generated by three specific Kato-Katz templates was similar (40.3-42.8 mg). Since the multiplication factor is somewhat arbitrary and small changes only have little effect on infection intensity categories, it is suggested that the standard multiplication factor of 24 should be kept for the calculation of eggs per gram of faeces for all investigated templates
Teoria quase-linear de Kato e a KdV transicional
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas.Neste trabalho desenvolvemos a teoria linear e quase-linear de T. Kato e fazemos uma aplicação à equação de Korteweg-de Vries transicional (t-KdV), mostramos que o problema de Cauchy associado a esta equação tem solução única local nos espaços de Sobolev usuais
Quality control in the diagnosis of Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides using the Kato-Katz technique : experience from three randomised controlled trials
Get PDFBackgroundAn accurate diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminthiasis is important for individual patient management, for drug efficacy evaluation and for monitoring control programmes. The Kato-Katz technique is the most widely used method detecting soil-transmitted helminth eggs in faecal samples. However, detailed analyses of quality control, including false-positive and faecal egg count (FEC) estimates, have received little attention.MethodsOver a 3-year period, within the frame of a series of randomised controlled trials conducted in Pemba, United Republic of Tanzania, 10% of randomly selected Kato-Katz thick smears were re-read for Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. In case of discordant result (i.e. positive versus negative) the slides were re-examined a third time. A result was assumed to be false-positive or false-negative if the result from the initial reading did not agree with the quality control as well as the third reading. We also evaluated the general agreement in FECs between the first and second reading, according to internal and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.ResultsFrom the 1,445 Kato-Katz thick smears subjected to quality control, 1,181 (81.7%) were positive for T. trichiura and 290 (20.1%) were positive for A. lumbricoides. During quality control, very low rates of false-positive results were observed; 0.35% (n¿=¿5) for T. trichiura and 0.28% (n¿=¿4) for A. lumbricoides. False-negative readings of Kato-Katz thick smears were obtained in 28 (1.94%) and 6 (0.42%) instances for T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides, respectively. A high frequency of discordant results in FECs was observed (i.e. 10.0-23.9% for T. trichiura, and 9.0-11.4% for A. lumbricoides).ConclusionsOur analyses show that the rate of false-positive diagnoses of soil-transmitted helminths is low. As the probability of false-positive results increases after examination of multiple stool samples from a single individual, the potential influence of false-positive results on epidemiological studies and anthelminthic drug efficacy studies should be determined. Existing WHO guidelines for quality control might be overambitious and might have to be revised, specifically with regard to handling disagreements in FECs
Camp Livingston, Kato family album
No full textPhotographed are Japanese American soldiers at the Camp Livingston, Louisiana. The caption reads: Many young Japanese-Americans were called in to serve their country. These men are in Camp Livingston, Louisiana, July 1945. (Kato family album).The back side includes names photographed: George Mochizuki, Yagi, Joe Inouye, Nishioka, Yahuda, Fred Ujihara, Tosh Nakayama, Yosh Matsubara, Tak Hosoda, Hiro Haraguchi, Pete Hiroka [Hirooka?], Roy Tanaka, Frank Tanabe, Ochiai, Utaka [Yutaka?] Matsumoto, Nishikawa, and Ben Shimazu.The Kato and Shiimori Family Photographs contain photographs collected by Yvonne Achacoso, a student of a history class taught by Professor Donald Teruo Hata at CSU Dominguez Hills. She interviewed two Nisei Japanese Americans, Roy Yasuharu Kato and John Ishihei Iwatsuru who experienced the forced evacuation and incarceration during World War II. Kato was incarcerated in the Heart Mountain camp, Wyoming, and Iwatsuru was incarcerated in the Jerome camp, Arkansas and the Granada camp, Colorado. Their wives were both daughters of the Shiimori family, who was also incarcerated in the Jerome camp and the Gila River, Arizona. Included are photographs of the Gila River camp collected from the Shiimori family album as well as photographs depicting lives of the incarcerees in the Hear Mountain camp gathered from the Kato family album. All items originally belonged to the Donald Teruo Hata and Nadine Ishitani Hata Asian Pacific Studies Collection
Roy Kato enjoying his out-of-camp breakfast, Kato family album
No full textPhotographed is Roy Kato who snack out from the Heart Mountain camp, Wyoming, having breakfast at the Shoshone National Forest. (Kato family album).The Kato and Shiimori Family Photographs contain photographs collected by Yvonne Achacoso, a student of a history class taught by Professor Donald Teruo Hata at CSU Dominguez Hills. She interviewed two Nisei Japanese Americans, Roy Yasuharu Kato and John Ishihei Iwatsuru who experienced the forced evacuation and incarceration during World War II. Kato was incarcerated in the Heart Mountain camp, Wyoming, and Iwatsuru was incarcerated in the Jerome camp, Arkansas and the Granada camp, Colorado. Their wives were both daughters of the Shiimori family, who was also incarcerated in the Jerome camp and the Gila River, Arizona. Included are photographs of the Gila River camp collected from the Shiimori family album as well as photographs depicting lives of the incarcerees in the Hear Mountain camp gathered from the Kato family album. All items originally belonged to the Donald Teruo Hata and Nadine Ishitani Hata Asian Pacific Studies Collection
Naomi Kato, Senior Harp Recital, May 7, 1983
No full textConcert program for Naomi Kato, Senior Harp Recital, May 7,
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How long can stool samples be fixed for an accurate diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infection using mini-FLOTAC?
Get PDFKato-Katz is a widely used method for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infection. Fecal samples cannot be preserved, and hence, should be processed on the day of collection and examined under a microscope within 60 min of slide preparation. Mini-FLOTAC is a technique that allows examining fixed fecal samples. We assessed the performance of Mini-FLOTAC using formalin-fixed stool samples compared to Kato-Katz and determined the dynamics of prevalence and intensity estimates of soil-transmitted helminth infection over a 31-day time period.; The study was carried out in late 2013 on Pemba Island, Tanzania. Forty-one children were enrolled and stool samples were subjected on the day of collection to a single Kato-Katz thick smear and Mini-FLOTAC examination; 12 aliquots of stool were fixed in 5% formalin and subsequently examined by Mini-FLOTAC up to 31 days after collection.; The combined results from Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC revealed that 100% of children were positive for Trichuris trichiura, 85% for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 54% for hookworm. Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC techniques found similar prevalence estimates for A. lumbricoides (85% versus 76%), T. trichiura (98% versus 100%), and hookworm (42% versus 51%). The mean eggs per gram of stool (EPG) according to Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC was 12,075 and 11,679 for A. lumbricoides, 1,074 and 1,592 for T. trichiura, and 255 and 220 for hookworm, respectively. The mean EPG from day 1 to 31 of fixation was stable for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, but gradually declined for hookworm, starting at day 15. The findings of our study suggest that for a qualitative diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infection, stool samples can be fixed in 5% formalin for at least 30 days. However, for an accurate quantitative diagnosis of hookworm, we suggest a limit of 15 days of preservation. Our results have direct implication for integrating soil-transmitted helminthiasis into transmission assessment surveys for lymphatic filariasis
Yritin šuaha hänet kuvah onnakko hiän kato
No full textOpinnäytteen taiteellinen osuus on yksikanavainen liikkuvan kuvan teos Yritin šuaha hänet kuvah onnakko hiän kato, joka esitettiin Taideyliopiston Kuvataideakatemian K-216 -tilassa osana Kuvan Kevät 2024 -maisterinäyttelyä 4.5.-2.6.2024.
Teoksen lähtöimpulssi on historiallinen fakta: vienankarjalainen esivanhempani Rimmin Ul’l’aška esiintyi elävänä mallina Akseli Gallen-Kallelan Aino-triptyykin (1891) toisessa versiossa Väinämöisen roolissa. Teoksessa Rimminkylän historianäyttely, julkiset ja yksityiset arkistomateriaalit, päällekirjoitettu haastattelu sekä henkilökohtainen muisto on järjestetty heterogeeniseksi, mutta tarkasti jäsennellyksi sommitelmaksi.
Kuvataiteen maisterin opinnäytteen kirjallinen osuus on dokumentaatio ja reflektio opinnäytteen taiteellisesta osuudesta. Teksti sisältää teoksen tekstuaalisen kuvailun sekä kuvakaappauksia teoksesta ja dokumentaatiokuvan installaatiosta. Lisäksi esittelen ja alustan niin teoksen kuin sen aiheen samalla reflektoiden valintojani
Young boys snuck out of camp, Kato family album
No full textPhotographed are young male Japanese Americans posed in the Shoshone National Forest. The caption reads: These young boys snuck out of camp and are at Shoshone National Forest. (Kato family album).The Kato and Shiimori Family Photographs contain photographs collected by Yvonne Achacoso, a student of a history class taught by Professor Donald Teruo Hata at CSU Dominguez Hills. She interviewed two Nisei Japanese Americans, Roy Yasuharu Kato and John Ishihei Iwatsuru who experienced the forced evacuation and incarceration during World War II. Kato was incarcerated in the Heart Mountain camp, Wyoming, and Iwatsuru was incarcerated in the Jerome camp, Arkansas and the Granada camp, Colorado. Their wives were both daughters of the Shiimori family, who was also incarcerated in the Jerome camp and the Gila River, Arizona. Included are photographs of the Gila River camp collected from the Shiimori family album as well as photographs depicting lives of the incarcerees in the Hear Mountain camp gathered from the Kato family album. All items originally belonged to the Donald Teruo Hata and Nadine Ishitani Hata Asian Pacific Studies Collection
Comparison of Kato-Katz, ethyl-acetate sedimentation, and Midi Parasep® in the diagnosis of hookworm, Ascaris and Trichuris infections in the context of an evaluation of rural sanitation in India.
Get PDFThe Kato-Katz, conventional ethyl-acetate sedimentation, and Midi Parasep(®) methods for diagnosing infection with soil-transmitted helminths were compared. The Kato-Katz technique gave the best overall diagnostic performance with the highest results in all measures (prevalence, faecal egg count, sensitivity) followed by the conventional ethyl-acetate and then the Midi Parasep(®) technique. The Kato-Katz technique showed a significantly higher faecal egg count and sensitivity for both hookworm and Trichuris as compared to the Midi Parasep(®) technique. The conventional ethyl-acetate technique produced smaller pellets and showed lower pellet mobility as compared to the Midi Parasep(®)
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