1,721,019 research outputs found
Protection of the marine environment in developing counties: management of nutrient inputs
No full textThe management and treatment of sludge in developing countries, from on-site sanitation systems has neither been addressed by problem holders nor by researchers. All septic tanks need to be desludged regularly in order to maintain a certain level of treatment efficiency and minimize ecological and eventual marine pollution incidences. Practices followed in developing countries are discussed and lessons learned are emphasized for promoting sustainable community development. Stakeholder identification and participation and their cooperation through the process, as well as new regulations on service provision and management procedures are addressed in this study
Wastewater reuse in agriculture
No full textWastewater utilization is an upward application universally. At the same time as clean water resources turn out to be inadequate, wastewater reuse has developed into an alternative choice for preserving as well as increasing presented water sources. Wastewater utilization for irrigation in agriculture is undoubtedly the most established appliance from the other wastewater uses, as well as the one with the longest history. Drivers for this appliance development consist of rising urbanisation along with water stress, development of water delivery along with sewerage systems, rising municipal wastewater flows, water scarcity in addition to droughts and climate change. Urban wastewater is created via the daily necessities of people such as defecation, bathroom utilities, food preparation and moreover in public buildings such as hospitals and other public along with private locations. Wastewater qualitative characteristics are separated into physical, chemical and biological characteristics. When treated wastewater is utilized for agriculture irrigation, it encloses considerable threats to human health as a result of numerous associated diseases which can be propagated via wastewater utilization to those people working in fields, and additionally to the nearby areas as well as to crop consumers. Criteria have been established in order to examine water quality as well as determining the appropriateness of water delivery for irrigation utilization. Guidelines can act as protecting measures to cultivators health as well as to public health but in addition to soil and plant growth, as problems such as salinity, soil permeability, toxicity and other can develop serious soil and crop production troubles. Urban wastewater previous to irrigation have to go through treatment procedures in order to meet the eligibility criteria for irrigation water and avoid possible risks to environment as well as human health. Wastewater treatment procedures are separating unsafe material from the effluent water with the aim of lessening the organic load of suspended solids, pathogens and chemical constituents and subsequently wastewater to be able to be used without any risks to the environment.Complete
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Ecological evaluation of the coastal and marine zones of the island of Cyprus- pollution and nutrient control
No full textWastewater Reuse for Irrigation: an Acceptable Soil Conditioner?
No full textUnder conditions of severe water deficiency in the Middle East, an actual problem is the agricultural use of non-conventional water, which is a specific case of simultaneous purification and utilization of soil ecological systems. However, this poses a number of ecological problems connected with soil protection, surface and groundwater contamination and obtaining yield crops of good quality.
This paper shows the authors' experiences in the field relevant to the problem. It indicates the problems connected with wastewater and provides information on present reuse practices and future prospective uses of treated wastewater for irrigating agricultural crops, within acceptable levels of risks in Bulgaria and Cyprus. The data and results which are included in the paper are based on experimental research in experimental farms near Sofia (Bulgaria) and Athalassa (Cyprus).Under conditions of severe water deficiency in the Middle East, an actual problem is the agricultural use of non-conventional water, which is a specific case of simultaneous purification and utilization of soil ecological systems. However, this poses a number of ecological problems connected with soil protection, surface and groundwater contamination and obtaining yield crops of good quality.
This paper shows the authors' experiences in the field relevant to the problem. It indicates the problems connected with wastewater and provides information on present reuse practices and future prospective uses of treated wastewater for irrigating agricultural crops, within acceptable levels of risks in Bulgaria and Cyprus. The data and results which are included in the paper are based on experimental research in experimental farms near Sofia (Bulgaria) and Athalassa (Cyprus)
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
