209 research outputs found
The syntax of roots and the roots of syntax
Full text linkThe syntax of roots and the roots of syntax. Ed. by Artemis Alexiadou, Hagit Borer, and Florian Schäfer. (Oxford studies in theoretical linguistics 51.) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. xiii, 333. ISBN 9780199665273. $115 (Hb.) Reviewed by Itamar Kastner. A considerable amount of recent work in morphology has relied on the notion of a categoryless ‘root’. Under most approaches associated with this view, the root is the lexical core of the derivation. Such approaches have found it useful to posit this element because it allows the analyst to hypothesize different constraints for the root and for the rest of the syntax. This division of labor is the topic of The syntax of roots and the roots of syntax
The syntax of roots and the roots of syntax
Full text linkThe syntax of roots and the roots of syntax. Ed. by Artemis Alexiadou, Hagit Borer, and Florian Schäfer. (Oxford studies in theoretical linguistics 51.) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. xiii, 333. ISBN 9780199665273. $115 (Hb.) Reviewed by Itamar Kastner. A considerable amount of recent work in morphology has relied on the notion of a categoryless ‘root’. Under most approaches associated with this view, the root is the lexical core of the derivation. Such approaches have found it useful to posit this element because it allows the analyst to hypothesize different constraints for the root and for the rest of the syntax. This division of labor is the topic of The syntax of roots and the roots of syntax
Voice at the interfaces: The syntax, semantics, and morphology of the Hebrew verb
Full text linkThis books presents the most comprehensive description and analysis to date of Hebrew morphology, with an emphasis on the verbal templates. Its aim is to develop a theory of argument structure alternations which is anchored in the syntax but has systematic interfaces with the phonology and the semantics. Concretely, the monograph argues for a specific formal system centered around possible values of the head Voice. The formal assumptions are as similar as possible to those made in work on non-Semitic languages. The first part of the book (four chapters) is devoted to Hebrew; the second part (two chapters) compares the current theory with other approaches to Voice and argument structure in the recent literature
Templatic morphology as an emergent property:Roots and functional heads in Hebrew
Full text linkModern Hebrew exhibits a non-concatenative morphology of consonantal “roots” and melodic “templates” that is typical of Semitic languages. Even though this kind of non-concatenative morphology is well known, it is only partly understood. In particular, theories differ in what counts as a morpheme: the root, the template, both, or neither. Accordingly, theories differ as to what representations learners must posit and what processes generate the eventual surface forms. In this paper I present a theory of morphology and allomorphy that combines lexical roots with syntactic functional heads, improving on previous analyses of root-and-pattern morphology. Verbal templates are here argued to emerge from the combination of syntactic elements, constrained by the general phonology of the language, rather than from some inherent difference between Semitic morphology and that of other languages. This way of generating morphological structure fleshes out a theory of morphophonological alternations that are non-adjacent on the surface but are local underlyingly; with these tools it is possible to identify where lexical exceptionality shows its effects and how it is reined in by the grammar. The Semitic root is thus analogous to lexical roots in other languages, storing idiosyncratic phonological and semantic information but respecting the syntactic structure in which it is embedded
Prefixes and suffixes in Afroasiatic:No easy-fix
Full text linkHow can we tell whether an agreement feature will end up as a prefix, a suffix, or a combination of exponents? Research on Afroasiatic languages has identified a number of asymmetries which can be found between prefixes and suffixes. This short review considers these asymmetries, points out three cross-Semitic generalizations, and outlines the possible sources for them. Four kinds of theoretical explanations are evaluated: Syntactic, Morphological, Morphotactic and Morphophonological
Inchoatives in causative clothing:Change of state in modern hebrew heXYiZ
Full text linkThe “causative” template heXYiZ in Hebrew is the morphological form of verbs which are usually transitive. I discuss cases in which specific roots give rise to the labile alternation, otherwise unattested in the language. A straightforward analysis is suggested for the majority of cases, based on causative Voice[+D] . This analysis is then extended to account for the labile exceptions, which inform how the idiosyncratic meaning of roots influences syntactic computation
Reflexive verbs in Hebrew: Deep unaccusativity meets lexical semantics
Full text linkReflexive verbs in Modern Hebrew show specific morphological marking: only one of the seven verbal templates in the language can be used for reflexives. Yet this morphological marking also appears on anticausative verbs, which have different syntactic and semantic properties. I provide an analysis of reflexivity in Hebrew which does not make reference to dedicated reflexive morphosyntax. By combining independently needed functional heads, the proposal explains what in the syntax underlies this morphology and how different kinds of verbs end up with identical morphophonological properties. To this end, I consider the lexical semantics of individual lexical roots as well as the syntactic configurations in which roots and arguments are embedded. The resulting theory is one in which lexical roots trigger specific interpretations of the syntax at the interfaces
Intention, aspect, and argument structure: the morphosyntax and morphosemantics of the Akkadian verb
Full text linkThis thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the ROOT-and-template system of the Akkadian (East-Semitic, c. 2600 BCE – 75 CE) verb. It does so in two novel ways for Akkadian, by a) developing grammatical tests for the disambiguation of thirteen derivationally-consequential classes of lexical ROOTS, and b) recontextualising the templatic alternations as different ways of marking either a causal or noncausal alternant in the causative-alternation.
Akkadian has three template patterns, a base G stem, an intensive/factitive D stem, and a causative Š stem. The G stem, assumed here to be the projection of the ROOT, is used to diagnose the ROOT classes. Through the development of three grammatical tests involving the Stative, perfective and imperfective conjugations, as well as the verbal adjectival derivation, distinct argument structural, i.e., syntactic, and aspectual, i.e., semantic features can be determined for different ROOTS, resulting in thirteen distinct ROOT classes.
The D and the Š stem are motivated to be two aspectually distinct causative morphemes: the D stem serves as the direct, atelic causative and introduces an Agent, while the Š stem functions as the indirect, telic causative and introduces a Causer. The choice of which causative could be used for the causative-alternation of a given ROOT is either dependent on the aspectual and argument-structural features of a ROOT (and its class), or on pragmatic choice, i.e., a speakers intention of communication. This choice for causation-telicity is made at a designated layer of projection, referred to as FocusP (Simpson & Wu 2002), which is only present in D and Š derivations, and is immediately reflected in syntactic restrictions imposed on VoiceP (Kratzer 1996). ROOT (class) and causative must thereby not contradict one another in aspectual features (i.e., telic ROOT derives telic causative), but must not overlap in syntactic features (i.e., Agent-ROOT may not derive Agent-causative). The different feature-combinations in FocusP and VoiceP determine the different template patterns and their syntactic and semantic properties.
By contrast, the two anticausatives, t- and n-, used to denote reflexives, passives, but also noncausal verbs, are restricted by solely syntactic properties, again derived from the interaction of FocusP and VoiceP. The different features associated with the D and Š stems on FocusP and by consequence VoiceP, determine why t-morphemes inserted into G and Š show greater semantic flexibility, while t-morphemes inserted into D may only function as passives.
Through the formulation of grammatical tests, the disambiguation of ROOT-classes, and the precise formulation of the causative and anticausative morphemes syntactic and semantic properties, this thesis presents a novel, concise, and comprehensive analysis of the Akkadian verb
IMAGINÁRIO POÉTICO NA OBRA DE ITAMAR PIRES RIBEIRO
No full textEsta pesquisa se divide em três partes e está focada em análises e reflexões sobre
a lírica de Itamar Pires Ribeiro, especialmente em poemas de dois de seus livros,
Das Palavras e A Arte de Pintar Elefantes, ambas publicadas em 2000, com o
objetivo de desenvolver estudos sobre o imaginário poético do artista. Tivemos a
intenção específica de analisar a relação do poeta e sua criação, a matéria mesma
de sua produção. “As Palavras”, “Água”, “Pantera”, "Canção do Amor Irônico”,
“Paixão” e “Vinho" estão entre os poemas analisados, exemplificando o árduo
exercício poético, suas musas, suas imagens. A principal metodologia utilizada foi a
pesquisa bibliográfica, pela abordagem de conceitos e análises sobre o texto
poético, envolvendo principalmente teorias de Gilbert Durand acerca das estruturas
antropológicas do imaginário. Outros teóricos como Susanne K. Langer e Octavio
Paz também foram abordados em nosso estudo, que teve uma sua primeira parte
um olhar panorâmico sobre o todo artístico da obra poética ribeiriana; na segunda
parte, analisamos os poemas selecionados com a lente teórica de Durand e outros;
na terceira, procuramos mostrar alguns elementos visualizados por nós na obra
poética do autor em tela. Há ainda, em anexo, uma entrevista com o autor, onde ele
fala sobre seu fazer artístico, a relação entre o tempo vivido e sua criação, suas
musas, seus métodos criacionais, além de outras questões. Espera-se que este
trabalho possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos estudos sobre a poesia
de Itamar Pires Ribeiro que mostrem a relevância da obra desse poeta.This research divide itself into three parts, is focused on analyzes and reflections on
Itamar Pires Ribeiro's lyric, especially in poems from two of his books, “Das Palavras”
and “A Arte de Pintar Elefantes”, both published in 2000, with the aim of developing
studies on the artist's poetic imagery. We had the specific intention of analyzing the
relation of the poet and his creation, the very matter of his production. “As Palavras”
("The Words"), “Água” ("Water"), "Pantera", “Canção do Amor Irônico” ("Song of
Ironic Love"), “Paixão” ("Passion") and “Vinho” ("Wine") are among the analyzed
poems, exemplifying the arduous poetic exercise, its muses, its images. The main
methodology used was the bibliographical research, through the approach of
concepts and analyzes on the poetic text, involving Gilbert Durand's theories about
the imaginary’s anthropological structures. Other theorists such as Susanne K.
Langer and Octavio Paz were also approached in our study, which had its first part a
panoramic look at the artistic whole of the poetic work of Ribeiro; In the second part,
we analyze the selected poems with the theoretical lens of Durand and others; In the
third, we try to show some elements visualized by us in the poetic work of the author.
There is also an attached interview with the author, where he talks about his artistic
work, the relationship between the lived time and his creation, his muses, his creative
methods, and other questions. We hope that this work may contribute to the
development of new studies on the poetry of Itamar Pires Ribeiro that show the
relevance of this poet's work
Evaluating intervention strategies in controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread in care homes : an agent-based model - Corrigendum
Full text linkIn the above article1, the author names should appear as follows: Le Khanh Ngan Nguyen, Susan Howick, Dennis McLafferty, Gillian H. Anderson, Sahaya J. Pravinkumar, Robert Van Der Meer and Itamar Megiddo
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