6 research outputs found
Protecting personal data by resorting to the right to digital oblivion in accordance with Jordanian legislation A Comparative study
No full textإن حق الإنسان أن يعيش بمأمن حق لا يمكن نزعه من أي إنسان، وقد كفل المشرع الأردني بالدستور حق الحياة الخاصة، وتعد البيانات الشخصية من الحقوق اللصيقة بالإنسان والتي تحتاج إلى حماية حالها كحال أي حق آخر، لذلك قام المشرع الأردني في عام 2023 باتخاذ خطوة تحسب له في حماية البيانات الشخصية التي تطرح على شبكة الإنترنت ومواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، فضلاً عن منحه الأفراد حق محو هذه البيانات أو إزالتها وهو ما يعرف بحق النسيان الرقمي، ومن هنا تتجلى مشكلة البحث في مدى بذل المشرع الأردني جهوداً لحماية هذه البيانات وإتاحة الاطلاع عليها، ومنح أصحابها الحق في محوها بالاعتماد على حق النسيان الرقمي، وتوصل هذا البحث إلى جملة من النتائج والتوصيات ومن أبرزها أن المشرع الأردني خطى خطوات واضحة في حماية البيانات الشخصية، حيث يعد قانون حماية البيانات الشخصية نقلة نوعية في منظومة التشريعات الأردنية، إلا أنه لم يكن واضحاً في طبيعة الحماية الجزائية المفروضة لحق النسيان الرقمي، ومن هنا برزت أهم التوصيات أن على المشرع الأردني إضافة نص إلى قانون حماية البيانات الشخصية يتضمن معاقبة كل مزود خدمة إنترنت أو محرك بحث أو منصة تواصل اجتماعي لا تمتثل لطلب العميل بحذف المحتوى الخاص ببياناته ومعلوماته الشخصية، أو بناءً على الحكم الصادر من المحكمة المختصة بذلك بإقفال المنصة وتعويض المتضرر عما أصابه من ضرر.The human right to live in security is a right that cannot be removed from any human being. The Jordanian legislature guarantees the right to private life, and personal data is a close human right that needs to be protected as any other right. In 2023, the Jordanian legislator took a credible step in protecting personal data on the Internet and social media sites. It also gives individuals the right to erase or remove such data, which is known as digital forgetfulness. Thus, the problem of research is reflected in the extent to which the Jordanian legislature has made efforts to protect and make accessible such data. The owners were granted the right to erase them by relying on the right to forget. This research has reached several conclusions and recommendations, most notably that Jordanian legislation has taken clear steps in protecting personal data. The Personal Data Protection Act is a qualitative shift in Jordan's legal system, but the nature of the penal protection imposed on the right to forgetfulness has not been clear.
Hence, the most important recommendations have emerged that Jordanian legislators should add text to the Personal Data Protection Act that includes penalizing any Internet service provider, search engine or social media platform that does not comply with the client's request to delete the content of his personal data and information or based on the judgement of the competent court thereby closing the platform and compensating the victim for the injury suffered
Suggested insulin regimens for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who wish to fast during the month of Ramadan
No full textObjectives:This paper reviews available information on insulin regimens that may enable patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to fast during the month of Ramadan with minimal complications. It also provides guidance for health care professionals in managing patients who wish to observe the fast. Methods:Relevant English-language articles were identified through searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Index Medicus Eastern Mediterranean Region databases (all, 1980-2008) conducted in February 2008 using the terms Ramadan, fasting, type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, and hypotension. Only original research and review articles related to adult patients with type 1 diabetes were considered for review, excluding pregnant women and patients with poorly controlled disease. Results:The literature review identified 5 clinical trials relevant to type 1 diabetes and fasting. Two main meals are eaten during Ramadan, one before dawn (Suhur) and the other at sunset (Iftar). Suggested adjustments to the insulin regimen during fasting include using 70percent of the pre-Ramadan dose, divided as follows: 60percent as insulin glargine given in the evening and 40percent as an ultra-short-acting insulin (insulin aspart or lispro) given in 2 doses, 1 at Suhur and 1 at Iftar. Alternatively, 85percent of the pre-Ramadan dose may be divided as 70percent Ultralente and 30percent regular insulin, both given in 2 doses, 1 at Suhur and 1 at Iftar. Another option is to give 100percent of the pre-Ramadan morning dose of 70-330 premixed insulin at Iftar and 50percent of the usual evening dose at Suhur. Patients who observe the fast should be advised to monitor their blood glucose regularly,avoid skipping meals or overeating,and maintain contact with their physician throughout the fast. The fast should be broken immediately if blood glucose drops below 60 mg-dL (3.3 mmol-L).Breaking the fast should be considered when blood glucose drops below 80 mg-dL (4.4 mmol-L), and the fast should be interrupted if blood glucose rises above 300 mg-dL (16.7 mmol-L) to avoid diabetic ketoacidosis. Fasting is contraindicated in patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes,including those with a history of severe hypoglycemia and- or diabetic ketoacidosis at least 3 months before Ramadan; those with comorbid conditions (eg, unstable angina, uncontrolled hypertension, advanced macrovascular complications, infections, renal insufficiency);; those who are noncompliant with diet and medication; those who engage in intense physical activity; pregnant women; and the elderly. Conclusion:Patients with type 1 diabetes who wish to fast during Ramadan should follow specific recommendations and be closely monitored by their physician. © 2008 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved.Al-Arouj M, 2005, DIABETES CARE, V28, P2305, DOI 10.2337-diacare.28.9.2305; ALNAKHNI A, 1997, DIABETOLOGIA, V1297, pA330; Mafauzy M, 1990, Med J Malaysia, V45, P14; Azizi F, 2003, ARCH IRAN MED, V6, P237; Benaji B, 2006, DIABETES RES CLIN PR, V73, P117, DOI 10.1016-j.diabres.2005.10.028; BOLLI GB, 1984, NEW ENGL J MED, V310, P1706, DOI 10.1056-NEJM198406283102605; Boyle PJ, 2007, SOUTH MED J, V100, P175; Carr ME, 2001, J DIABETES COMPLICAT, V15, P44, DOI 10.1016-S1056-8727(00)00132-X; Cryer PE, 2005, DIABETES, V54, P3592, DOI 10.2337-diabetes.54.12.3592; *FRSMR, 1995, INT M DIAB RAM REC E; KADIRI A, 2005, PRACT DIABET INT, V15, pS5; Kadiri A, 2001, DIABETES METAB, V27, P482; Kassem HS, 2005, J ENDOCRINOL INVEST, V28, P802; KHAIRALLAH W, 2008, LMJ, V56, P46; Laederach-Hofmann K, 1999, AM J MED, V106, P50, DOI 10.1016-S0002-9343(98)00367-2; Laing SP, 1999, DIABETIC MED, V16, P466, DOI 10.1046-j.1464-5491.1999.00076.x; Mucha GT, 2004, DIABETES CARE, V27, P1209, DOI 10.2337-diacare.27.5.1209; Omar MAK, 1997, DIABETES CARE, V20, P1925; Pinar Rukiye, 2002, Br J Nurs, V11, P1300; RASHED AH, 1992, BRIT MED J, V304, P521; Reiter J, 2007, DIABETIC MED, V24, P436, DOI 10.1111-j.1464-5491.2007.02098.x; Salti I, 2004, DIABETES CARE, V27, P2306, DOI 10.2337-diacare.27.10.2306; SULIMANI RA, 1988, DIABETIC MED, V5, P58921131
The global Information technology report 2015: ICTs for inclusive growth
No full textInformation and communication technologies (ICTs) are transforming our economies and societies. Since 2001, The Global Information and Technology Report series and the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) have been taking the pulse of the ICT revolution worldwide.
The NRI identifies the capacity of countries to leveraging ICT, by assessing the overall political and business environment, the level of ICT readiness and usage of ICT among the population, businesses and government, as well as the overall impacts of ICTs on the economy and society at large.
The 2015 results, which covers 143 economies, confirms the dominance of advanced economies and the persistence of the multiple-faceted digital divides not only across but also within economies. They reveal the pervasive digital poverty that deprives the neediest from the opportunities offered by ICTs.
Beyond this diagnosis, under the theme “ICTs for Inclusive Growth”, the 2015 edition of the report provides solutions from leading experts and practitioners to alleviate digital poverty and make the ICT revolution a global reality. 
Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries
No full textBackground: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars (216 compared with 6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was 195 for low FiO2 leading to a −15 to −1164 compared with 93 (95% CI: −65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this. © 2023 The Author
The worldwide antibiotic resistance and prescribing in european children (ARPEC) point prevalence survey: Developing hospital-quality indicators of antibiotic prescribing for children
No full textObjectives: Previously, web-based tools for cross-sectional antimicrobial point prevalence surveys (PPSs) have been used in adults to develop indicators of quality improvement. We aimed to determine the feasibility of developing similar quality indicators of improved antimicrobial prescribing focusing specifically on hospitalized neonates and children worldwide. Methods: A standardized antimicrobial PPS method was employed. Included were all inpatient children and neonates receiving an antimicrobial at 8:00 am on the day of the PPS. Denominators included the total number of inpatients. A web-based application was used for data entry, validation and reporting. We analysed 2012 data from 226 hospitals (H) in 41 countries (C) from Europe (174H; 24C), Africa (6H; 4C), Asia (25H; 8C), Australia (6H), Latin America (11H; 3C) and North America (4H). Results: Of 17 693 admissions, 6499 (36.7%) inpatients received at least one antimicrobial, but this varied considerably between wards and regions. Potential indicators included very high broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing in children of mainly ceftriaxone (ranked first in Eastern Europe, 31.3%; Asia, 13.0%; Southern Europe, 9.8%), cefepime (ranked third in North America, 7.8%) and meropenem (ranked first in Latin America, 13.1%). The survey identified worryingly high use of critically important antibiotics for hospital-acquired infections in neonates (34.9%; range from 14.2% in Africa to 68.0% in Latin America) compared with children (28.3%; range from 14.5% in Africa to 48.9% in Latin America). Parenteral administration was very common among children in Asia (88%), Latin America (81%) and Europe (67%). Documentation of the reasons for antibiotic prescribing was lowest in Latin America (52%). Prolonged surgical prophylaxis rates ranged from 78% (Europe) to 84% (Latin America). Conclusions: Simple web-based PPS tools provide a feasible method to identify areas for improvement of antibiotic use, to set benchmarks and to monitor future interventions in hospitalized neonates and children. To our knowledge, this study has derived the first global quality indicators for antibiotic use in hospitalized neonates and children. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved
Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy
No full textBackground
The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy.
Methods
In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation.
Results
Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89·6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60·6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0·17, 95 per cent c.i. 0·14 to 0·21, P < 0·001) or low (363 of 860, 42·2 per cent; OR 0·08, 0·07 to 0·10, P < 0·001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high‐HDI countries (risk difference −9·4 (95 per cent c.i. −11·9 to −6·9) per cent; P < 0·001), but the relationship was reversed in low‐HDI countries (+12·1 (+7·0 to +17·3) per cent; P < 0·001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30‐day perioperative mortality (OR 0·60, 0·50 to 0·73; P < 0·001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low‐ and middle‐HDI countries.
Conclusion
Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low‐HDI countries was half that in high‐HDI countries
