300 research outputs found

    Manual Hydraulic Structures

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    This manual is the result of group work and origins in Dutch lecture notes that have been used since long time. Amongst the employees of the Hydraulic Engineering Department that contributed to this work are dr.ir. S. van Baars, ir.K.G.Bezuijen, ir.G.P.Bourguignon, prof.ir.A.Glerum, dr.ir.P.A.Kolkman, ir. H.K.T. Kuijper, ir. H.G. Voortman and prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling. The latest years, this manual has been clarified, revised and expanded by ir. W.F. Molenaar and ing. M.Z. Voorendt. We have received much feedback from students and got good input from our student-assistants, which is highly appreciated and has been taken taken into account for this new edition. In the 2016 edition, some minor corrections were made throughout the Manual, most noticeably the equation for the spring stiffness of a combined system in Section 29.2. Section 11.1 has been updated with more generic weir discharge equations. Furthermore, serviceability requirements have been added to the chapter on wave-overtopping (Chapter 17) and the Blum theory for laterally loaded piles has been better explained in Chapter 44. The largest change is the addition of Chapter 49, about the determination of the height of flood defences

    Author Correction:A 41,500 year-old decorated ivory pendant from Stajnia Cave (Poland)

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    Correction to: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01221-6, published online 25 November 2021The original version of this Article contained errors in the author list where Marjolein D. Bosch was omitted from the author list, and Mikołaj Urbanowski was incorrectly listed as an author of the original Article, and has subsequently been removed.The Author contributions section now reads:“S.T. W.N. and A.N. conceived the project; S.T., W.N., A.P., M.B., S.C., M.D., H.F., A.M., M.D. B., D.P., M.P.R., C.M.R., V.S-M., G.M.S., P.S., M.S., K.S., A.V., F.W., H.W., A.W., M.Z., S.B., A.N., J-J. H., performed research; S.T., A.P., W.N., M.B., M.D.B., S.C., M.D., H.F., A.M., D.P., M.P.R., C.M.R., V.S-M., G.M.S., P.S., M.S., K.S., A.V., F.W., H.W., A.W., M.Z., S.B., A.N., J-J. H. analysed all archaeological data; S.T. and A.P. wrote the paper with the collaboration of all the co-authors.”The original Article and its accompanying Supplementary Information file have been corrected

    Effects of drought on physiological and morphological features of wild and domestic Turkish watermelon genotypes

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    10th EUCARPIA Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Cucurbitaceae -- OCT 15-18, 2012 -- Antalya, TURKEYWOS: 000345687100038This research was carried out between 2007 and 2008 to determine drought tolerance of domestic and wild watermelon genotypes in Sanliurfa (Turkey) condition. A total of 32 wild and domestic watermelon genotypes were used in this experiment. Morphological and physiological treatments such as leaf relative-water content, leaf temperature, chlorophyll contents, leaf water potential, leaf color, leaf area, number of stomata, width of stomata, length of stomata, plant height, number of nods on the plant, plant dry matter ratio, main stem diameter, turgority and final drought resistance tests were examined. Drip irrigation treatments included complete irrigation cut off, dry (I-0), full irrigation based on replenishment of soil water depleted from 0-90 cm profile (I-1) and 50 % full irrigation (I-2). At the end of the experiment, fifteen genotypes (Kar-24, Kar-25, Kar-27, Kar-59, Kar-86, Kar-114, Kar-143, Kar-147, Kar-163, Kar-185, Kar-197, Kar-203, Kar-215, Kar-218 and Kar-224) were found as tolerant and seventeen genotypes (Kar-26, Kar-35, Kar-37, Kar-39, Kar-98, Kar-99, Kar-117, Kar-140, Kar-154, Kar-177, Kar-184, Kar-212, Kar-234, Kar-243, Kar-330, Kar-332 and Kar-325) were found as intolerant.European Assoc Res Plant Breeding, Cukurova Univ, Minis Food, Agr & Livestock, Turkish Sci & Technol Council, Antalya Tarim, Manier Seed, Yuksel Seed, Syngenta, AG Seed, Fito Seed, Multi Seed, Nunhems, Rijk Zwaan, Bati Akdeniz Agr Res Inst, Alata Hort Res StatTurkish Scientific and Technological Research Council-TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [107T613]; Cukurova University Research FundsThe author thank to Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council-TUBITAK (Project Number: 107T613) and Cukurova University Research Funds for their financial supports. The authors thank also to USDA-USA for their kindly help in seed supplying and Dr. I. Solmaz from Cukurova University for seed regeneration

    Effects of drought on yield and pomological features of wild and domestic Turkish watermelon genotypes

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    This project was carried out between 2007 and 2008. The aim of this project was to determine drought tolerance of native and wild watermelon genotypes. The materials of this project supported by TUBITAK (Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council) were selected previous project which was finished at 2006. Thirty-two materials were used at this experiment. Yield, TSSC, mean fruit weight, mean fruit height, fruit diameter, mean fruit rind thickness and amount of seed at each fruit and as pomological treatments were tested at two years. The project had three subjects in order to determine drought tolerance at selected genotypes. The first is zero irrigation for artificial drought (I0), the second is full irrigation (I 1) and the last is half amount of the full irrigation (I 2). Fifteen genotypes were determined as tolerant and seventeen genotypes were determined as intolerant

    Jamaica Bay: Flood Risk Reduction System

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    Hurricane Sandy made landfall in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States (U.S.) October 29, 2012 as a post-tropical cyclone. With a wind field of approximately 1000 mi (1600 km) and a near 90 degree landfall angle with the coast, the storm generated an 11.6 ft (3.52 m) storm tide above mean sea level (MSL) at the Battery, New York City, and resulted in more than 65billionintotaldamageincludingtheU.S.andtheCaribbean.Withthethreatoffuturesealevelriseandthepossibilityofstrongerfuturestorms,implementingfloodprotectionmeasuresinNewYorkCityandthesurroundingareasisanimperative.ThisthesisisaresponsetoHurricaneSandy.ItpresentsafeasiblefloodriskreductionsystemforJamaicaBay,NewYorkCity,andapreliminarydesignforastormsurgebarriertobeconstructedasapartofthissystem.Thisthesisalsoaddressespossibleenvironmentalimpacts,pollution,andvesseltrafficinthebay.Becauseitisapreliminarydesign,andduetothetimeconstraintsofaMSc.thesis,thedesignofthestormsurgebarrierisneithercompletenordetailed.Someaspectsofthebarrieraredevelopedandreasonableassumptionsaremadeforotheraspectsbasedonsimilarpastprojects.TheJamaicaBayFloodRiskReductionSystem(JBFRRS)hasbeendesignedtobeimplementedinthree(3)phaseswiththefinalphasebeginningin2032.ThereasonforbuildingtheJBFRRSinphasesistodecreasetheinitialcostsofthesystem.ThepurposeofthisphasedapproachisalsotoreducethepollutioninthebayandtoallowtheJBFRRStoadapttosealevelriseasitoccurs.Duetotheuncertaintyoffuturesealevelrise,stormintensityandfrequency,anadaptiveapproachcouldbethemostapplicable.Itallowssomefloodprotectionmeasurestobeimmediatelyconstructedwhilethemoreexpensiveelementsofthesystemareunderfurtherdesign.Themostsignificantfindingconcerningthebarrieristhatitcouldbeoverflownduringstormtideevents.ThisisduetothelargesurfaceareaoftheJamaicaBaybasinbehindthebarrier.Thisaspectisimportantbecauseitlowerstheheightandthereforethecostsofthebarrier.Verticalliftgatesarefoundtobeoptimalatthislocationduetotheirhighreliability,lowercoststhroughrepetition,andtheirabilitytoallowtidalflowduringnormalconditions.Pierswithshallowfoundationsalongwithtopandsillbeamhavebeenchosentohousetheverticalgates.AninitialestimateofthecoststheJBRRSrangesfrom65 billion in total damage including the U.S. and the Caribbean. With the threat of future sea level rise and the possibility of stronger future storms, implementing flood protection measures in New York City and the surrounding areas is an imperative. This thesis is a response to Hurricane Sandy. It presents a feasible flood risk reduction system for Jamaica Bay, New York City, and a preliminary design for a storm surge barrier to be constructed as a part of this system. This thesis also addresses possible environmental impacts, pollution, and vessel traffic in the bay. Because it is a preliminary design, and due to the time constraints of a MSc. thesis, the design of the storm surge barrier is neither complete nor detailed. Some aspects of the barrier are developed and reasonable assumptions are made for other aspects based on similar past projects. The Jamaica Bay Flood Risk Reduction System (JBFRRS) has been designed to be implemented in three (3) phases with the final phase beginning in 2032. The reason for building the JBFRRS in phases is to decrease the initial costs of the system. The purpose of this phased approach is also to reduce the pollution in the bay and to allow the JBFRRS to adapt to sea level rise as it occurs. Due to the uncertainty of future sea level rise, storm intensity and frequency, an adaptive approach could be the most applicable. It allows some flood protection measures to be immediately constructed while the more expensive elements of the system are under further design. The most significant finding concerning the barrier is that it could be overflown during storm tide events. This is due to the large surface area of the Jamaica Bay basin behind the barrier. This aspect is important because it lowers the height and therefore the costs of the barrier. Vertical lift gates are found to be optimal at this location due to their high reliability, lower costs through repetition, and their ability to allow tidal flow during normal conditions. Piers with shallow foundations along with top and sill beam have been chosen to house the vertical gates. An initial estimate of the costs the JBRRS ranges from 1 billion to $2 billion (2014 dollars). Because the barrier is still in the early design phases, the final costs of the system will differ from this estimate.Hydraulic Structures and Flood RiskHydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience

    The development of the Dutch Flood safety strategy

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    This technical report sketches the main development of the flood defence system in the Netherlands. It concentrates on the establishment of the flood safety level and flood risk reduction strategies. First developments in the study of loading and soil properties until 1960 are described in Chapter 2. The storm surge of 1953 accelerated the process towards a more scientifically based approach. The philosophy of the Delta Committee is explained in Chapter 3. After the publication of the Delta Report in 1960, it lasted until 1996 until the policy was incorporated in a law. The developments in this period are described in Chapter 4 and the legislation of the safety standard can be found in Chapter 5. Newest developments are described in Chapters 6 and 7.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience

    Zoeken naar zwakke plekken

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    Flood risk in the Netherlands

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    Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience

    Integrated design of flood defence systems

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    Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
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