157 research outputs found
Kort om ADHD hos barn och vuxna En sammanfattning av Socialstyrelsens kunskapsöversikt
No full textDet fi nns en omfattande internationell forskning om ADHD. Kunskapen växer snabbt, vilket bidrar till förbättrade metoder för behandling. Socialstyrelsen publicerade år 2002 kunskapsöversikten ADHD hos barn och vuxna. I den konstateras att det ” är ställt utom allt tvivel” att ADHDför många barn och deras familjer liksom för vuxna ”kan vara en uttalad belastning och ett verkligt handikapp” . Personer med ADHD har rätt till vård och behandling i enlighet med den kunskap som fi nns idag. Det betyder att många olika verksamheter i samhället måste förstå och hantera svårigheter som personer med ADHD har. Efter önskemål från brukarorganisationer, personer som i sin yrkesverksamhet möter människor med ADHD och andra som kommer i kontakt med dem publiceras nu en kortversion av Socialstyrelsens kunskapsöversikt. Avsikten är att på ett lättillgängligt sätt presentera information som kan ge större förståelse, utveckla insatser för och bemötandet av personer med ADHD. Kort om ADHD hos barn och vuxna har skrivits av Karin Mossler och Björn Kadesjö. Ansvarig för att ta fram rapporten har varit Lars Hellgren
Chronic inflammation, anti-inflammatory treatment and risk of malignant lymphomas
No full textThe aim of this thesis was to investigate the link between malignant lymphomas and chronic inflammation, in particular the associations between inflammatory activity, immune-modulatory treatment and risk of lymphoma development. To address this aim, we used Swedish population-based registers, mandatory cancer reporting and nation-wide clinical registers including the Swedish Rheumatology Register (SRQ).In study I we investigated whether patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of lymphoma or cancer overall before clinical onset of RA, and if this risk increases with time since RA diagnosis. A cohort of 6,745 incident RA patients (1997-2006) was identified using data from the SRQ. Each cohort member was matched to five population comparator subjects. Relative risks of lymphoma and cancer overall before and after diagnosis of RA were estimated. We observed no increased risks before diagnosis of RA whereas during the first ten years following diagnosis, the lymphoma risk was almost doubled with a non-significant trend of increasing risks with longer RA disease duration.In study II with a larger study population and with longer follow-up, we set out to assess whether the lymphoma risk remains elevated in RA patients diagnosed in the last few years and to explore potential risk predictors in relation to disease characteristics and therapy, focusing on the first year following RA diagnosis. Through SRQ, a cohort of 10,367 incident RA patients (1997-2010) was assembled. Each patient was matched to five population comparator subjects. The risk of lymphoma in recently diagnosed RA patients remained increased to the same magnitude as that reported from historical RA cohorts without any change in risk in recent years. The results indicated that inflammatory activity during the 1st year following RA diagnosis correlated with higher lymphoma risk, whereas oral glucocorticoids were associated with a reduced risk. Exposure to tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) during the study period was not associated with increased lymphoma risk. Through histopathological classification, we further noted an increased proportion of Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and a decreased proportion of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in RA patients compared with the general population.In study III the relationship between treatment with glucocorticoids and lymphoma risk in RA patients was investigated in a case-control study. From a nationwide cohort of 74,651 prevalent RA patients 1964-1994, 378 RA patients with lymphoma and 378 matched RA controls were identified. Different aspects of glucocorticoid treatment were abstracted from medical records. Treatment with glucocorticoids, oral as well as intra-articular, was associated with a reduced lymphoma risk.In study IV the underlying risks of lymphoma in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were investigated, including risks in relation to disease characteristics and treatment. Nationwide prevalent cohorts of AS (n=8,707) and PsA (n=19,283) 2001-2010 were assembled. Each cohort member was matched to five population comparator subjects. On average, we observed no increased risks of lymphoma in AS or in PsA, although there was a risk increase in PsA patients treated with methotrexate and/or sulfasalazine. Based on small numbers there was no evidence of increased lymphoma incidence following therapy with TNFi in AS or in PsA patients.List of scientific papersI. Hellgren K, Smedby K E, Feltelius N, Baecklund E, Askling J. Do Rheumatoid Arthritis and lymphoma share risk factors? A comparison of lymphoma and cancer risks before and after the diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2010; May; 62 (5):1252–1258. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.27402 II . Hellgren K, Baecklund E, Backlin C, Sundström C, Smedby K E, Askling J. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Risks of Malignant Lymphoma - Are Risks still increased? [Manuscript]III. Hellgren K, Iliadou A, Rosenquist R, Feltelius N, Backlin C, Enblad G, Askling J, Baecklund E. Rheumatoid arthritis, treatment with corticosteroids and risk of malignant lymphomas: results from a case-control study. Annals of Rheumatic Diseases. 2010 April; 69(4):654-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.096925 IV. Hellgren K, Smedby K E, Backlin C, Sundström C, Feltelius N, Eriksson JK, Baecklund E, Askling J. Ankylosing Spondylitis, Psoriatic Arthritis, and Risk of Malignant Lymphoma - A Cohort Study. [Manuscript]</p
Modulation of innate immune response to mRNA vaccination after SARS-CoV-2 infection or sequential vaccination in humans
No full text### General information
This is a dataset record for the research paper "Modulation of innate immune response to mRNA vaccination after SARS-CoV-2 infection or sequential vaccination in humans" led by professor Karin Loré (Karolinska Institutet) and her research group.
Author(s): Hellgren F, Rosdahl A, Arcoverde Cerveira R, Lenart K, Ols S, Gwon Y-D, Joas G, Kurt S, Delis A-M, Evander M, Normark J, Ahlm C, Forsell M, Cajander S, Loré K
Corresponding author: Karin Loré, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 4, BioClinicum J7:30, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden.
Contact e-mail: [email protected]
Github code repo: https://github.com/rodrigarc/orebro_study/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.175401
This readme file was last updated: 2024-04-22
The dataset is available upon reasonable request through the corresponding author.
### Cohort description
The repository contains metadata for the 30 study participants recruited among health-care workers at the University hospital of Örebro, Sweden. At the start of the study, 14 individuals had a previous Covid-19 infection and 16 were infection naïve. Among the infection naïve group, 75% were female (12 out of 16 participants), with a mean age of 41 years, ranging from 25 to 66 years. In the group with previous Covid-19 infection, 71.4% were female (10 out of 14 participants), with a mean age of 44.6 years, spanning from 29 to 63 years. Study participants were sampled adjacent to each vaccine dose according to the schedule shown in Fig. 1A.
For a more detailed overview of the baseline characteristics please see Table 1 attached in the manuscript.
### Dataset description
Antibody titers measured by ELISA, Percentages of Immunophenotyping of studied cell subsets, and serum protein measurements were compiled into Excel sheets and fully anonymized. This data was provided as supplemental material with the original article.
RNA-sequencing data: RNA-seq analysis of 99 samples was performed using Illumina sequencing. Preprocessing of FASTQ raw reads was done with the nf-core/rnaseq v3.8 pipeline, with results saved in TSV format. The human genome was appended with vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 related genes prior to read alignment using STAR and gene expression quantification with Salmon.
Keywords: mRNA vaccines, innate immunity, Covid-19, coronavirus, vaccin
Beyond mammography : an evaluation of complementary modalities in breast imaging
No full textBreast cancer is the main cause of cancer death among women worldwide and the goal of mammography screening is to reduce breast cancer-specific mortality. The reduction of the sensitivity of mammography for detecting cancer among women with dense breasts requires the use of complementary methods for this subset of women. Three of the projects in this thesis examine the performance of such complementary methods and a fourth study investigates the association between the biomarker BPE (background parenchymal enhancement) and risk factors for breast cancer.In study 1, we prospectively compared the sensitivity and specificity of Automated Breast Volume Scanner (ABVS) with handheld ultrasound for detection of breast cancer among women with a suspicious mammographic finding who were recalled after attending the population-based mammography screening program. We performed both methods on 113 women and found 26 malignant lesions. Analysis was performed in two categories: breasts with a suspicious screening mammography and breasts with a negative screening mammography. In the first category (n=118) the sensitivity of both methods was 88% (p=1.0), the specificity of handheld ultrasound was 93.5 % and ABVS was 89.2%. The difference in specificity was not statistically significant (p=0.29). For breasts without a suspicious mammographic finding, the sensitivity of handheld ultrasound and ABVS was 100% (p=1.0), the specificity was 100% and 94.1% respectively. The difference in specificity was statistically significant (p=0.03). In summary, ABVS has similar sensitivity to handheld ultrasound, but lower specificity in breasts with a negative mammogram.In study 2, we explored the incremental cancer detection rate when adding a threedimensional infrared imaging (3DIRI) score to screening mammography among women with dense breasts (Volpara volumetric density >6 % on the previous mammography examination) who attended the population-based mammography screening program. Women with a negative mammogram and positive 3DIRI score were triaged for a DCEMRI examination to verify the presence of cancer. Of 1727 participants, 7 women had a mammography-detected breast cancer. Among women with a negative mammogram and a positive infrared imaging (n=219), an additional 6 cancers in 5 women were detected on MRI resulting in an incremental cancer detection rate of 22.5 per 1000. Among women with a negative mammography and infrared examination, one woman was diagnosed with breast cancer during the two-year follow-up. The study does not provide information on the proportion of cancers that might have been detected had MRI been performed among women with a negative mammogram and 3DIRI score. Consequently, this study does not shed light on the diagnostic accuracy of infrared imaging or whether using an infrared risk score is the optimal method for identifying women who would benefit from additional imaging modalities.In study 3, we used MRI examinations of study 2 among women without breast cancer (n=214) to explore the association between BPE at DCE-MRI and a large array of risk factors for breast cancer. Thanks to the Karma database, we had unique access to data from self-reporting questionnaires on risk factors. BPE and mammographic density were assessed visually by three radiologists and BPE was further dichotomized into low and high. We created categorical variables for other risk factors. We calculated the univariable associations between BPE and each risk factor and fitted an adjusted logistic regression model. In the adjusted model, we found a negative association with age (p=0.002), and a positive association with BMI (p=0.03). There was a statistically significant association with systemic progesterone (p=0.03) but since only five participants used progesterone preparations, the result is uncertain. Although the likelihood for high BPE increased with increase in mammographic density, the association was not statistically significant (p=0.23). We were able to confirm earlier findings that BPE is associated with age, BMI and progesterone, but we could not find an association with other risk factors for breast cancer.In study 4, we compared the diagnostic accuracy, reading-time, and inter-rater agreement of an abbreviated protocol (aMRI) to the routine full protocol (fMRI) of contrast-enhanced breast MRI. The MRI examinations were performed before biopsy and among women who were not part of a surveillance program due to an increased familial risk of breast cancer. Analysis was performed on a per breast basis. Aggregated across three readers, the sensitivity and specificity were 93.0% and 91.7% for aMRI, and 92.0% and 94.3% for the fMRI. Using a generalized estimating equations approach to compare the two protocols, the difference in sensitivity was not statistically significant (p=0.840), and the difference in specificity was significant (p=0.003). There was a statistically significant difference in average reading time of 67 seconds for aMRI and 126 seconds for the fMRI (p= 0.000). The inter-rater agreement was 0.79 for aMRI and 0.83 for fMRI. We were able to demonstrate that the abbreviated protocol has similar sensitivity to the full protocol even if MRI is performed before biopsy and the images lack telltale signs of malignancy.In conclusion, this thesis provides new knowledge about the biomarker BPE, broadens our knowledge on the diagnostic accuracy of two different imaging modalities and highlights the importance of good study design for diagnostic accuracy studies.List of scientific papersI. Roxanna Hellgren, Paul Dickman, Karin Leifland, Ariel Saracco, Per Hall, Fuat Celebioglu. Comparison of handheld ultrasound and automated breast ultrasound in women recalled after mammography screening. Acta Radiologica. 2017;58:515-520. https://doi.org/10.1177/0284185116665421 II. Roxanna Hellgren, Ann Sundbom, Kamila Czene, David Izhaky, Per Hall, Paul Dickman. Does three-dimensional functional infrared imaging improve breast cancer detection based on digital mammography in women with dense breasts? European Radiology. 2019;29:6227-6235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06248-y III. Roxanna Hellgren, Ariel Saracco, Fredrik Strand, Mikael Eriksson, Ann Sundbom, Per Hall, Paul Dickman. The association between breast cancer risk factors and background parenchymal enhancement at dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI. Acta Radiologica. 2020;61:1600-1607. https://doi.org/10.1177/0284185120911583 IV. Roxanna Hellgren, Ernst Tolocka, Ariel Saracco, Brigitte Wilczek, Ann Sundbom, Per Hall, Paul Dickman. Comparing the diagnostic accuracy, reading time and inter-rater agreement of breast MRI abbreviated and full protocol: a multi-reader study. [Manuscript]</p
Det machiavellistiska personlighetsdragets förekomst bland fastighetsmäklare: En studie med fokus på försäljningsprestationer
No full textTitle: The occurrence of the Machiavellian personality trait among real estate agents: A study focusing on sales performance Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degrees in Business Administration Author: Jessica Backman & Fanny Hellgren Supervisor: Jonas Kågström Date: 2019 - June Aim: The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the presence of the personality trait Machiavellianism among Swedish real estate agents and its impact on sales performances. Method: The study is based on a quantitative research method with a deductive approach. The primary data of this study is based on a questionnaire. The participants of this questionnaire are 106 registered real estate agents in Sweden. This data was subsequently analyzed in the program jamovi, which resulted in a descriptive analysis, a correlation analysis and a factor analysis. Result & Conclusions: The result shows that the degree of Machiavellianism negatively affects the investigated real estate agents to all sales performance measures. Furthermore, the result shows that people with a high degree of Machiavellianism thinks to a greater extent that it is okay to use cap prices, front man and to withhold information, to the extent that it occurs. Generally speaking, the participating real estate agents consider that it is not okay to use cap prices, front man and to withhold information. Furthermore, the degree of Machiavellianism is relatively low among the investigated real estate agents. Contribution of the thesis: The study has contributed to understanding the occurrence of the Machiavellian personality trait among the investigated real estate brokers and how this personality trait affects their sales performance. Suggestions for future research: In order to gain a deeper understanding of Machiavellianism's influence on sales performance, it would have been interesting to compare how Machiavellianism appears in different cultures in relation to sales performance. To increase the understanding of the subject further, a proposal is to investigate how the degree of Machiavellianism appears in different sales industries. Key words: “Machiavellianism”, “the dark triad”, “real estate”, “sales performance” and “sales
Synligt och osynligt: om det unika i Göteborgs universitetsbibliotek
No full textTexterna i den här antologin belyser hur bibliotek tillför samlingar ett värde genom att beskriva och ordna dem, men också att bibliotekarier och arkivarier är med och påverkar bibliotekets samlingar. Elva skribenter rör sig i biblioteket och arkiven, fördjupar sig i personligt utvalda material och skildrar deras historia. Det blir till berättelser om det som inte passar in, det olämpliga, det som gömts undan. Berättelser som handlar om tomrum, tystnader, minnen, vänskap och identiteter — synligt och osynligt
En ny säsong i Björnstad : En modern romans didaktiska potential i litteraturundervisning på gymnasieskolan kopplat till sexualitet, samtycke och relationer.
No full textThe aim of this study is to analyse the didactic potential found in the novel Beartown (Backman, 2016) in relation to sex education as a part of literature studies in Swedish upper secondary school. Focusing on the three central terms of Swedish sex education, the study analyses the depiction of sexuality, consent, and relationships found within the novel from a gender and ideological perspective using the method of explicit and implicit ideology read as presented by an implied author. The results of the analysis show that Beartown depicts an environment that constructs and reinforces a heteronormative ideal and male-centric perspective as it relates to these terms. While the novel´s implied author is critical of said depiction and the negative consequences for the characters affected, the novel does not provide a preferred alternative to the problematic environment depicted. However, this criticism does help to provide a promising foundation for discussing sex education and sexuality, consent, and relationships within a classroom context.
En ny säsong i Björnstad : En modern romans didaktiska potential i litteraturundervisning på gymnasieskolan kopplat till sexualitet, samtycke och relationer.
No full textThe aim of this study is to analyse the didactic potential found in the novel Beartown (Backman, 2016) in relation to sex education as a part of literature studies in Swedish upper secondary school. Focusing on the three central terms of Swedish sex education, the study analyses the depiction of sexuality, consent, and relationships found within the novel from a gender and ideological perspective using the method of explicit and implicit ideology read as presented by an implied author. The results of the analysis show that Beartown depicts an environment that constructs and reinforces a heteronormative ideal and male-centric perspective as it relates to these terms. While the novel´s implied author is critical of said depiction and the negative consequences for the characters affected, the novel does not provide a preferred alternative to the problematic environment depicted. However, this criticism does help to provide a promising foundation for discussing sex education and sexuality, consent, and relationships within a classroom context.
Tankeredskap för mångsidig bedömning av laborationer
No full textDet är svårt att bedöma elevers prestationer vid laborationer. Lärare behöver därför ett mångsidigt och likvärdigt betygsunderlag som tar hänsyn till elevernas kunskaper i de olika delarna av undersökande arbete. I den här texten lyfter vi exempel på redskap som kan stödja lärares bedömning genom att tydliggöra vilken kunskap som elever kan ge uttryck för i samband med systematiska undersökningar
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