1,721,344 research outputs found
Research and Development of the Micromegas Detector for the New Small Wheel upgrade in the ATLAS Experiment
No full textThe Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator ever made. LHC commenced on 10 September 2008, consisting of a 27 km ring of superconducting magnets, operating at temperatures (-271.3 "^{o}"C) colder than the outer space, guiding the particles through their journey to the collision point. The magnet system includes 1232 dipole magnets 15 meters in length bend the beams, and 392 quadrupole magnets, each 5-7 meters long, focus the beam. A number of accelerating structures, called radio-frequency cavities, boost the particles close to the speed of light preparing them for the upcoming collisions. The collisions in the LHC occur at four positions around the ring, that corresponds to the locations of the four particle detectors, namely ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb. In order to surpass the scientific expectations and the challenges that will be presented during the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era, the four experiments need to be upgraded. This dissertation aims to present a comprehensive overview of one of the two general multi-purpose high luminosity experiments, the ATLAS detector and mainly the Muon Spectrometer (MS) and the upgrade of its first forward muon station, the so-called, New Small Wheel (NSW). ATLAS, an abbreviation for A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS, has been built in order to study a broad spectrum of physics, evaluating the nature of the fundamental cornerstones of our universe by either confirming the Standard Model or revealing possible clues for new ones. The Muon Spectrometer lies outside the hadronic calorimeter, completing in such way the detector's entity. The spectrometer is devoted to the identification and the measurement of the momenta of muons based on the magnetic deflection of the muon tracks by a system of superconducting air-core toroid magnets. The motivation of this upgrade project stems from the current conditions of the ATLAS muon spectrometer which will exceed its design capabilities in the high background radiation expected during Run-3 (2021), and ultimately in HL-LHC (2026). Additionally, the muon trigger rate will exceed the available bandwidth due to the fake endcap muon triggers, where more than 90% emerges from low energy charged particles emitted by the radiation shielding and the materials of the endcap toroid. In order to cope with the foreseen increasing rate, the collaboration has decided to replace the SW with a New SW (NSW) system, that combines sTGC and resistive MM detectors maintaining in such way the excellent performance of the muon system beyond Run-2. The NSW requires that both technologies will provide level-1 trigger and pattern recognition performance of the reconstruction of track segments, consisting of a fully redundant multi-layered system. The tracking performance should achieve a position resolution of about 50 μm, which results in a position resolution better than 100 μm per plane for the planned 4-layer detector. The online reconstructed track segments for triggering should achieve an angular resolution better than 1mrad (RMS) at high efficiency (> 95%) in the full pseudo-rapidity coverage of the detector (1.3 < |η| < 2.7). These can also confirm that the muon tracks originate from the IP, reduce the fake EM trigger rate to an acceptable level (< 20kHz). In order to demonstrate and prove that the MM satisfies the NSW requirements several tests have been performed on small (10 x 10 cm2) resistive-strip MM chambers using medium (10 GeV/c) and high (150 GeV/c) momentum hadron beams at CERN. For the NSW of the ATLAS experiment a gas distribution system has to be appropriately designed in order to ensure the required gas renewals rate among the Micromegas Multiplets and to achieve a uniform distribution of the gas flow through the different gas supply branches. The gas mixture that will be used for the operation of the Micromegas is the well-known Ar+7%CO2 at atmospheric pressure. The gas distribution scheme is optimized for the minimization of the gas pressure and its variation due to the gravity by simulating the gas flow along the pipes of the inlet and outlet channels. Two consecutive wedges of the same type are supplied by one gas channel, with a total of 16 input and 16 output channels per wheel. Each gas channel is equipped with an impedance (Z), in order to keep the chamber's pressure below 1 mbar, and with the use of a custom-made manifold distributes the gas from both sides of the outer module to the inner module via interconnections. From the output of the inner module, the gas is circulated back to the main lines. Complementary to the R&D of the MM detector, an intuitive control system was of vital importance. The Micromegas for the Small Wheel (MMSW) DCS has been developed, following closely the existing look, feel and command architecture of the other Muon sub-systems, in view of being a basis for future developments for the final NSW DCS integration. The principal task of the DCS is to enable the coherent and safe operation of the detector by continuously monitoring its operational parameters and its overall state. Additionally, several contributions have been made in expanding and improving the efficiency and functionality of the ATLAS Muon Detector Control System (DCS). The two major developments that were accomplished concern the implementation of a tool to study the current behavior of the chambers during the High luminosity runs in ATLAS, while the second one was the integration of the small-diameter Muon Drift Tube (sMDT) chambers, which serve the increase of the acceptance for the precision muon momentum measurement, improving the rate capability of the muon chambers in the high-background regions. Both developments are integrated into the ATLAS DCS and are used on the regular operation of the ATLAS detector. As in all discovery journeys, and so in this one, there may be pitfalls that will make you deviate from your initial track. Obstacles that are in fact an opportunity for new knowledge. Everything in life is a matter of perspectives; it doesn't matter how many times you will lose your track, what actually counts is to continue the journey until you reach your final destination
The High Voltage DCS System for the New Small Wheel upgrade of the ATLAS experiment
No full textThe ATLAS muon spectrometer will exceed its design capabilities in the high background radiation as expected during the upcoming runs and at HL-LHC. In order to cope with the foreseen limitations, it was decided to replace the SW with a New SW (NSW) system, by combining two prototype detectors, the sTGC and resistive Micromegas. Both technologies are "aligned" to the ATLAS general baselines for the NSW upgrade project, maintaining in such way the excellent performance of the muon system beyond Run-3. Complementary to the R&D of these detectors, an intuitive control system was of vital importance. The Micromegas DCS (MMG HV) and the sTGC DCS (STG HV) for the NSW have been developed, following closely the existing look, feel and command architecture of the other Muon sub-systems. The principal task of the DCS is to enable the coherent and safe operation of the detector by continuously monitoring its operational parameters and its overall state. Both technologies will be installed in ATLAS and will be readout and monitored through the common infrastructure. Aim of this work is the description of the development and implementation of a DCS for the HV system of both technologies.The ATLAS muon spectrometer will exceed its design capabilities in the high background radiation as expected during the upcoming runs and at HL-LHC. In order to cope with the foreseen limitations, it was decided to replace the SW with a New SW (NSW) system, by combining two prototype detectors, the sTGC & and resistive Micromegas. Both technologies are ’aligned’ to the ATLAS general baselines for the NSW upgrade project, maintaining in such way the excellent performance of the muon system beyond Run-3. Complementary to the R&D of these detectors, an intuitive control system was of vital importance. The Micromegas DCS (MMG HV) and the sTGC DCS (STG HV) for the NSW have been developed, following closely the existing look, feel and command architecture of the other Muon sub-systems. The principal task of the DCS is to enable the coherent and safe operation of the detector by continuously monitoring its operational parameters and its overall state. Both technologies will be installed in ATLAS and will be readout and monitored through the common infrastructure. Aim of this work is the description of the development and implementation of a DCS for the HV system of both technologies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Research and development of the Micromegas detector for the New Small Wheel upgrade in the ATLAS experiment
No full textThe Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator ever made. LHC commenced on 10 September 2008, consisting of a 27 km ring of superconducting magnets, operating at temperatures (-271.3 oC) colder than the outer space, guiding the particles through their journey to the collision point. The magnet system includes 1232 dipole magnets 15 meters in length bend the beams, and 392 quadrupole magnets, each 5-7 meters long, focus the beam. A number of accelerating structures, called radio-frequency cavities, boost the particles close to the speed of light preparing them for the upcoming collisions. The collisions in the LHC occur at four positions around the ring, that corresponds to the locations of the four particle detectors, namely ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb. In order to surpass the scientific expectations and the challenges that will be presented during the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era, the four experiments need to be upgraded. This dissertation aims to present a comprehensive overview of one of the two general multi-purpose high luminosity experiments, the ATLAS detector and mainly the Muon Spectrometer (MS) and the upgrade of its first forward muon station, the so-called, New Small Wheel (NSW). ATLAS, an abbreviation for A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS, has been built in order to study a broad spectrum of physics, evaluating the nature of the fundamental cornerstones of our universe by either confirming the Standard Model or revealing possible clues for new ones. The Muon Spectrometer lies outside the hadronic calorimeter, completing in such way the detector's entity. The spectrometer is devoted to the identification and the measurement of the momenta of muons based on the magnetic deflection of the muon tracks by a system of superconducting air-core toroid magnets. The motivation of this upgrade project stems from the current conditions of the ATLAS muon spectrometer which will exceed its design capabilities in the high background radiation expected during Run-3 (2021), and ultimately in HL-LHC (2026). Additionally, the muon trigger rate will exceed the available bandwidth due to the fake endcap muon triggers, where more than 90\% emerges from low energy charged particles emitted by the radiation shielding and the materials of the endcap toroid. In order to cope with the foreseen increasing rate, the collaboration has decided to replace the SW with a New SW (NSW) system, that combines sTGC and resistive MM detectors maintaining in such way the excellent performance of the muon system beyond Run-2.The NSW requires that both technologies will provide level-1 trigger and pattern recognition performance of the reconstruction of track segments, consisting a fully redundant multi-layered system. The tracking performance should achieve a position resolution of about 50 μm, which results to a position resolution better than 100 μm per plane for the planned 4-layer detector. The online reconstructed track segments for triggering should achieve an angular resolution better than 1mrad (RMS) at high efficiency (> 95%) in the full pseudo-rapidity coverage of the detector (1.3 < |η| < 2.7). These can also confirm that the muon tracks originate from the IP, reduce the fake EM trigger rate to an acceptable level (< 20kHz). In order to demonstrate and prove that the MM satisfies the NSW requirements several tests have been performed on small (10 x 10 cm2) resistive-strip MM chambers using medium (10 GeV/c) and high (150 GeV/c) momentum hadron beams at CERN. For the NSW of the ATLAS experiment a gas distribution system has to be appropriately designed in order to ensure the required gas renewals rate among the Micromegas Multiplets and to achieve a uniform distribution of the gas flow through the different gas supply branches. The gas mixture that will be used for the operation of the Micromegas is the well-known Ar+7%CO2 at atmospheric pressure. The gas distribution scheme is optimized for the minimization of the gas pressure and its variation due to the gravity by simulating the gas flow along the pipes of the inlet and outlet channels. Two consecutive wedges of the same type are supplied by one gas channel, with a total of 16 input and 16 output channels per wheel. Each gas channel is equipped with an impedance (Z), in order to keep the chamber's pressure below 1 mbar, and with the use of a custom-made manifold distributes the gas from both sides of the outer module to the inner module via interconnections. From the output of the inner module the gas is circulated back to the main lines. Complementary to the R&D of the MM detector, an intuitive control system was of vital importance. The Micromegas for the Small Wheel (MMSW) DCS has been developed, following closely the existing look, feel and command architecture of the other Muon sub-systems, in view of being a basis for future developments for the final NSW DCS integration. The principal task of the DCS is to enable the coherent and safe operation of the detector by continuously monitoring its operational parameters and its overall state. Additionally, several contributions have been made in expanding and improving the efficiency and functionality of the ATLAS Muon Detector Control System (DCS). The two major developments that were accomplished concern the implementation of a tool to study the current behavior of the chambers during the High luminosity runs in ATLAS, while the second one was the integration of the small diameter Muon Drift Tube (sMDT) chambers, which serve the increase of the acceptance for the precision muon momentum measurement, improving the rate capability of the muon chambers in the high-background regions. Both developments are integrated into the ATLAS DCS and are used on the regular operation of the ATLAS detector.As in all discovery journeys, and so in this one, there may be pitfalls that will make you deviate from your initial track. Obstacles that are in fact an opportunity for new knowledge. Everything in life is a matter of perspectives; it doesn't matter how many times you will lose your track, what actually counts is to continue the journey until you reach your final destination!Ο Mεγάλος Eπιταχυντής Aδρονίων (LHC) είναι ο μεγαλύτερος και πιο ισχυρός επιταχυντής που έχει κατασκευαστεί. O LHC ξεκίνησε το ταξίδι του στις 10 Σεπτεμβρίου του 2008, αποτελούμενος από υπεραγώγιμους μαγνήτες, οι οποίοι λειτουργούν σε θερμοκρασίες χαμηλότερες και από αυτές του διαστήματος (κοντά στο απόλυτου μηδέν, -271.3 οC), συνθέτοντας έναν δακτύλιο με περίμετρο 27 km και παράγωντας μαγνητικά πεδία ισχυρότερα κατά 100,000 φορές από το μαγνητικό πεδίο της Γης. Το μαγνητικό σύστημα του LHC, αποτελείται από 1232 διπολικούς μαγνήτες, 15 μέτρων ο καθένας, οι οποίοι κατευθύνουν την δέσμη και 392 τετραπολικούς μαγνήτες, 5-7 μέτρων ο καθένας, οι οποίοι εστιάζουν την δέσμη. Το σύστημα των μαγνητών συμπληρώνεται από μεγαλύτερης τάξης μαγνήτες οι οποίοι χρησιμοποιούνται για την διόρθωση της δέσμης. Εκτός από τους μαγνήτες, ειδικές διατάξεις, που ονομάζονται «κοιλότητες ραδιοσυχνοτήτων», τοποθετημένες σε στρατηγικά σημεία στον δακτύλιο του LHC, με σκοπό να επιταχύνουν τα σωματίδια της δέσμης κοντά στην ταχύτητα του φωτός, προετοιμάζοντάς τα για τις επικείμενες συγκρούσεις. Οι συγκρούσεις των σωματιδίων λαμβάνουν χώρα σε μόλις 4 σημεία στον LHC, τα οποία αντιστοιχούν στις θέσεις των 4 μεγάλων πειραμάτων, ονομαστικά ATLAS, CMS, ALICE και LHCb. Για να καταφέρουν οι επιστήμονες να ξεπεράσουν τις προσδοκίες αλλά και τις προκλήσεις που θα εισαχθούν στην εποχή της Υψηλής Φωτεινότητας (HL-LHC) του επιταχυντή, όλα τα πειράματα θα πρέπει να αναβαθμιστούν. Η συγκεκριμένη διδακτορική διατριβή αποσκοπεί στην παρουσίαση μίας περιεκτικής περιγραφής της αναβάθμισης του πειράματος ATLAS, κυρίως του Μιονικού Φασματομέτρου (ΜΦ) αλλά και της αναβάθμισης του εσωτερικού σταθμού του ATLAS, τον ονομαζόμενο New Small Wheel (NSW). Ο ανιχνευτής ATLAS, συντομογραφία του «A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS», κατασκευάστηκε με σκοπό την μελέτη ενός διευρυμένου πεδίου της φυσικής, αξιολογώντας τη φύση των ακρογωνιαίων λίθων του σύμπαντος είτε επιβεβαιώνοντας το Καθιερωμένο Πρότυπο είτε φανερώνοντας νέα στοιχεία για την ύπαρξη νέων σωματιδίων. Το ΜΦ καλύπτει εξωτερικά των ανιχνευτή, ορίζοντας με αυτόν τον τρόπο την διάστασή του. Είναι αφοσιωμένο στην αναγνώριση και στην μέτρηση της ορμής των μιονίων, χρησιμοποιώντας την τεχνική της καμπύλωσης της τροχιάς των σωματιδίων με τη βοήθεια ενός συστήματος δακτυλιοειδών υπεραγώγιμων μαγνητών με πυρήνα αέρα. Το κίνητρο για την αναβάθμισή του βασίστηκε στην αναμενόμενη υπέρβαση του ορίου λειτουργίας του λόγω του προβλεπόμενου υψηλού υποβάθρου ακτινοβολίας στο RUN-3 (2021) και κατ' επέκταση στο HL-LHC (2026). Επιπρόσθετα, ο ρυθμός καταγραφής δεδομένων θα υπερβεί το εύρος ζώνης μετάδοσης λόγω των ψεύτικων σημάτων από σωματίδια που προέρχονται από τα υλικά θωράκισης του ανιχνευτή αλλά και των μαγνητών. Προκειμένου να αντιμετωπιστεί η προβλεπόμενη αυτή αύξηση των ανιχνεύσιμων σωματιδίων, η κοινότητα του ATLAS αποφάσισε να αντικαταστήσει τον υπάρχοντα υποσταθμό μιονίων της συγκεκριμένης περιοχής με έναν νέο, ο οποίος θα συνδυάσει δύο νέες τεχνολογίες ανιχνευτών, τους sTGC και τους Micromegas οι οποίοι χαρακτηρίζονται από εξαιρετικές επιδόσεις, διατηρώντας σε υψηλά επίπεδα την συνολική απόδοση του ΜΦ στην νέα εποχή Υψηλής Φωτεινότητας. Η αναβάθμιση του NSW απαιτεί και από τις δύο τεχνολογίες να συστήσουν ένα πλήρως αυτόνομο πολυστρωματικό σύστημα, λειτουργώντας ως σταθμοί ενεργοποίησης καταγραφής, αναγνώρισης προτύπων και ανακατασκευής γεγονότων. Οι ανιχνευτές πρέπει να είναι ικανοί να μετρήσουν την θέση καταγραφής ενός γεγονότος με ακρίβεια της τάξης των 50 μm. Επιπρόσθετα, η απευθείας ανακατασκευή των τροχιών των σωματιδίων επιτάσσει την ικανότητα μέτρησης της γωνίας ανίχνευσης των σωματιδίων με μεγάλη ακρίβεια 1 mrad, RMS) στην περιοχή ψευδο-ωκύτητας 1.3 < |η| < 2.7. Το συγκεκριμένο κριτήριο μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί και για την ταυτοποίηση των τροχιών από το σημείο σύγκρουσης στο κέντρο του ανιχνευτικού συμπλέγματος του ATLAS, μειώνοντας την καταγραφή των ψεύτικων γεγονότων εντός του επιτρεπτού ορίου (<20 kHz). Προκείμενου να αποδειχθεί ότι η τεχνολογία Micromegas είναι η καταλληλότερη για την αντιμετώπιση αυτών των δυσκολιών, πληρώντας όλα τα κριτήρια που έθεσε η κοινότητα του ATLAS, έχουν υποβληθεί σε ειδικά σχεδιασμένα πειράματα με δέσμες αδρονίων μέτριας (10 GeV/c) αλλά και υψηλής (150 GeV/c) ενέργειας στις εγκαταστάσεις του CERN. Για την σωστή λειτουργία του NSW, ένα σύστημα διανομής αερίου χρειάστηκε να σχεδιαστεί προκειμένου να εξασφαλιστεί η αναμενόμενη παροχή του μεταξύ των ανιχνευτών Micromegas αλλά και να επιτευχθεί ομοιόμορφη στρωτή ροή. Το μίγμα αερίου που θα χρησιμοποιηθεί είναι το Ar+7%CO2 σε ατμοσφαιρική πίεση. Το σύστημα παροχής αερίου έχει βελτιστοποιηθεί ώστε να μειωθεί η πίεση του αερίου και οι διακυμάνσεις της εξαιτίας της βαρύτητας, με τη βοήθεια προσομοιώσεων της ροής του αερίου μεταξύ των σημείων εισόδου και εξόδου. Κάθε NSW αποτελείται από 16 κανάλια αερίου εισόδου και 16 κανάλια εξόδου, με κάθε κανάλι να τροφοδοτεί δύο γειτονικούς ανιχνευτές. Όλα τα κανάλια είναι εφοδιασμένα με μία ``αντίσταση'' προκειμένου να διατηρούν την πίεση του θαλάμου του ανιχνευτή σε ασφαλή επίπεδα (<1 mbar). Εντός των θαλάμων υπάρχει ένα ειδικά σχεδιασμένο σύστημα ψεκασμού του αερίου παρέχοντας αέριο και από τις δύο πλευρές του ανιχνευτή ώστε να τροφοδοτείται ομοιόμορφα όλος ο όγκος του ανιχνευτή. Το αέριο αναδιανέμεται από την έξοδο του ανιχνευτή στο κύριο σύστημα αερίου του ATLAS. Για την ασφαλή λειτουργία των ανιχνευτών, ένα διαισθητικό σύστημα αυτομάτου ελέγχου ήταν μείζονος σημασίας. Το MMSW DCS δημιουργήθηκε για το σκοπό αυτό, ακολουθώντας τη ίδια μορφολογία και αρχιτεκτονική των υπολοίπων μιονικών υποσυστημάτων, αλλά και για να λειτουργήσει ως η βάση για μελλοντικές αναβαθμίσεις. Το κύριο καθήκον του DCS είναι να επιτρέπει τη συνεκτική και ασφαλή λειτουργία του ανιχνευτή παρακολουθώντας συνεχώς τις λειτουργικές του παραμέτρους και τη συνολική του κατάσταση. Παράλληλα με την ανάπτυξη του συγκεκριμένου συστήματος, έγιναν αρκετές προσθήκες στο υπάρχον σύστημα ελέγχου των μιονικών ανιχνευτών, βελτιώνοντας την αποτελεσματικότητα και την λειτουργικότητα του Συστήματος Ελέγχου Ανιχνευτών Ανίχνευσης. Οι δύο σημαντικές προσθήκες που πραγματοποιήθηκαν αφορούν την εφαρμογή ενός εργαλείου για τη μελέτη της τρέχουσας συμπεριφοράς των θαλάμων κατά τη διάρκεια της μεταβατικής περιοχής Υψηλής Φωτεινότητας, ενώ η δεύτερη ήταν η ενσωμάτωση των θαλάμων μικρού διαμέτρου Muon Drift Tube (sMDT), οι οποίοι υπηρετούν το σύστημα αυξάνοντας την περιοχή αποδοχής μιονίων, βελτιώνοντας την ικανότητα καταγραφής του συστήματος στις περιοχές υψηλού υποβάθρου. Και οι δύο προσθήκες ενσωματώθηκαν στο κεντρικό σύστημα ελέγχου ATLAS DCS και χρησιμοποιούνται για την ασφαλή λειτουργία του ανιχνευτή ATLAS.Όπως σε όλα τα ταξίδια έτσι και σε αυτό της ανακάλυψης, ενδέχεται να παρουσιαστούν σκόπελοι που θα σε κάνουν να παρεκκλίνεις από την πορεία σου. Εμπόδια όμως τα οποία στην ουσία τους αποτελούν ευκαιρία προς την ίδια την γνώση. Τα πάντα στη ζωή είναι θέμα οπτικής γωνίας, δεν έχει σημασία πόσες φορές θα χάσεις τον δρόμο, αυτό που μετράει είναι να συνεχίσεις το ταξίδι μέχρι να φτάσεις στον τελικό προορισμό
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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