1,720,986 research outputs found
Psychic Distance and Online Internationalisation - Learning about Distant Customers
No full textThis paper seeks to investigate how cross-border commerce via online media is affected the incidence of psychic distance. The term psychic distance is normally understood as the degree to which a firm is uncertain about the environment in a foreign market. This uncertainty is important because it is a major cause of marketing blunders, even by firms that are generally recognised as possessing market prowess and the skills to analyse and understand customer behaviour. The literature on traditional patterns of internationalisation implicitly links the concept of psychic to the notion of organisational learning, whereby predominantly tacit knowledge relating to locally embedded customer behaviour patterns is the key impediment to a full understanding of market conditions. This literature thus strongly suggests that formal knowledge acquisition, e.g. through market research prior to entry is not likely to dilute psychic distance in a significant way. The key to reducing psychic distance is experiential and operational experience, gained cumulatively through the process of local market interactions. It is apparent that a process of pure online internationalisation reduces opportunities for experiential learning and to that extent undermines the process of organisational learning, focussed on market and consumer environments. On the other hand, a key feature of online commerce is that it potentially provides for closer customer intimacy and information exchange. This may have the affect of reducing psychic distance as the online dialogue with consumers may prod the marketer to a better realisation of some cultural and local determinants of customer demand. However, this cannot necessarily be regarded as a reliable basis for learning about particular foreign markets. At best therefore online customer activism is only an imperfect substitute for experiential learning from physical operations on specific markets. There is therefore uncertainty as to whether online cross-border commerce may be subject to high or low degrees of psychic distance. Furthermore there is a total absence of empirical work focussing on psychic distance in the context of online commerce and customer interaction. This paper seeks to remedy this gap and provide exploratory insights into the phenomenon of psychic distance and online internationalisation. The focus is on the development of propositions for how psychic distance plays out in the context of online commerce. The propositions will need to reflect the diversity of online commerce, for example it might be expected that online commerce of digital products may be subject to much lower degrees of psychic distance, whereas online commerce of atom-based products may be subject to higher psychic distance levels
Psychic Distance and Online Internationalisation - Learning about Distant Customers
No full textThis paper seeks to investigate how cross-border commerce via online media is affected the incidence of psychic distance. The term psychic distance is normally understood as the degree to which a firm is uncertain about the environment in a foreign market. This uncertainty is important because it is a major cause of marketing blunders, even by firms that are generally recognised as possessing market prowess and the skills to analyse and understand customer behaviour. The literature on traditional patterns of internationalisation implicitly links the concept of psychic to the notion of organisational learning, whereby predominantly tacit knowledge relating to locally embedded customer behaviour patterns is the key impediment to a full understanding of market conditions. This literature thus strongly suggests that formal knowledge acquisition, e.g. through market research prior to entry is not likely to dilute psychic distance in a significant way. The key to reducing psychic distance is experiential and operational experience, gained cumulatively through the process of local market interactions. It is apparent that a process of pure online internationalisation reduces opportunities for experiential learning and to that extent undermines the process of organisational learning, focussed on market and consumer environments. On the other hand, a key feature of online commerce is that it potentially provides for closer customer intimacy and information exchange. This may have the affect of reducing psychic distance as the online dialogue with consumers may prod the marketer to a better realisation of some cultural and local determinants of customer demand. However, this cannot necessarily be regarded as a reliable basis for learning about particular foreign markets. At best therefore online customer activism is only an imperfect substitute for experiential learning from physical operations on specific markets. There is therefore uncertainty as to whether online cross-border commerce may be subject to high or low degrees of psychic distance. Furthermore there is a total absence of empirical work focussing on psychic distance in the context of online commerce and customer interaction. This paper seeks to remedy this gap and provide exploratory insights into the phenomenon of psychic distance and online internationalisation. The focus is on the development of propositions for how psychic distance plays out in the context of online commerce. The propositions will need to reflect the diversity of online commerce, for example it might be expected that online commerce of digital products may be subject to much lower degrees of psychic distance, whereas online commerce of atom-based products may be subject to higher psychic distance levels
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A multilevel investigation into the impact of servicescapes on the service encounter
No full textThe majority of studies on servicescapes focus on the customer side neglecting the important impact on the employee side. Furthermore, no study has ever empirically validated the notion that service atmospherics can enhance or constrain the employee-customer interaction. This is the first study to introduce a multilevel framework examining the impact of servicescapes on both sides of the service encounter and their interaction and involving data collection from both customers and employees. The SEM and HLM analyses demonstrate that customers' interaction quality perceptions can be both directly and indirectly affected by servicescape perceptions. In this context, employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors impact is examined and found to be affected by servicescape perceptions
From 'user insights' to 'user foresights' : applying video-based ethnographic narratives and user innovation in NPD
Get PDFVideo-based ethnographic narratives is an advanced ethnographic mode for user innovation and user foresights. This mode adopts both an emic and an etic research perspective that complement each other.User “logos”, “ethos”, “pathos” and “topos” are the antecedents for ordinary user innovation
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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