1,721,546 research outputs found
Language structure in Kanmani Gunasekaran's Short Stories
Get PDFA proverb is a language that conveys an ancient meaning. This proverb has been in vogue since the time of Tholkappiar. The proverb is the language of experience of the ancients. Such experiences are acquired in abundance in the countryside. The experiential languages thus obtained are capable of interpreting the literal meaning of words according to the situation. Kanmani Gunasekaran has used proverbs wherever necessary so that too much narration does not come in the way of the flow of the story. The use of proverbs shows the economy of words of the people. In some places, the proverb goes along with the spoken language in his short stories. There is no literature of the present day without a mixture of words from other languages. Kanmani Gunasekaran, like other writers, has used words from other languages in the middle of the story. However, in his short stories, there is a significant use of foreign words. The use of foreign words is very helpful in understanding the literacy of the living people. The author did not impose foreign words on his style. The language of his short stories, therefore, is more or less similar to that of the folk people. In this way, the author has recorded the words of other languages spoken in his short stories. In this regard, this article seeks to examine his language system with the help of one of his works, Vellerukku Short Story Collection
Language and Life in Kanmani Gunasekaran's Short Stories
Get PDF"Language" is not only a tool to express human ideas and thoughts but it also helps us to reveal the lifestyle of the people. Man reflects his life through language. In the same way, the language used by the people around Villupuram, Cuddalore, Virudhachalam, and Perambalur, proclaims the lifestyle of the people to the world through their language. Kanmani Gunasekaran has moved the direction of his short story by focusing on those people. It is possible to know how these people use each word, proverbs and idioms in their life, how the meaning of those words and expressions is suitable in their life, about the things they use in their daily life and the situations faced by those people. Kanmani Gunasekaran in his short stories explained about the woman, who even after losing her husband doesn’t expect help from others and put forth all her effort to led her life, various practical life ideas such as the way of living by considering other people's suffering as one's own suffering, prejudice can hurt relationships, the state of using existing space according to our convenience and women can show their unwillingness openly. Overall, this article aims to explore all these things
Worship and Traditions that are revealed in Kanmani Gunasekaran's collection of short stories, "Poorani Porkalai"
Get PDFDue to various transformations of images, the man who worshipped nature switched to idolatry, the worship of the deity. In his short stories, Kanmani Gunasekaran has written about the Guarding Deity worship followed by the people of The Centre region in the middle country, such as Villupuram, Cuddalore, and Vriddhachalam, in a variety of forms of worship such as Minor Deity worship, sepulchral stone worship, ancestor worship, etc. This thesis examines the manner in which the author has recorded the method of praying for the removal of his grievances, the method of offering objects in the temple if his request is fulfilled, the method of offering oblations to the guardian deities, and the traditional beliefs followed to ward off the spirits caused by the evil death, such as ghosts
Social Structure and Reactions in the Works of Kanmani Gunasekaran
Get PDFLiterature is the instrument for recording the emotions of mankind. Human happiness and suffering are seen to be subject to the governance of society. Even the preferred sentiments are forgotten or made to be forgotten by society, which is the controlling instrument of every event in human life. Due to this, the man is affected psychologically. As a reaction to this, he suffers from mental conflict. Innovations are being created in Tamil focusing on this art. In this way, Kanmani Gunasekaran has become a remarkable person for creating novels that contain the miseries found in society. This article explores many psychological reactions can be felt in her novels, from mental struggle to the Oedipus complex
A systematic review with subset meta-analysis of studies exploring memory recall biases for pain-related information in adults with chronic pain
No full textPain-related memory biases have been frequently explored in individuals with chronic pain, and along with attentional and interpretation biases are hypothesised to contribute to the onset and/or maintenance of chronic pain. The aim of this review is to provide a systematic review and synthesis of studies exploring memory recall biases for pain-related information in individuals with chronic pain relative to healthy controls and the recall of neutral information. Studies were identified via a search of Medline, PsychINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Open Grey databases. Search terms were memory, recall, recognition, and bias*, intersected with pain. Eighteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Sub-set meta-analyses are also reported from 12 studies with relevant between-groups data (comparing recall in chronic pain versus healthy control groups) and 12 studies with relevant within-groups data (for example comparing recall of pain-related/emotional versus neutral words). Between-groups analysis revealed significantly weaker recall bias for affective-pain words in individuals with chronic pain relative to healthy controls, but only when non-depressed chronic pain individuals were included. No significant differences were found between groups in the recall of sensory-pain, illness-related or depression-related words. Within-groups analysis revealed individuals with chronic pain show a significant recall bias favouring sensory-pain words relative to neutral and affective-pain words, and a bias for illness-related words relative to depression-related words. A recall bias favouring neutral words was found in healthy individuals. Evidence for the presence of pain-related memory biases in patients with chronic pain is inconclusive. Further methodologically rigorous research is required
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of conditioned pain modulation in children and young people with chronic pain
No full textBackground/Objectives: Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a psychophysical experimental measure of the endogenous pain inhibitory pathway in humans, wherein one pain stimulus (the conditioning stimulus) is used to inhibit an individual’s perception of a second painful (test) stimulus. Research provides evidence of impaired endogenous inhibitory pain responses in adults with chronic pain. CPM is now increasingly applied in paediatric research and clinical practice. The primary aim of this systematic review was to examine the efficacy of CPM in paediatric chronic pain populations (6–24-year-olds) compared to pain-free children and young people (CYP). Methods: The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020221927). A systematic search of seven databases was conducted from database inception to 20th June 2024. Study inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) recruited a sample of CYP aged 6 to 24 (inclusive) with chronic pain or who were pain-free; and (ii) applied a CPM paradigm comprising both a painful test and conditioning stimuli that were sufficiently detailed to allow for replication,(iii) adhered to a study design of randomised control trial, case control or cohort study, including cross-sectional or longitudinal; (iv) available in the English language. Study exclusion criteria were: (i) The CPM paradigm used a non-painful test or conditioning stimulus only; and (ii) was only available as an abstract, letter, poster, editorial, case report, or review with or without meta-analyses. Risk of bias was assessed using the Appraisal Tool for Cross Sectional Studies (AXIS). Meta-analyses were conducted in Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.0 using random effects models to compare the overall CPM responses in CYP with chronic pain conditions to healthy control CYP. Results: Thirty-two studies were eligible for inclusion, six of which were included in one or more meta-analysis (n = 407 chronic pain, n = 205 control). Meta-analysis revealed significantly weaker CPM responses in CYP with a variety of chronic pain conditions compared to healthy controls (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.352), and significantly weaker CPM responses in CYP with abdominal pain conditions compared to healthy controls (SMD = 0.685). No significant difference in CPM response was found between CYP with migraine and healthy controls (SMD = −0.201). Conclusions: Variable results were found across individual studies, and the meta-analysis of the small number of eligible studies provides tentative evidence for impaired CPM in CYP with chronic pain compared to healthy controls. Further research is clearly needed. In particular, studies should present CPM results separately for different age groups, ethnic groups, and sexes, as these variables shape clinical pain responses
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