2,928 research outputs found
AHC interview with Eric Kandel
No full textDigital recordingJuly 19, 2013Eric Kandel was born on Nov. 7, 1929 into a lower middle-class family in Vienna. His father Hermann Kandel had a toy store. After Anschluss he and his brother Ludwig, who was 14 at the time, left Austria via Belgium for the US, where an uncle already lived in Brooklyn. The parents also managed to leave Austria later on. Before studying medicine Eric studied history and literature at Harvard university. He then became interested in neuroscience and became one of the leading scientists in the field. Eric Kandel was awarded the Nobel prize for medicine in 2000.Austrian Heritage Collectio
The 1988 Nationaf Academy of Sciences (NAS) Award for Scientilc Reviewing has
No full textEric R. Kandel, Kandel’s influence on the study of the cellular basis of behavior is trad through lS1 ° research fronts on both the sea snail,@ysia as well as earlier work on the marmnafian hippocampus. Kandel’s thoughts on his research work, as well as scientific review, are highlighted
Eric Kandel : de la mémoire à l'idéal de la psychiatrie biologique
No full textN° sous la dir. de Jean-Noël Missa : "Les maladie mentales"International audienceTo recall route of Eric R. Kandel, from psychoanalysis to biology of Aplysia and memory, allows to explain his personal adhesion to biological psychiatry. However the historical prospect, if one look at things from the point of view of the history of mental illness, also makes understand the difficulty in considering it as a biological object, and the limits of such an engagement.L'itinéraire retracé d'Eric R. Kandel, de la psychanalyse à la biologie de l'aplysie et à la mémoire, permet d'expliquer son adhésion personnelle à la psychiatrie biologique. Cependant, la perspective historique, si l'on se place du point de vue de l'histoire de la maladie mentale, fait aussi comprendre la difficulté de la cerner comme objet biologique, et les limites d'un tel engagement
Interview with Eric R. Kandel: From Memory, Free Will, and the Problem with Freud to Fortunate Decisions
No full textKandel y sus aportes teóricos a la psicología y a la psiquiatría
No full textEl 2000 fue un año significativo para las neurociencias dado que tres científicos de este campo ganaron el Premio Nobel de Medicina: Arvid Carlsson de la Universidad de Goteborg, Suecia, Paul Greengard de la Universidad Rockefeller, Nueva York y Eric R. Kandel de la Universidad de Columbia, Nueva York, compartieron este prestigioso reconocimiento por sus contribuciones a la ciencia del cerebro. En este editorial nos centraremos en la vida académica de Eric Kandel, en sus principales aportes a la investigación de las bases neuronales de la memoria y el aprendizaje, pero especialmente expondremos sus ideas sobre la psiquiatría y la psicología actual.Fil: Freidin, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Mustaca, Alba Elisabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentin
A RECEPÇÃO DE FREUD E DA PSICANÁLISE NO CONTEXTO DAS NEUROCIÊNCIAS COGNITIVAS: das sinapses de Eric Kandel ao sujeito corporal de António Damásio
No full textThis article explores theoretical and methodological aspects of reading and reception that Freudian concepts and descriptions have had in the neuroscientific context of the last 30 years. Specifically, we demonstrate some central issues that the contemporary neuroscientific community has addressed to psychoanalysis, through the scientific and physiological project of naturalization of the mind directed by Eric. R. Kandel. We discuss the conceptual and programmatic parameters of this project and highlight its strengths and failing from the point of view of the subjectivity approach, from the perspective of psychoanalysis. We think that António R. Damásio\u27s theory of consciousness and self is more consistent in addressing the qualitative and phenomenal dimension of psychic functions, because it is supported by bodily substrates. We also argue that Damásio\u27s stratified and hierarchical neuropsychological model presents a potential confluence with Freudian descriptions of the ego and memory.O artigo explora aspectos teóricos e metológicos da leitura e da recepção que conceitos e descrições freudianas encontraram no contexto neurocientífico dos últimos 30 anos. Especificamente, demonstramos algumas questões centrais que a comunidade neurocientífica contemporânea têm endereçado à psicanálise, através do projeto científico-filosófico de naturalização da mente dirigido por Eric. R. Kandel. Discutimos os parâmetros conceituais e programáticos desse projeto e destacamos seus pontos fortes e fracos, do ponto de vista de uma abordagem da subjetividade sob a ótica da psicanálise. Pensamos que a teoria da consciência e do self de António R. Damásio é mais consistente para abordar a dimensão qualitativa e fenomênica das funções psíquicas, porque se apoia em substratos corporais. Argumentamos também que o modelo neuropsicológico, estratificado e hierárquico de Damásio apresenta uma potencial confluência com descrições freudianas do ego e da memória
Role of Aplysia cell adhesion molecules during 5-HT-induced long-term functional and structural changes
No full textWe previously reported that five repeated Pulses of S-HT lead to clown-regulation of the TM-apCAM isoform at the surface of Aplysia sensory neurons (SNs). We here examined whether apCAM down-regulation is required for 5-HT-induced long-term facilitation. We also analyzed the role of the cytoplasmic and extracellular domains by overexpressing various apCAM Mutants by DNA microinjection. When TM-apCAM was up-regulated in SNs by DNA microinjection, five pulses of 5-HT failed to produce either synaptic facilitation or an enhancement of synaptic growth, Suggesting that clown-regulation of apCAM is required for 5-HT-induced EPSP enhancement and new varicosity formation. However, disrupting the extracellular domain function of overexpressed apCAM with a specific antibody restored 5-HT-induced excitatory postsynaptic potential increase but not synaptic growth. The overexpression of the MAP Kinase mutant of TM-apCAM, which is not internalized by 5-HT, inhibited new varicosity formation, but did not inhibit excitatory postsynaptic potential increase. Deletion mutants containing only the cytoplasmic portion of apCAM blocked 5-HT-induced synaptic growth but not excitatory postsynaptic potential increase. Thus, our data Suggest that TM-apCAM may act as a Suppressor of both synaptic-strength enhancement in pre-existing synapses and of new synaptic varicosity formation in the nonsynaptic region, via different mechanisms
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Adolescent cannabinoid exposure induces irritability-like behavior and cocaine cross-sensitization without affecting the escalation of cocaine self-administration in adulthood
No full textCannabis use is typically initiated during adolescence and is a significant risk factor for the development of cocaine use in adulthood. However, no preclinical studies have examined the effects of adolescent cannabinoid exposure on cocaine dependence in adulthood using the escalation model of cocaine self-administration and the assessment of negative emotional states. In the present study, we found that exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 (WIN) in adolescence produced irritability-like behavior and psychomotor cross-sensitization to cocaine in adolescence. In adulthood, rats were allowed to self-administer cocaine. The acquisition of cocaine self-administration was lower in rats with adolescent WIN exposure compared with controls. However, both WIN-exposed and control rats escalated their cocaine intake at the same rate, had similar responding under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement, and had similar psychomotor responses to cocaine. Interestingly, the increase in irritability-like behavior that was previously observed in adolescence after WIN exposure persisted into adulthood. Whether the persisting increase in irritability-like behavior after WIN exposure has translational relevance remains to be studied. In summary, these results suggest that psychoactive cannabinoid exposure during adolescence is unlikely to have a major effect on the escalation of cocaine intake or the development of compulsive-like responding per se in adulthood in a rat model of cocaine self-administration. However, whether the persisting irritability-like behavior may predispose an individual to mood-related impairments in adulthood or predict such impairments warrants further investigation
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