324,510 research outputs found
Studies on the Zn(x)Co(1)-(x)S thin films: a facile synthesis process and characteristic properties
No full textAbstract not availableS.S. Kamble, D.P. Dubal, N.L. Tarwal, A. Sikora, J.H. Jang, L.P. Deshmuk
Piriformospora indica-primed transcriptional reprogramming induces defense response against early blight in tomato
No full textPiriformospora indica is an adaptable mycorrhiza-like fungus belonging to the Sebacinales order that can colonize roots of a wide range of plant species. Studies have shown that P. indica improves growth and enhances systemic defense against pathogens in host plants. However, the mechanism(s) through which these effects occur remain unclear. Therefore to gain more insight into the molecular basis of P. indica induced resistance, cDNA-AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism) based transcript profiling was done to identify differentially expressed genes in P. indica-colonized tomato plants infected with Alternaria solani. Our results demonstrated that pre-colonization of tomato roots with P. indica systemically induced resistance against early blight. Transcript profiling of P. indica pre-colonized tomato plants revealed systemic modulation of several key components of signaling network transcriptional regulators including CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK), Mitogen activated protein kinases (MPKs), Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), WRKY1, ethylene responsive transcription factors (ERF), and Jasmonate Zim Domain 1 (JAZ1), a negative regulator of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. Expression of downstream defense related genes like Thaumatin-like protein, β-1, 3-glucanase and chitinases was also affected in leaves upon challenge inoculation with pathogen. Interestingly, P. indica pre-colonization alone was unable to induce transcript levels for most of the genes studied. However, pathogen attack on P. indica pre-colonized plants induced strong defense responses. In conclusion, P. indica induces transcriptome reprogramming in a manner that allows rapid and efficient activation of JA/ET (jasmonic acid/ethylene)-mediated basal defenses against pathogen infection by altering the expression of JA/ET related genes. P. indica colonization appears to potentiate the complete signal transduction cascade leading to the systemic expression of defense genes against foliar pathogens. It thus presents itself as a potential and sustainable method of activating multiple components of defense signaling thereby conveying durable horizontal defense against a range of pathogen
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Analyzing the Barriers to Building a 3-D Printing Enabled Local Medical Supply Chain Ecosystem
No full textBuilding a local supply chain requires separating the regions and creating alliances with local partners and customers, resulting in a new business model. In local supply chains, the factory procures material, parts, and preassembled elements from local suppliers and sells the final products to local customers. Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has the potential to enable a more local, globally connected, and efficient supply chain through reduced inventory and transportation costs transforming the make-to-stock to the make-on-demand production cycle. In this study, we use an integrated Interpretive Structural Model and Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory technique to explore and assess the challenges faced by the 3DP companies to become enabling partners in the localized supply chains. The scope of the study, which was limited to 3DP of medical parts and components, identified that regulatory compliance, stringent quality standards, and lack of design expertise are significant barriers to developing localized three-dimensional printing ecosystems. Furthermore, the study identified immediate support from the local government, the high collaboration between the stakeholders, and the need for change in business approach as the key drivers for developing 3DP-enabled localized supply chain ecosystems
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No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
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