800 research outputs found
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for parentage analysis in a rhacophorid tree frog (Chirixalus eiffingeri) with unusual parental care.
No full textThe ecology of parental care in an arboreal breeding frog, Chirixalus eiffingeri (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Taiwan.
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YC-1 enhances the anti-tumor activity of sorafenib through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in hepatocellular carcinoma
Full text linkBackground: Traditional systemic chemotherapy does not provide survival benefits in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Molecular targeted therapy shows promise for HCC treatment, however, the duration of effectiveness for targeted therapies is finite and combination therapies offer the potential for improved effectiveness. Methods: Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, and YC-1, a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator, were tested in HCC by proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis and western blot in vitro and orthotopic and ectopic HCC models in vivo. Results: In vitro, combination of sorafenib and YC-1 synergistically inhibited proliferation and colony formation of HepG2, BEL-7402 and HCCLM3 cells. The combination also induced S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as observed by activated PARP and caspase 8. Sorafenib and YC-1 respectively suppressed the expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) (Y705) in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Combination of sorafenib and YC-1 significantly inhibited the expression of p-STAT3 (Y705) (S727), p-ERK1/2, cyclin D1 and survivin and SHP-1 activity compared with sorafenib or YC-1 used alone in all tested HCC cell lines. In vivo, sorafenib-YC-1 combination significantly suppressed the growth of HepG2 tumor xenografts with decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis observed by PCNA and PARP. Similar results were also confirmed in a HCCLM3 orthotopic model. There was a reduction in CD31-positive blood vessels and reduced VEGF expression, which suggested a combinational effect of sorafenib and YC-1 on angiogenesis. The reduced expression of p-STAT3, cyclin D1 and survivin was also observed with the combination of sorafenib and YC-1. Conclusions: Our data show that sorafenib-YC-1 combination is a novel potent therapeutic agent that can target the STAT3 signaling pathway to inhibit HCC tumor growth.Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyOncologySCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]
Cultural adaptation of the young children's participation and environment measure (YC-PEM) for use by Hispanic families of young children with special health care needs (CSHCN)
Full text linkIncludes bibliographical references.2016 Summer.Culture informs the occupations in which children engage as well as how they are enacted. Hence, occupational therapists need assessments that are culturally relevant in order to deliver culturally competent practice. Current approaches to cultural adaptation of assessments present with three major limitations: (a) use of inconsistent translation process; (b) current processes assess for some, but not all, elements of cultural equivalence; and (c) limited evidence to guide decision making about whether to undertake cultural adaptation with and without language translation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically develop and compare multiple versions of a culturally adapted questionnaire for potential use by a Hispanic population of young children with special health care needs (CSHCN). The purpose of this study is two-fold: (a) to examine similarities and differences of culturally adapting an occupation-centered pediatric assessment with and without translation; and (b) to examine the feasibility of developing a culturally adapted assessment with and without translation. The Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) underwent cultural adaptation processes (i.e., language translation and cognitive testing) to establish Spanish and English pilot versions for potential use by caregivers of young CSHCN of Mexican descent. Following language translation to develop a Spanish YC-PEM pilot version, 7 caregivers (4 with Spanish as their primary language; 3 with English as their primary language) completed cognitive testing to inform decisions regarding content revisions to the YC-PEM Spanish and English pilot versions. Participant responses were content coded to established cultural equivalencies (i.e., semantic/idiomatic, item, conceptual). Coded data were then summed to draw comparisons on the number of revisions needed to achieve cultural equivalence between the two pilot versions. Feasibility was assessed according to resources required, data collection procedures, and data quality. Results suggest that a greater number of revisions are required to achieve cultural equivalence for the translated (Spanish) version of the YC-PEM. However, issues concerning conceptual equivalence were identified in both the Spanish and English versions. Feasibility results indicate that language translation processes require high resource investment, but may increase translation quality. However, use of questionnaire (i.e., paper, PDF) cognitive testing versus interview methods (e.g., phone, face-to-face) may have limited data saturation. Study results lend preliminary support to the need for and feasibility of pursuing cultural adaptation of the YC-PEM with and without language translation. Larger and more diverse samples are needed to examine the effects of acculturation status on revisions needed to achieve cultural equivalence. Also, interview methods may help improve data quality and confirm study findings
FOURIER TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTRUM OF THE YC (XA) RADICAL
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, Department of Astronomy, and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721The pure rotational spectrum of YC (XA) in the range 4 - 40 GHz has been measured using Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) techniques. The species was produced using Discharge Assisted Laser Ablation Spectroscopy (DALAS) in a supersonic jet expansion of yttrium vapor and HCCH or CH, diluted in argon carrier gas. Three rotational transitions (N = 1 0, 2 1, and 3 2) have been recorded each exhibiting fine structure and hyperfine splittings due to the yttrium nuclear spin of I(Y) = 1/2. The data have been analyzed wtih a case (b) asymmetric top Hamiltonian, and rotational, fine, and hyperfine constants have been determined. The spectrum of this species was previously measured by PPMODR methods, and our data have refined the spectroscopic constants. Measurements of the C isotopologues are currently underway to establish a precise structure for YC
Web-based multimedia authoring and presentation framework for children's art cultivation
No full text[[abstract]]This paper proposes a web-based multimedia authoring and presentation framework to facilitate online pieces creation, sharing, and reuse in e-learning applications. Through the easy-to-use interface of the cutomized tools, students are allowed to create their own pieces online and then Share with friends in a very easy way. To make the presentation of the piece more interesting, the authoring tool provides the capturing mechanism that record all Significant authoring steps as synchronization information: temporal and spatial relations between composed objects. Synchronization module in rendering function enables users (author and receiver) to replay a vivid, animated multimedia presentation in a form of as close as possible to the original sense. A prototype has been implemented in a website especially designed for young student art learning, which has being conducted by the Military of Education, Taiwan, since 2003. The experimental results show that this hands-or, experience in creating and sharing indeed benefits the efficacy of web-based e-learning.[[note]]SC
Supplementary Materials, Methods & Table S1 from Real-time, Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging with an Optimized Dye/Light Source/Camera Combination for Surgical Guidance of Prostate Cancer
No full textSupplementary Materials, Methods & Table S1. Supplementary Materials & Methods: Generation & characterization of the LMD-PSMA cells, YC-27 synthesis, primers for mPSMA PCR, and determining the limit of detection of YC-27. Supplementary Table S1: Residual tumor post surgery as determined by imaging and palpation. Author contributions & Competing interests.</p
Compartmentalized Input-Output Organization of Lugaro Cells in the Cerebellar Cortex
Full text linkPurkinje cells (PCs) are principal cerebellar neurons, and several classes of interneurons modulate their activity. Lugaro cells (LCs) are one such inhibitory interneuron with distinctive cytology and location, but still most enigmatic among cerebellar neurons. Here we serendipitously produced a novel transgenic mouse line, where a half of Yellow Cameleon (YC)(+) cells in the cerebellar cortex were judged to be LCs, and YC(+) LCs were estimated to constitute one-third of the total LC populations. Neurochemically, two-thirds of YC(+) LCs were dually GABAergic/glycinergic, with the rest being GABAergic. Beneath the PC layer, they extended a sheet of somatodendritic meshwork interconnected with neighboring LCs by adherens junctions, and received various inputs from climbing fibers, mossy fibers, granule cell axons, recurrent PC axons, Golgi cell axons, LC axons, and serotonergic fibers. Intriguingly, somatodendritic elements of individual LCs preferentially extended within a given cerebellar compartment defined by aldolase C expression. In turn, YC(+) LCs projected a dense lattice of ascending and transverse axons to the molecular layer, and innervated molecular layer interneurons (basket and stellate cells) and Golgi cells, but not PCs. Of note, ascending axons profusely innervated individual targets within a cerebellar compartment, while transverse axons ran across several compartments and innervated targets sparsely. This unique circuit configuration highlights that LCs integrate various excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory inputs coming to the belonging cerebellar compartment and that, as an interneuron-selective interneuron, LCs can effectively disinhibit cerebellar cortical activities in a compartment-dependent manner through inhibition of inhibitory interneurons selectively targeting PCs and granule cells
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