761 research outputs found
William Morris and Edward Carpenter: back to the land and the simple life, 1880-1910
No full textThis thesis focuses on the influence of William Morris and Edward Carpenter on
aspects of the back-to-the-land and simple-life movements between the years 1880-
1910. Specifically, it seeks to define and explore the convergence and divergence of
both writers' return-to-nature ideology, and considers their influence on the
development of particular groups, who represented some of the multiplicity of backto-
the-land ideas and experiments current during this period. The thesis is divided
into three main parts; the intellectual framework for the study is broad, and takes into
account the historical context, the cultural significance and the character of the
material in each section.
The first part of the thesis undertakes an expository evaluation of key texts
from Morris's and Carpenter's political journalism, lectures and imaginative writing,
examining how both writers developed an appropriate language to convey their
social and political ideals. The critical method employed uses detailed textual
analysis, identifying and discussing the individual qualities of Morris's and
Carpenter's back-to-the-land writing, and reflecting on the differing emphases of
their utopian rhetoric. The second part of the research explores the take-up of
Morris's and Carpenter's ethos in four diverse and little known late-nineteenthcentury
journals, concerned with simple-life issues and a return to the land, namely
Seed-time, The New Order, Land and Labor and Land and People. It employs the
thinking of Pierre Bourdieu and Mikhail Bakhtin to establish an appropriate balance
between critical theory and empirical study. Lastly using a historical and descriptive
method the thesis uses archival material to examine the nature and extent of both
writers' influence on two Cotswold back-to-the-land experiments - the Whiteway
Colony and the Chipping Campden Guild of Handicraft. These provide a particular
opportunity to consider and compare the practical outcomes of return-to-the-land and
simple-life ideologies.
The study extends scholarship in this area by significantly re-appraising the
relationship between Morris's and Carpenter's back-to-the-land writing, and reinstating
Carpenter as a germinal influence. It also increases our understanding of the
values and function of the journals in the study, and establishes an insight into the
wider cultural assimilation of both writers' ideals
Precision dicing and micromilling of silica for photonics
No full textThis thesis focuses on the development of precision dicing and micromilling machining techniques for silica photonic applications. Comparison is given between the studied and conventional techniques for machining silica, such as photolithography and etching, laser machining, etc..Precision dicing was used to create low loss input/output facets in the silica-on-silicon platform. It was demonstrated that ductile type dicing can produce facets in a silica-on-silicon substrate with a smooth, mirror like finish. The facet had a surface roughness (Sa) of 4.9 nm, a factor of ~7.5 improvement on previously reported roughnesses. An individual silica/air average interface loss, caused by surface roughness scatter, was calculated to be -0.63 dB and -0.76 dB for the TE and TM polarisations, respectively.Utilising dicing, glass photonic microcantilever devices are produced with integrated Bragg gratings and waveguides. Two cantilever interrogations methods have been shown; one utilising a single Bragg grating and the other using a pair of spectrally matched Bragg gratings to form a Fabry-Pérot interferometer. These cantilever devices were subjected to physical stimulus of external pressure change and profilometer actuation.A precision micromill was built by the author. Precision micromilling was used to remove the cladding material from the silica-on-silicon platform, for evanescent field access. By accessing the ductile milling regime, the mill enabled three-dimensional machining of flat, smooth, chip free grooves in silica. A groove with an average surface roughness (Sa) of 3.0 nm was measured, with a depth of cut of 17 µm. This micromilling method produces grooves that are seven times smoother and cut depths forty times deeper, than previously reported in the literature
Feasibility study of an ice climber for vents exploration on Enceladus
No full textThe porpoise of this thesis is to expose the results of the feasibility study regarding the realisation of a vent climber for a future landing mission on Enceladus. It exposes the various condition we expect to find in the vents, and briefly expose the physical models taken in account. Then it focuses on the analysis of the possible configurations for a descending module, the comparisons of those and the definition of a realistic descending module obtained through a top to bottom approach. The thesis shows the various system and architectures that we analysed and the pros and cons we have identified. Finally, it shows our “first iteration design”, the verification, analysis, limits and the potentiality of such architecture. The whole work is supposed to become a starting point and reference for future development in the topic
Neuromorphic tactile sensor array based on fiber Bragg gratings to encode object qualities
No full textEmulating the sense of touch is fundamental to endow robotic systems with perception abilities. This work presents an unprecedented mechanoreceptor-like neuromorphic tactile sensor implemented with fiber optic sensing technologies. A robotic gripper was sensorized using soft and flexible tactile sensors based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) transducers and a neuro-bio-inspired model to extract tactile features. The FBGs connected to the neuron model emulated biological mechanoreceptors in encoding tactile information by means of spikes. This conversion of inflowing tactile information into event-based spikes has an advantage of reduced bandwidth requirements to allow communication between sensing and computational subsystems of robots. The outputs of the sensor were converted into spiking on-off events by means of an architecture implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and applied to robotic manipulation tasks to evaluate the effectiveness of such information encoding strategy. Different tasks were performed with the objective to grant fine manipulation abilities using the features extracted from the grasped objects (i.e., size and hardness). This is envisioned to be a futuristic sensor technology combining two promising technologies: optical and neuromorphic sensing
Partner Facilitation and Partner Interference in Individuals' Weight Loss Goals
No full textDrawing on the logic of the relational turbulence model, this study examined the ways in which romantic partners facilitate and interfere with individuals’ weight loss goals. Participants (N = 122) described the ways in which their romantic partner had recently helped or hindered their weight loss at four times over the course of 2 months. We conducted a content analysis of responses to identify themes of partner facilitation (Research Question 1 [RQ1]) and partner interference (RQ2) in individuals’ weight loss goals. Results revealed seven themes of partner facilitation: (a) partner enabling diet, (b) motivation and encouragement, (c) emotional support and positive reinforcement, (d) exercising together, (e) partner enabling exercise, (f) dieting together, and (g) relationship influence and priorities. Four themes of partner interference emerged in the data: (a) inability to plan for healthy meals, (b) inability to control the food environment, (c) preventing or discouraging exercise, and (d) emotional or relational discouragement.Peer reviewe
Acanthopagrus randalli Iwatsuki & Carpenter, 2009, n. sp.
No full textAcanthopagrus randalli n. sp. New English Name: Middle East Black Seabream (Figure 1; Table 1) Holotype: BPBM 33135, 322 mm, off Bahrain (collected from fish market in Bahrain), 13 November 1983, Persian Gulf, purchased by J. E. Randall. Paratype: MTUF-P 27226, 173 mm SL, off Kuwait (collected from Central Fish Market, Kuwait City), Persian Gulf, 29 December 1994, purchased by M. Moteki. Diagnosis: Dorsal-fin rays XI, 11; anal-fin rays III, 8; 4 ½ scale rows between fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line; 5 ½ scale rows above lateral line and 11 ½ or 12 ½ scale rows below; pored lateral-line scales 46; eyes of larger type distinctly separated from dorsal head profile because of a prominent convexity from snout to just above eye that becomes more convex with growth, both interorbital bulge span and interorbital width greater than orbit diameter (interorbital bulge span / orbit diameter 1.56–2.03, mean 1.80; inɭɵrΟrbiɭaI wiđɭh / Οrbiɭ điamɵɭɵr 1.43–1.71, mean 1.57); four or five wide vertical bands (six or seven horizontal scale rows in width) on body, presumably clearer in agitated or stressed live specimens (Fig. 1 A-B, bands not clear on figure of holotype but four bands are evident on specimen, particularly when viewed from above and four clear bands and one faint band in a smaller specimen of paratype), first bar from nape to around upper pectoral-fin base, second bar from dorsal-fin base between fourth and seventh dorsal-fin spine, through lateral line, to abdomen, third bar from base between ninth dorsal-fin spine and first dorsal-fin ray, through lateral line, to just before first anal-fin spine origin, fourth bar from dorsal-fin base between fifth dorsal-fin ray and last dorsal-fin ray, plus a faint bar on caudal peduncle that is darker dorsally; conspicuous diffuse dark blotch at origin of lateral line (covering first and second pored lateral line scales) continuous with a dense blackish shading over upper cleithrum and upper posterior opercle; anal-fin membrane nearly hyaline in smaller type and in larger type membrane is hyaline with sparse black melanophores that are lacking on membranes of the posteriormost rays; posterior margin of caudal fin darker than rest of fin. Description: Counts and measurements of a holotype and a paratype are given as percentages of SL in Table 1. Data for the holotype is presented first, followed in parenthesis by paratype data if different and available. Characters stated in the diagnosis are not repeated. Body compressed; mouth somewhat oblique; maxillary reaching to below middle of pupil and lager than eye diameter; lower jaw included in upper jaw; teeth in jaws in 3 to 5 rows, anteriorly about 6 (or 7) curved canines in the upper jaw and 6 in the lower jaw; upper and lower molar teeth strongly developed, subequal in size except some progressively larger posteriorly and some progressively smaller anteriorly and posteriorly, in upper jaw up to 5 rows and lower jaw up to 4 rows; suborbital depth slightly shorter than dermal eye opening (clearly shorter than dermal eye opening); 5 (or 6) irregular transverse rows of scales on preoperculum; anterodorsal profile from just above eye ascending gently and curved; anteriormost margin of head scalation rounded when viewed from above, reaching to just beyond posteriormost margin of orbit and without small scales anterior to scalation margin; dorsal-fin spines strong, first slightly longer than half length of second spine, which is shorter than third spine; fourth or fifth spine longest; longest soft dorsal-fin ray shorter than longest spine in dorsal fin; first anal-fin spine short, its length much less than eye, robust, not flattened; second anal-fin spine length clearly less than head without snout; third anal-fin spine shorter than second spine, which is slightly longer than snout; first anal-fin ray subequal to second anal-fin spine and slightly longer than third spine; pectoral-fin tip nearly reaching to first anal-fin spine base vertically, its length clearly greater than head length; longest pelvic-fin ray clearly less than head; pelvic-fin spine longer than snout. Colour when fresh: Colour when fresh is based on a colour photograph by J. E. Randall of the holotype after death: head and body silvery grey and both ventral part of head and abdomen somewhat white; dorsal, caudal, anal and pectoral fins a slight blackish-gray. Colour in preservation: Head and body yellowish tan; both ventral part of head and abdomen whitish; dorsal, caudal, anal, pelvic and pectoral fins slight yellowish hyaline. Distribution: Acanthopagrus randalli is currently known only from and apparently endemic to the Persian Gulf. Etymology: The specific name “ randalli ” is proposed in honor of Dr. John E. Randall who collected the holotype and who is clearly one of the greatest ichthyologists of all times. TABLE 1. Acanthopagrus randalli n. sp. Remarks: As noted in the introduction, the 11 species of Acanthopagrus and Sparidentex can be divided into six morphological forms. Acanthopagrus randalli belongs to the Blackfin Seabream Form I with 3 ½ or 4 ½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line that also includes A. akazakii, A. berda, A. butcheri, A. sivicolus, and A. taiwanensis. Acanthopagrus berda and A. taiwanensis have 3 ½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line (Iwatsuki & Carpenter 2006). Acanthopagrus akazakii, A. butcheri, A. sivicolus and A. randalli are the only currently described species of Acanthopagrus with 4 ½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line (see also Iwatsuki & Carpenter 2006 and Iwatsuki et al. 2006). TABLE 2. Selected characters of Acanthopagrus randalli n. sp., A. akazakii, A. butcheri and A. sivicolus. continued next page A. randalli n. sp. A. akazakii A. butcheri A. sivicolus Holotype and a paratype Holotype and Holotype and 16 non- 1 paratype and 14 non- 11 paratypes type specimens type specimens 176–322 mm SL 66−185 mm SL 54–232 mm SL 112–272 mm SL n = 2 n = 12 n = 17 n= 15 Body colouration 4 or 5 wide black bands Absent in bands Absent in bands or 6–10 Usually 8–12 black very faint dusky black bands, m₀rɵ apparɵnɭ bands, prɵSumaƀIy in aǥiɭaɭɵđ IiVɵ m₀rɵ apparɵnɭ in SpɵcimɵnS aǥiɭaɭɵđ IiVɵ ₀r y₀unǥ SpɵcimɵnS *SR 5 DSLL, Scale rows between fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line; ** Measurements based on: Acanthopagrus akazakii, n = 10, based on holotype and 11 paratype specimens except FRLM 21171 (166 mm SL) and MNHN 2005 - 1958 (139 mm SL); A. butcheri, n = 5, based on MUFS 28685–28688 (198? 215 mm SL, 4 specimens, Perth, Western Australia, Australia) and WAM P 21684 (166 mm, Western Australia, Australia); A. sivicolus, n = 5, based on MUFS 1779 (130 mm SL), MUFS 13165–13166 (152–158 mm SL, 2 specimens), and MUFS 22976, 23054 (172–225 mm SL, 2 specimens). Iwatsuki & Carpenter (2006) noted that two smaller specimens of four syntypes (BMNH 1874.1.16.2. 1, 87–93 mm SL) of Chrysophrys swinhonis Günther 1874 had 4 ½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line (6 ½ in the two other syntypes). Subsequently, the first author re-examined all four syntypes and confirmed that our initial report of 4 ½ scale rows for the two smaller syntypes was erroneous and that the irregular scale rows on these specimens is correctly interpreted as 5 ½ between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line. As such, this nominal species is here considered conspecific with A. schlegelii (Bleeker 1854) which becomes the senior synonym. Other characters of these syntypes also conform to those of A. schlegelii such as pored lateral-line scale counts (51-56) and somewhat slender body (Akazaki 1962, 1984; this study). The placement of the eye relative to the unique convex ridge (bulge) of the dorsal profile of the head in Acanthopagrus randalli (Fig. 1 A B; Table 1, higher values on both interorbital bulge span / orbit diameter 1.56–2.03 and inɭɵrΟrbiɭaI wiđɭh / Οrbiɭ điamɵɭɵr 1.43–1.71) is clearly distinct from other Form I Blackfin Seabreams with 4 ½ scale rows between the 5 th dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line (Fig. 2; Table 2, lower values on both interorbital bulge span / orbit diameter 0.73–1.53 and inɭɵrΟrbiɭaI wiđɭh / Οrbiɭ điamɵɭɵr 0.70–1.47 of three other species). Furthermore, A. randalli differs from A. akazakii, A. butcheri, and A. sivicolus in having only four or five wide bars (six or seven horizontal scale rows in width) on the body. Bands are absent in A. akazakii, absent or 6 to 10 very faint and narrow bars in A. butcheri, and usually 8 to 12 somewhat irregular narrow bars (2 to 4 horizontal scale rows in width) in A. sivicolus (Figs. 1, 2 A, B, and D). In addition, the East Asian endemic species, A. schlegelii with the highest counts of 5 ½ or 6 ½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line (Akazaki 1962, 1984) is most similar to A. sivicolus in having a very similar looking silvery-gray coloration with similar narrow black bands on the body (Fig. 2 C–D). These two species are easily recognizable from A. akazakii, A. butcheri, A. randalli, and A. sivicolus by the 4 ½ scale-row count between the fifth dorsal-fin spine and the lateral line. The coloration of the anal-fin membrane among these four species is also clearly different. In A. randalli it is nearly hyaline in the smaller paratype (Fig. 1 B) and in the larger holotype it is hyaline with sparse melanophores that are lacking on the membrane of the posteriormost anal-fin rays (Fig. 3 A). Acanthopagrus akazakii has dense black membranes in anterior anal-fin rays and hyaline in posteriormost anal-fin rays (Fig. 3 B). The anal-fin membrane in A. butcheri is black from the second anal-fin spine to the third or fourth soft anal-fin ray, the remaining portion being hyaline (Fig. 3 C). Lastly, A. sivicolus has black or dusky black membranes in the whole anal-fin membrane with each anal-fin ray lighter (Fig. 3 D). Selected characters comparing these four species are shown in Table 2.Published as part of Iwatsuki, Yukio & Carpenter, Kent E., 2009, Acanthopagrus randalli (Perciformes: Sparidae), a new black seabream from the Persian Gulf, pp. 43-54 in Zootaxa 2267 on pages 44-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19085
broadinstitute/cell-health: Preprint Analysis Code
No full textComplete analysis code for the preprint submission for "Predicting cell health phenotypes using image-based morphology profiling"
Gregory P. Way+, Maria Kost-Alimova+, Tsukasa Shibue, William F. Harrington, Stanley Gill, Tim Becker, William C. Hahn, Anne E. Carpenter^, Francisca Vazquez^, Shantanu Singh^
+Co-First Authors ^Co-Senior Author
Korean kindergarten children's play choice: Activity structure and sex-type
No full textThis study investigated the classroom context variables which influence the socialization of sex-typed behavior of Korean kindergarten children. The study focused on the Korean kindergarten children's different activity choices in the classroom and the variables which influence this behavior.This study begins with the hypothesis that the typical Korean middle class kindergarten setting defines specific attitudes, modes of acting, and opportunities which are appropriate for boys and girls.One purpose of this study was to replicate the theoretical model suggested and supported by a series of studies by Carpenter and other researchers in the U.S.The second purpose was to identify sex-stereotypical (masculine, feminine, neutral) activities in the Korean kindergarten classroom and to examine teachers' and peers' influence on children's participation in sex-typed play activities.For the purpose of this study, in addition to the activity type, teacher feedback, peer interaction, aggressiveness and rough and tumble play, leadership attempts, physical initiation, compliance, asking for help and bids for recognition were selected for classroom observation as social behavior typically seen in the Korean preschool classroom.In total, 60 children, ages 4 to 5 years, from two classrooms of the university lab school participated in this study. The two trained observers, including the researcher, conducted observations over a period of 2 months by using a time sampling technique in the classroom during the free play time. Each child was observed for a 2-minute period, in 20-second intervals during one observation period.From this study, it is clear that sex-stereotyping occurs in the Korean kindergarten classrooms to a high degree in children's play choices and interaction with peers and teachers. If teachers are interested in providing a non sex-stereotyped educational environment for children, the results of this study offer important and useful implications for early childhood education in Korea concerning the curriculum, classroom setting, materials, equipment, and teacher education.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T14:06:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Acanthopagrus taiwanensis Iwatsuki & Carpenter, 2006, n. sp.
No full text<p>Acanthopagrus taiwanensis n. sp.</p> <p>New English Name: Taiwan Picnic Seabream</p> <p>Figs. 1A, 2D -E, 3A -4A and 5A -B, Table 1</p> <p>Holotype: MUFS 22854, male, 167 mm SL, estuary basin of Tung-kang River (purchased in Tung-kang Fish Market), southwestern Taiwan, Y. Iwatsuki, hook-and-line (according to sellers in market), 22 May, 2005.</p> <p>Paratypes: (5 specimens) MUFS 11870, sex not determined, 110 mm SL, Tung-kang, southwestern Taiwan, M. Akazaki, 25 February 1973; MUFS 22165, sex not determined, 184 mm SL, Tung-kang, southwestern Taiwan, Y. Iwatsuki, 27 December 2002; MUFS 22166, female, 216 mm, same data as MUFS 22165; MUFS 22855, female, 175 mm SL, data same as holotype; MUFS 22857, sex not determined, 106 mm SL, mouth of Tungkang River, southwestern Taiwan, Y. Iwatsuki, shrimp set nets, 22 May, 2005.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Dorsal fin with 11 or 12 spines and 10 to 12 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 8 or 9 soft rays; 3 ½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line; 3 or 4 cheek scale rows; body rounded; ventral infraorbital series above posterior part of upper jaw changing from almost straight to weakly concave with growth (Figs. 2B, 3A); second anal-fin spine robust and dull pointed (Fig. 2C); upper and lower jaws with thin lips, especially anteriorly; broadly rounded rostral-most head squamation with around 10 somewhat smaller scales anteriorly (Fig. 4A); prominent ridge developing just before eye with growth, dorsal head profile becoming slightly convex from snout to just above eye with growth (Figs. 1A, 2B and 3A); upper and lower molar teeth strongly developed and flattened on both sides, gradually more molariform posteriorly (Fig. 5A -B); upper molars in 3 or 4 rows anteriorly and 4 or 5 posteriorly, rows generally irregular, outer third row markedly larger; lower molars in 3 or 4 rows anteriorly and 2 or 3 rows posteriorly, rows generally irregular, the innermost row largest posteriorly (outer second row gently curved outward)(Fig. 5C -D); head and body mostly black, sharply demarcated from whitish belly and chin (Figs. 1A and 3A); a dark spot at top of pectoral-fin base (Figs. 1A and 3A).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Counts and measurements of the holotype and 5 paratypes are given in Table 1. In the following description, data for the holotype are presented first, followed by the 5 paratype specimens in parentheses where different. Characters stated in the diagnosis are not repeated.</p> <p>to be continued.</p> <p>*Standard length estimated from head length using the following regression parameters based on non-type measurements: y = 0.314x, y = head length, x = standard length, R2 = 0.9863.</p> <p>Body compressed. Mouth somewhat oblique. Maxillary reaching to below middle of pupil and larger than eye diameter. Upper jaw protruding slightly in front of lower jaw. Teeth in jaws in 3 to 5 crowded rows, about 6 (6 or 7) curved canines anteriorly in the upper jaw and 6 in the lower jaw. Suborbital depth greater than dermal eye opening. Anterodorsal profile from above eye gently curved. Profile of occipital ridge distinct above eye. Dorsal-fin spines strong, length of first slightly more than half length of second; second slightly shorter than third; fourth or fifth spine longest. Longest soft dorsal-fin ray shorter than longest dorsal-fin spine. First anal-fin spine short, much less than orbit diameter; second spine robust, its length clearly less than length of head without snout and slightly longer than snout; third anal-fin spine shorter than second spine. First anal-fin ray somewhat shorter than second and third anal-fin spines. Pectoral-fin tip not reaching to vertical through first anal-fin spine base, its length clearly greater than head length. Pelvic fin with first ray somewhat produced, its length shorter than head; pelvic-fin spine longer than snout.</p> <p>Color (from fresh specimens)</p> <p>Head and body black (Fig. 1A). Both chin and belly markedly whitish in large specimens, especially over about 180 mm SL. Dorsal, caudal, anal, and pectoral fins black; ventral fins whitish. Color does not change much with preservation.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Acanthopagrus taiwanensis is currently known only from Tung-kang, southwestern Taiwan. According to local fishermen and buyers, the species is common around southwestern Taiwan. As the first author did not observe the species in extensive field sampling and examination of museum specimens from Korea, Japan, China (including around Hong Kong and Hainan Island), Vietnam, and elsewhere around Southeast Asia, it may be endemic to Taiwan.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species’ name, “taiwanensis” reflects the type locality, Taiwan.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Acanthopagrus taiwanensis and A. berda: Acanthopagrus taiwanensis and A. berda appear to be closely related and are perhaps sister species based on shared specializations. A cladistic analysis of species within this genus is premature as confusion remains about the status of some species and the relation of this genus to Sparidentex (Orrell & Carpenter, 2004). The combination of body shape, fin coloration and typical number of scale rows above the lateral line is unique for these species within Acanthopagrus, supporting a close relationship. In addition, the shape of the ventral edge of the first 2 infraorbitals is concave in larger individuals of both species, while it is straight in all other described species of Acanthopagrus. The concavity is much more pronounced in A. berda than A. taiwanensis and represents a clear difference between the 2 species.</p> <p>Synonyms of Acanthopagrus berda: Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775) was described on the basis of a dried skin of the holotype (see Table 1; Fig. 2A) from Luhaiya, Yemen, Red Sea. Despite the condition of the holotype, the 4 most important diagnostic characters of this species are evident: a strong concavity of ventral edge of first 2 infraorbitals above posterior part of upper jaw (Figs. 1B, 2A and 3B); 3 ½ scale rows between fifth spinous dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line; anal, ventral, and caudal fins uniformly blackish; and second anal-fin spine longer than third spine. We have examined numerous specimens from throughout the Indo-Pacific, including the Red Sea, that correspond to these key characters. The concavity of the ventral edge of the first 2 infraorbitals is observed in specimens larger than around 130-150 mm SL. The holotype of Sparus hasta Bloch and Schneider (1801) has the same diagnostic characters as A. berda. Bauchot and Skelton (1986) determined this species to be a junior synonym of A. berda and we concur.</p> <p>Sparus calamara Cuvier, 1829 (based on a drawing of Russell, 1803: pl. 92) is clearly a junior synonym of A. berda, with the following diagnostic characters evident on the drawing: a relatively deep body (52 % of SL, see Table 1); 3 ½ scale rows between the fifth spinous dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line; ventral edge of the first 2 infraorbitals above the posterior part of the upper jaw weakly concave; and black ventral, anal, and caudal fins (Table 1, Figs. 1i -5). Chrysophrys calamara Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830 (preoccupied by Cuvier, 1829), based on 3 syntypes has long been identified as a junior synonym of A. berda by subsequent researchers (Bauchot & Daget, 1972; Bauchot & Skelton, 1986). Day (1875) also described “ Chrysophrys berda var. calamara ” on the basis of a ZSI F1785’s specimen. However, since the name “ calamara ”, is preoccupied by Cuvier, 1829, Day’s “ calamara ” has no taxonomic significance in the context of A. berda.</p> <p>Castelnau (1861) described Pagrus caffer (type probably lost, P. Pruvost, pers. comm.) from Durban (Port Natal), South Africa and Smith & Smith (1986) later considered it to be a synonym of A. berda; we tentatively concur. We examined the holotype of Gilchrist & Thompson’s (1908) Chrysophrys robinsoni and its characters are consistent with A. berda, including the broadly rounded rostral-most head squamation with small scales anteriorly (as in Fig. 4B).</p> <p>Comments on other nominal species assigned to Acanthopagrus: No type specimen is known for Coius datnia, described by Hamilton (1822) from the Ganges River mouth, India, but a fine plate (fig. 29 of pl. 9) accompanied the description. This species has long been considered a junior synonym of A. latus (Houttuyn, 1782) because of its yellow pelvic and anal fins (Kottelat, 1986, 2000). However, the absence of molar teeth given in the original description and plate strongly support its placement in the genus Sparidentex (Bauchot & Smith, 1983) and clearly distinguish it from A. berda and A. taiwanensis. Hamilton’s species needs further study.</p> <p>Gilchrist & Thompson (1908) described Chrysophrys estuarius from South Africa. The three syntypes have a relatively slender body and a straight ventral edge of the first 2 infraorbitals above the posterior upper jaw, characters that distinguish it from A. berda and A. taiwanensis.</p> <p>Chrysophrys schlegelii Bleeker, 1854 and Mylio butcheri Munro, 1949 are valid species in the genus Acanthopagrus from the East Asian Shelf and southern Australia, respectively (Akazaki, 1984; Allen et al., 2002; Cadwallader and Backhouse, 1983; Gomon et al., 1994). They are clearly distinct from both A. berda and A. taiwanensis with slender bodies and 4 ½-5 ½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line (vs. 3 ½ for A. berda and A. taiwanensis). Akazaki (1962) considered Acanthopagrus swinhonis czerskii Berg, 1914 as a junior synonym of A. schlegelii. We did not see the type specimens but followed his idea based on the detailed figure included in the description.</p> <p>Chrysophrys australis Günther, 1859, C. swinhonis Günther, 1874, C. rubroptera Tirant, 1883, Petrus belayewi Hora & Misra, 1943, Acanthopagrus sivicolus Akazaki, 1962, and Chrysophrys novaecaledoniae Castelnau, 1873 show 4 ½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line (rarely 3 ½ in A. australis and yellowish pelvic- and anal-fin rays, as described in Carpenter, 2001, and 2 of 4 syntypes of C. swinhonis with 6 ½, as discussed below) on the basis of their type specimens. But C. rubroptera and A. sivicolus were confirmed by a fine photograph (Kottelat, 1986) and nontype specimens examined, respectively. In addition, these species have a straight ventral edge of the first 2 infraorbitals above the posterior part of the upper jaw, in contrast to strongly or weakly concave in A. berda and A. taiwanensis.</p> <p>The taxonomic status of C. swinhonis has not been examined in detail since the original description by Günther (1859). In 4 syntypes (87-279 mm SL), the pored lateralline scales range from 51 to 56 (vs. 42 to 44 in A. berda and 43 or 44 in A. taiwanensis), and scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line are 4 ½ or 6 ½. Although a detailed review of C. swinhonis is still required, it is clearly distinct from both A. berda and A. taiwanensis.</p> <p>The holotype of Roughleyia palmaris Whitley, 1935 has 4 scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line, and the upper head profile gibbous (not gibbous in A. berda and A. taiwanensis). Hutchins (2001) and Allen et al. (2002) regard it as a valid species of Acanthopagrus confined to southwestern Australia.</p> <p>Although no types of Pagrus macrocephalus Basilewsky, 1855 are known at ZIN was considered to be a junior synonym of A. schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854) by Akazaki (1962) and Sadovy & Cornish (2000). However, Basilewsky’s (1855), figure 3, tab. I (referred to erroneously as tab. III, fig. 1, which is a sciaenid) is a sparid that is clearly a species of Pagrus, recognizable by its scaly interorbital area, red body, and 7 or 8 scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line (Tables 1-2)(Akazaki, 1962). Pagrus macrocephalus needs further examination and may be a synonym of Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844).</p> <p>Richardson’s (1846) Chrysophrys xanthopoda and C. auripes from Canton, Chinese Seas are based on BMNH stuffed syntypes that have not been located (J. Maclaine, pers. comm.). However, detailed unpublished color plates of both species in the BMNH library have yellowish pelvic, anal, and caudal fins, especially along with lower margins. These nominal species may, therefore, be junior synonyms of A. latus, which has the same fin coloration (see description of Akazaki, 1962, 1984 and Carpenter, 2001).</p> <p>Chrysophrys longispinnis Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830, considered by Bauchot & Daget (1972) to be a junior synonym of A. berda, is unlikely to be that species. Two of 3 syntypes of C. longispinnis from Bengal have an extremely long second anal-fin spine (1.59-1.60 ratio of second anal-fin spine to third anal-fin spine vs. 1.23-1.50, mean 1.36 in A. berda, and 1.32-1.40, mean 1.37 in A. taiwanensis; see Table 1). The third syntype from Japan has a relatively deep body and fine minute posteroventral serration of the preopercular flange characteristic of Japanese A. latus (Houttuyn, 1782) (Akazaki, 1962). The type series of C. longispinnis, therefore, includes 2 species, neither of which is A. berda or A. taiwanensis.</p> <p>Chrysophrys cuvieri, described (Day, 1875) from Mangalore, India, has been synonymized with A. berda (Whitehead & Talwar, 1976; Randall, 1995; Ferraris et al, 2000), although the type designation is unclear. Whitehead & Talwar (1976) identified the following potential Day specimens of C. cuvieri: AMS B.8225, 129 mm SL, Madras; BMNH 1975.9.30.21, 109 mm SL, Cochin; RMNH 1060, not seen by us. The original description and type locality of C. cuvieri was apparently based on ZSI 1782 although the type was not seen by us. Bauchot & Smith (1983) synonymized C. cuvieri with Sparidentex hasta (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) using dentition inconsistent with Acanthopagrus as a key character. Day’s original description of C. cuvieri supports this contention since species of Sparidentex lack the large molariform teeth typically found in Acanthopagrus. Day’s (1875) description states: “Teeth -four to six sharp, pointed and rather conical incisors in front of either jaw, with villiform teeth behind them: a pointed and compressed row along the outer side of either jaw, the last few of which are small and with rounded crowns; internal to these are two rounded small molars in the lower and three in the upper jaw.” One of Day’s specimens of AMS B.8225 is clearly an example of Sparidentex without the typical molariform teeth found in Acanthopagrus. Although its status as a synonym of S. hasta needs to be resolved, C. cuvieri is clearly distinct from A. berda and A. taiwanensis.</p> <p>Akazaki (1962) synonymized Sparus chrysopterus Kishinouye, 1907 (type locality: Kyushu, Shikoku, Inland Sea, Pacific coast of Hondo, Japan) with A. latus. Although the type appears to be lost at ZUMT, Kishinouye (1907) noted that the pelvic and anal fins of S. chrysopterus are yellow, a character typical of A. latus. The description of the molariform teeth of this species is similar to those of A. schlegelii and clearly places it in the genus Acanthopagrus, although distinct from A. berda and A. taiwanensis.</p>Published as part of <i>Yukio Iwatsuki & Kent E. Carpenter, 2006, Acanthopagrus taiwanensis, a new sparid fish (Perciformes), with comparisons to Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775) and other nominal species of Acanthopagrus., pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 1202</i> on pages 4-1
The Lower Dolomite Member of the Ordovician Chazy Limestone and the St. Peter Sandstone of North-Central Kentucky and Southwestern Ohio
No full textAuthor Institution: G. C. Carpenter & Associates, Box 41221, Cincinnati 41, OhioUntil recently little was known of the exact disposition of the Lower Dolomite Member of the Chazy Limestone and the St. Peter Sandstone in the area of study. This study has been done to illustrate their relationship to the underlying erosional topography on the Knox Dolomite Group.
The Lower Dolomite Member of the Chazy Limestone varies in thickness from a maximum of 100 feet to zero. The greater thicknesses are deposited in erosional valleys developed in the Knox Dolomite and the thinner sections are found deposited over the higher remnants, or hills, of Knox Dolomite. The use of geophysical well logs for placing the upper contact of this unit is very helpful.
The sandstone pinches out in the area of study in an easterly direction. A local depression or basin was formed in northern Kentucky where in excess of 60 feet of sand accumulated. The sands were probably from two sources: 1) sand from the St. Peter source area as erosion progressed landward, and 2) local erosion of Knox Dolomite "hills"
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