470 research outputs found
Gender and age differences in forgivingness in Italian and Polish samples
Get PDFThis study explores gender and age differences in forgivingness using the crosscultural and stress-and-coping perspective. Polish and Italian versions of the Heartland Forgiveness scale (HFS) were used. The sample consisted of 1957 individuals aged 18–80 (61% females and 39% males). A 3-way between groups ANOVA was used to examine the main effects and interactions of country, age and gender as they relate to total HFS score. Post-hoc analyses were performed where appropriate. The results revealed that Polish and Italian respondents did not differ in the level of the general tendency to forgive. Gender differences in trait forgiveness were reported in whole sample and in Italian subsample, showing males to be more forgiving than females. Further, our results for all study participants, in Polish subsample and among Italian males showed that older adults were more forgiving than young respondents, which is consistent with the previous findings showing an increase in forgivingness with age
Family structure and forgivingness: The mediating role of insecure attachment
No full textThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the structure of the family of origin and tendency to forgive by investigating attachment as a potential mediating variable. Polish version of the FACES-IV (Olson & Gorall, 2003; Margasiński, 2015); the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson et al., 2005; Kaleta, Mróz, & Guzewicz, 2016), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990; Collins, 1995/2008; Adamczyk, 2012) were used. The sample consisted of 91 individuals aged 19–26 (58.25% females). The results showed that maladaptive family of origin structures are associated with a lower level of dispositional forgiveness. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between adaptive family of origin structures and dispositional forgiveness. Furthermore, the results indicate that insecure attachment is a mediator in the relationship between the maladaptive family of origin structure and dispositional forgiveness
Family structure and forgivingness: the mediating role of insecure attachment
No full textThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the structure of the family of origin and tendency to forgive by investigating attachment as a potential mediating variable. Polish version of the FACES-IV (Olson & Gorall, 2003; Margasiński, 2015); the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson et al., 2005; Kaleta, Mróz, & Guzewicz, 2016), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins, & Read, 1990; Collins, 1995/2008; Adamczyk, 2012) were used. The sample consisted of 91 individuals aged 19–26 (58.25% females). The results showed that maladaptive family of origin structures are associated with a lower level of dispositional forgiveness. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between adaptive family of origin structures and dispositional forgiveness. Furthermore, the results indicate that insecure attachment is a mediator in the relationship between the maladaptive family of origin structure and dispositional forgiveness
Moderacyjna rola przebaczenia między zaangażowaniem w pracę a satysfakcją z niej
Get PDFEmployee satisfaction is significant both for the employer and for the employees. According to the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, the resources, and especially their interconnection, are important for increasing satisfaction with life in many areas, including job satisfaction. Work engagement combines a high level of pleasure (dedication) with high activation (vigour, absorption). The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between work engagement, dispositional forgiveness and job satisfaction among employees in an organization. Polish versions of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (adapted by Chirkowska-Smolak), the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (adapted by Kaleta, Mróz, and Guzewicz) and the Satisfaction with Job Scale (developed by Zalewska) were used. The sample consisted of 94 employees aged 20 to 54. The results revealed relationships between work engagement and job satisfaction. In addition, we incorporated the moderating role of forgiveness in the analyses. The outcomes indicated that the association between work engagement and job satisfaction tends to be stronger for employees with high positive forgiveness than for employees with low positive forgiveness.Zadowolenie pracowników jest istotne zarówno dla pracodawcy, jak i dla pracowników. Zgodnie z teorią zachowania zasobów (COR) zasoby, a zwłaszcza ich wzajemne związki, są ważne dla zwiększenia satysfakcji z życia w wielu obszarach, w tym satysfakcji z pracy. Zaangażowanie w pracę łączy w sobie wysoki poziom przyjemności (poświęcenie) z wysoką aktywnością (wigorem, absorpcją). Celem niniejszego badania było przeprowadzenie analizy relacji między zaangażowaniem w pracę, przebaczeniem dyspozycyjnym i satysfakcją z pracy wśród pracowników organizacji. Wykorzystano polskie wersje Skali Utrecht Work Engagement (zaadaptowanej przez Chirkowską-Smolak), Skalę Przebaczenia Heartland (zaadaptowaną przez Kaletę, Mróz i Guzewicz) oraz Skalę Satysfakcji z Pracy opracowaną przez Zalewską. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone wśród 94 pracowników w wieku od 20 do 54 lat. Wyniki wskazały na związki między zaangażowaniem w pracę a satysfakcją z niej. Ponadto uwzględniono moderującą rolę przebaczenia w analizach. Wyniki wskazują, że związek między zaangażowaniem w pracę a satysfakcją z pracy jest zazwyczaj silniejszy dla pracowników o wysokim przebaczeniu ogólnym i przebaczeniu pozytywnym niż dla pracowników o niskim przebaczeniu ogólnym i przebaczeniu pozytywnym
Comparison of ovarian cycles of Hungarian riverine fish species representing different spawning strategies
No full textInvestigations on the ovarian cycle of fish species that inhabit Hungarian rivers are necessitated by both environmental and economic reasons. The objective of our research was to explore new fundamental knowledge concerning the ovarian cycle of the white bream (Blicca bjoerkna, Linnaeus, 1758), barbel (Barbus barbus, Linnaeus, 1758), orfe (Leuciscus idus, Linnaeus, 1758) and nase (Chondrostoma nasus, Linnaeus, 1758). Histological investigation of ovaries and determination of proportions of oocytes in different stages of development is an appropriate method for the description of spawning characteristics of these species. Our results show that the GSI value for all four investigated species starts to increase at the end of summer and reaches its maximum before spawning. In the barbel and white bream, the presence of oocytes in the stage of cortical alveoli and the heterogeneous size of oocytes in the stage of vitellogenesis in the pre-spawning period indicate that barbel and white bream are multiple spawners. In contrast, in the orfe and nase, the absence of oocytes in the stage of cortical alveoli and the homogeneous size of cells in the stage of vitellogenesis indicate that orfe and nase are single spawners
Marital satisfaction, differentiation of self and stress perceived by women
No full textDifferentiation of self refers to the ability to modulate affect, maintain a clear sense of Self, and balance intimacy and autonomy in significant relationships. The author tested whether differentiation mediated the relationship between marital satisfaction and stress perceived by women. The sample consisted of 220 married women. Marital satisfaction was found to be inversely correlated with perceived stress. Greater marital satisfaction also coincided with better differentiation of self (less emotional reactivity, greater I position, less emotional cutoff and fusion with others), while lower level of differentiation was significantly associated with higher feeling of stress. Differentiation of self also mediated the linkage between marital satisfaction and stress perceived by women. The results support searching hypothesis
Satysfakcja małżeńska, dyferencjacja Ja i stres odczuwany przez kobiety
No full textDifferentiation of self refers to the ability to modulate affect, maintain a clear sense of self, and balance intimacy and autonomy in significant relationships. The author tested whether differentiation mediated the relationship between marital satisfaction and stress perceived by women. The sample consisted of 220 married women. Marital satisfaction was found to be inversely correlated with perceived stress. Greater marital satisfaction also coincided with better differentiation of self (less emotional reactivity, greater I position, less emotional cutoff and fusion with others), while lower level of differentiation was significantly associated with higher feeling of stress. Differentiation of self also mediated the linkage between marital satisfaction and stress perceived by women. The results support searching hypothesis
Ocena powodzenia małżeństwa rodziców a style interpersonalnego funkcjonowania młodzieży
No full textThe objective of this study was to analyze family mechanisms in the development of adolescents’ social functioning. It focused on the relation between father and mother. It was assumed that those subjects who assess their parents’ marital quality as low are more hostile in interpersonal situations, while individuals who perceive high marital satisfaction in their parents display a more pro-social behaviour. . The Marital Satisfaction Scale by M. Braun-Gałkowska (1985) with a modifi cation by A. Gałkowska (1999) and the Interpersonal Style Scale by J.M. Stanik (1994a; 1994b) were used in the study. 344 adolescents were examined. The results of the correlation indicated that there is a connection between the perceived parents’ marital quality and the social functioning of young people in the following styles: cooperative-overconventional, docile-dependent and selfeffacing– masochistic, as well as realism and pessimism in interactions (a weak correlation, but a signifi cant one). Moreover, the division into groups of respondents as regards their assessment of their parents’ marriage (as low, average and highly successful) and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) allowed to capture the specifi city of the interpersonal functioning of each. Those respondents who perceived their parents as the most satisfi ed with their relationship turned out to be the most prosocial and independent, while those who evaluated their parents’ relationship the lowest turned out to be the least friendly towards others, and the most pessimistic. These results support the hypothesis, but only in some styles the differences were statistically signifi cant (in cooperativeoverconventional and docile-dependent styles, and pessimism scale
Infringement action of an unregistered community design – general issues
No full textKinga Wernicka - doktor nauk prawnych, Katedra Prawa Unii Europejskiej Wydziału Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej; rzecznik patentowy.This article aims to outline the nature of infringement action based on an
unregistered community design. The author indicates the principles of this kind of
action. The article consists of 4 parts (excluding introduction and final remarks).
In the first part, the author indicates the rights conferred by Community designs
based on art. 19.1 of the Council Regulation (EC) No 6/2002 of 12 December 2001
on Community designs, and endeavours to define the scope of protection of an
unregistered design. The second part concerns the limitation of rights conferred by
an unregistered community design, while the third provides analysis on the issue
of the presumption of validity of unregistered community design based on art. 85.2
(1) of regulation 6/2002, in which the author enumerates the proof that should be
produced by the rights holder. The final part of the article presents some remarks on
the procedural aspects of proceedings relating to infringement of an unregistered
design. All aspects concerning the subject of the article are based on judgements of
the Court of Justice of the European Union and the literature on the topic.Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej243-25
Familial determinants of social functioning in light of Minuchin’s and Bowen’s theories
No full textSpołeczne funkcjonowanie jednostki – rozumiane jako sposób nawiązywania interakcji, ich efektywność i towarzyszące temu emocje – najczęściej interpretowane jest w ramach koncepcji socjalizacji. Zauważa się w nich istotną rolę środowiska rodzinnego, choć mechanizmy jego wpływu wydają się niedostatecznie podkreślone. Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na koncepcje bardziej szczegółowo wyjaśniające wzajemną zależność między wzorem relacji rodzinnych a społecznym rozwojem dzieci. W tym kontekście zaprezentowano dopełniające się poglądy dwóch przedstawicieli podejścia systemowego – Salvadora Minuchina i Murraya Bowena, którzy zwrócili uwagę na zasadnicze właściwości rodzin, takie jak rodzaj granic, poziom dyferencjacji „ja” oraz wzory relacyjne (fuzja, triangulacja, osobisty autorytet, izolacja, intergeneracyjne zastraszanie).Family mechanisms of social functioning development were analyzed. The basis for the conducted analyses were provided by the boundary types according to Salvador Minuchin, in concurrence with the degree of Self-differentiation and relational patterns (fusion, triangulation, autonomy, intimacy, personal authority in the family system, isolation, intergeneration intimidation), as proposed by Murray Bowen. Integration of these notions is proposed, indicating their similarity and mutual complementation
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