1,720,972 research outputs found
In vitro inhibition of fungi causing postharvest green and blue mold of citrus fruits by agricultural by-products extract
No full textCitrus are among the most important crops in the Mediterranean basin. Citrus fruit consumption has health benefits due to the content of vitamins and minerals. During postharvest storage, citrus fruits are susceptible to green and blue molds, caused by Penicillium digitatum (PD) and 95 Penicillium italicum (PI), respectively. To control these diseases, chemical fungicides are commonly used. However, many of them are reportedly harmful to humans and the environment. Agricultural by-products (ABP) are rich in a variety of bioactive compounds, such as (poly)phenols, essential oils, terpenoids, and alkaloids, which might have antifungal properties. Thus, the bioactive compounds of ABP could be a sustainable source of novel antifungal agents for citrus molds control. Moreover, the use of ABP contributes to the circular economy by valorizing value-added compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro the inhibitory effect of extracts from ABP from Spain. Extracts from olive pomace (ALP), almond skin (AMS), and avocado seed (AVS) were tested against PD and PI. Extracts were obtained from lyophilized samples of each by-product by an ultrasound-assisted extraction procedure using a hydroalcoholic solution. The extracts were characterized by their total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The in vitro inhibitory activity of extracts was investigated using a microtiter assay employing a 96-well plate. In each well, 20 μL of extract, 150 μL of Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) culture medium, and 30 μL of fungal inoculum containing 1.5x105 spores/mL were pipetted. Sterile water was used in controls instead of inoculum or extract to achieve a final volume of 300 μL. Finally, the plates were incubated in the dark at 25°C, and the optical density of each well was measured using a spectrophotometer at 600 nm every 24h for 4 days. The inhibitory activity of the extracts was calculated with respect to the control treatment (PDB without extract) on day 4. TPC was higher in the AVS extract (427.40 mg GAE/g DW), whereas AMS and ALP yielded lower values (32.79 mg GAE/g of DW and 12.21 mg GAE/g DW, respectively). Moreover, TAC was higher in the AMS extract (4.89 g AAE/L), followed by ALP (4.62 g AAE/L) and AVS (3.07 g AAE/L). In the in vitro assays, AMS and AVS extracts inhibited 100% of PD fungal growth, whereas ALP inhibited 81%. Regarding PI, AVS inhibited 100%, AMS 97%, and ALP only 55% of fungal growth. The results suggest that extracts with higher TPC and TAC had a more significant inhibitory effect against PD and PI. Therefore, in this work, the presence of (poly)phenols and antioxidants correlated with the antifungal activity of the ABP extracts. Moreover, AVS and AMS extracts have the potential to be used as a source of novel antifungal agents to control postharvest green and blue molds of citrus. Further studies should investigate the in vivo antifungal activity of the AVS and AMS extracts and their characterization by HPLC
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Proceedings of the III International Symposium on Horticulture in Europe - SHE2016 : Chania, Crete, Greece, October 17-21, 2016
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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