1,720,957 research outputs found
Fengslet for sin innsats: Anne Marie Breien og historien om en kvinnelig motstandshelt
Full text linkHensikten med denne bachelorbesvarelsen har vært å belyse et sentralt, men ofte oversett tema i norsk historieskriving: det manglende fokuset på norske kvinners innsats i motstandsarbeidet under andre verdenskrig. Hovedmålet har vært å undersøke hvorfor så mange kvinner ikke har fått den anerkjennelsen de fortjener – verken under krigen eller i ettertid – med utgangspunkt i historien til Anne Marie Breien.
Problemstillingen som ligger til grunn for analysen er: «Hvordan kan behandlingen av Anne Marie Breien som en norsk krigshelt speile samtidens holdninger og kvinnesyn, og hvilke faktorer bidro til at kvinnelige motstandshelter generelt fikk mindre annerkjennelse enn mannlige motstandshelter?». Denne danner utgangspunktet for en bredere diskusjon basert på flere kvinners erfaringer. Besvarelsen bygger på en kvalitativ metode med bruk av historiske kilder som eldre avisutklipp, sekundærlitteratur og samfunnsvitenskapelig teori.
Gjennom arbeidet har flere funn identifisert ulike forklaringer på hvorfor kvinner som deltok i motstandsarbeidet i mindre grad er blitt husket og hedret enn menn. Blant de viktigste funnene er betydningen av samtidens holdninger og verdisyn, maktstrukturer i historiefortellingen og hvordan kollektive minner formes. Behandlingen av Anne Marie Breien trekkes frem som et av mange eksempler på hvordan kvinnelig innsats under andre verdenskrig ble marginalisert i etterkrigstiden. Mangelen på kvinnelig anerkjennelse er et komplekst og sammensatt tema, noe denne besvarelsen belyser ved at den også tar for seg hvordan kvinnelig marginalisering også henger sammen med normer for kjønn og moral – både historisk og i dagens samfunn.
Avslutningsvis kan det argumenteres for at denne besvarelsen ikke bare løfter frem en glemt historie, men også bidrar til en større og fortsatt høyst dagsaktuell debatt om kjønnsbasert ulikhet i samfunnsanerkjennelse, minnekultur og historiefortelling.The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis has been to shed a light on a central yet often overlooked topic in Norwegian historiography: the lack of focus on Norwegian women’s contributions to the resistance movement during World War II. The main objective has been to examine why so many women have not received the recognition they deserve – either during the war or in its aftermath – using the story of Anne Marie Breien as a starting point.
The research question guiding the analysis is: “How can the treatment of Anne Marie Breien as a Norwegian war hero reflect contemporary attitudes and perceptions of women, and what factors contributed to female resistance fighters generally receiving less recognition than their male counterparts?”. This question forms the basis for a broader discussion drawing on the experiences of several women. The thesis employs a qualitive method, using historical sources such as old newspapers, secondary literature, and social science theory.
Throughout the study, several findings have revealed different explanations for why women who participated in the resistance during World War II have been remembered and honoured to a lesser extent than men. Key findings include of contemporary values and gender norms, the power structures within historical narratives, and how we collective memory is shaped. The case of Anne Marie Breien is presented as one of many examples illustrating how women’s wartime contributions were marginalised in the post-war period. The lack of female recognition is a complex issue, and this thesis explores how such marginalisation is also tied to social norms regarding gender and morality – both historically and in today’s society.
In conclusion, it may be argued that this thesis not only brings to light a forgotten story but also contributes to a broader and still highly relevant debate on gender-based inequality in public recognition, memory culture, and historical representation
The Missing Girls of Greece: Discriminatory practices against girls in Greece from late 19th to early 20th century
Full text linkThis PhD thesis sheds light on the existence and underlying factors of gender-based discriminatory practices, mortal neglect, and potential instances of infanticide against female infants and children in Modern Greece during the late 19th to the early 20th centuries. In order to overcome the lack of direct evidence on such discriminatory practices against girls, the project relies on infant and child sex ratios (number of boys per hundred girls) derived from data drawn from the three census reports of 1879/1881, 1907 and 1920. Sex ratios in different age groups tend to be relatively balanced when gender discrimination is not present, thus comparing the observed number to a gender-neutral ratio can potentially point to discrimination practices. The investigation involves a comparative study of different regions in Greece, characterized by distinct cultural influences, family structures, and economic circumstances. The project examines potential correlations between sex ratios and variables such as family configurations, dowries, economic aspects, and inheritance systems, utilizing statistical data at both regional and national levels. Additionally, the study incorporates statistical information from Foundling Hospitals regarding the abandonment of female infants. The quantitative findings are complemented with qualitative archival and bibliographic materials sourced from interviews, local press, novels, and ethnographic research. The project also considers the societal impacts of events such as wars, refugee movements, famines, and epidemics, exploring their connection to discrimination against girls and its influence on high gender ratios and rates of female abandonment
"I wish my father had a job...". Children's experiences and perspectives of poverty in contemporary Greece
No full textWhile Europe is slowly emerging from a devastating financial crisis, in Greece the ordeal is far from being over. Every-day life is frustrating and tough, and the economic figures do not capture the hardship of the austerity-hit economy. In amidst the challenging realities of poverty, unemployment, indebtedness, markets’ stagnation and austerity measures children’s lives are suffering tremendous and deep impacts. The government programs in education, health, and child protection were amongst the first to be cut due to budget constraints. Furthermore, the financial crisis is intensifying the effects of the increasing cost of the daily life, seriously challenging the abilities of families to cope and of children to thrive.
This study aimed to explore children’s experiences and perspectives of poverty in the urban area of Athens, the capital of Greece. Fourteen children, whose one or both parents have lost their jobs, participated and they helped me generate rich and valuable data. Parents, teachers and social workers were also interviewed and contributed with their knowledge to a more diverse and broad understanding of child and familial poverty. The major theoretical perspectives on which this study was based are the Structural perspective of the new Social Studies of Childhood, political economy as well as discourses on agency, resilience, neoliberalism, poverty and social reproduction. This theoretical background constituted an excellent base to build my study upon, pointing out that children are deeply affected by political, economic and societal macro-parameters stemming from the financial crisis and neoliberalism practices. Children, although they are capable social actors, they cannot escape the macro-parametric impacts that extrude them and their families in poverty. Yet, poverty is multifaceted and goes beyond monetary aspects, therefore children’s perspectives are very illuminating.
The children in this study are excellent political and economic commentators. Not only they realize that the financial crisis is part of a “global picture” but they also link it with parental unemployment and the consequent economic problems they face in their households. Children exercise their agency in order to get by, to get out and, what I propose, to “get on with life” under poverty. They do not consider themselves poor. Instead, they use other expressions that indicate financial constriction. Children’s views on poverty go beyond material deprivation and they include lack of quality-time spent with the parents, inability of going on vacations or on family nights-out, self-exclusion practices and constrains on their dreams for the future. Another aspect of poverty that emerged from the narratives of children is the “parent poverty” which has to do with the physical and emotional absence of the parent. Children endure a harsh, everyday reality and they do so in silence in order not to over-burden their parents. Disrupted social reproduction has led them in shouldering more domestic and caretaking responsibilities. Since there are not many similar studies done in Greece, I consider it very important to let the children’s voices to be heard and illuminate their realitie
"I wish my father had a job...". Children's experiences and perspectives of poverty in contemporary Greece
Full text linkWhile Europe is slowly emerging from a devastating financial crisis, in Greece the ordeal is far from being over. Every-day life is frustrating and tough, and the economic figures do not capture the hardship of the austerity-hit economy. In amidst the challenging realities of poverty, unemployment, indebtedness, markets’ stagnation and austerity measures children’s lives are suffering tremendous and deep impacts. The government programs in education, health, and child protection were amongst the first to be cut due to budget constraints. Furthermore, the financial crisis is intensifying the effects of the increasing cost of the daily life, seriously challenging the abilities of families to cope and of children to thrive.
This study aimed to explore children’s experiences and perspectives of poverty in the urban area of Athens, the capital of Greece. Fourteen children, whose one or both parents have lost their jobs, participated and they helped me generate rich and valuable data. Parents, teachers and social workers were also interviewed and contributed with their knowledge to a more diverse and broad understanding of child and familial poverty. The major theoretical perspectives on which this study was based are the Structural perspective of the new Social Studies of Childhood, political economy as well as discourses on agency, resilience, neoliberalism, poverty and social reproduction. This theoretical background constituted an excellent base to build my study upon, pointing out that children are deeply affected by political, economic and societal macro-parameters stemming from the financial crisis and neoliberalism practices. Children, although they are capable social actors, they cannot escape the macro-parametric impacts that extrude them and their families in poverty. Yet, poverty is multifaceted and goes beyond monetary aspects, therefore children’s perspectives are very illuminating.
The children in this study are excellent political and economic commentators. Not only they realize that the financial crisis is part of a “global picture” but they also link it with parental unemployment and the consequent economic problems they face in their households. Children exercise their agency in order to get by, to get out and, what I propose, to “get on with life” under poverty. They do not consider themselves poor. Instead, they use other expressions that indicate financial constriction. Children’s views on poverty go beyond material deprivation and they include lack of quality-time spent with the parents, inability of going on vacations or on family nights-out, self-exclusion practices and constrains on their dreams for the future. Another aspect of poverty that emerged from the narratives of children is the “parent poverty” which has to do with the physical and emotional absence of the parent. Children endure a harsh, everyday reality and they do so in silence in order not to over-burden their parents. Disrupted social reproduction has led them in shouldering more domestic and caretaking responsibilities. Since there are not many similar studies done in Greece, I consider it very important to let the children’s voices to be heard and illuminate their realitie
To Cry One’s Fate: Female Expressions of Pain in the Lamentation Songs of Mani in Modern Greece
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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