1,720,977 research outputs found
COVIDFakeExplainer: An Explainable Machine Learning based Web Application for Detecting COVID-19 Fake News
Get PDFFake news has emerged as a critical global issue, magnified by the COVID-19
pandemic, underscoring the need for effective preventive tools. Leveraging
machine learning, including deep learning techniques, offers promise in
combatting fake news. This paper goes beyond by establishing BERT as the
superior model for fake news detection and demonstrates its utility as a tool
to empower the general populace. We have implemented a browser extension,
enhanced with explainability features, enabling real-time identification of
fake news and delivering easily interpretable explanations. To achieve this, we
have employed two publicly available datasets and created seven distinct data
configurations to evaluate three prominent machine learning architectures. Our
comprehensive experiments affirm BERT's exceptional accuracy in detecting
COVID-19-related fake news. Furthermore, we have integrated an explainability
component into the BERT model and deployed it as a service through Amazon's
cloud API hosting (AWS). We have developed a browser extension that interfaces
with the API, allowing users to select and transmit data from web pages,
receiving an intelligible classification in return. This paper presents a
practical end-to-end solution, highlighting the feasibility of constructing a
holistic system for fake news detection, which can significantly benefit
society.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Legal and ethical aspects of deploying artificial intelligence in climate-smart agriculture
No full textThis study aims to identify artificial intelligence (AI) technologies that are applied in climate-smart agricultural practices and address ethical concerns of deploying those technologies from legal perspectives. As climate-smart agricultural AI, the study considers those AI-based technologies that are used for precision agriculture, monitoring peat lands, deforestation tracking, and improved forest management. The study utilized a systematic literature review approach to identify and analyze AI technologies employed in climate-smart agriculture and associated ethical and legal concerns. The study findings indicate several ethical concerns for deploying AI in climate-smart agricultural practices pertaining to data inaccuracy, other technical errors based on wrong recommendations or wrongful acts, data ownership and intellectual property issues, and economic issues resulting in digital division and privacy and security related issues. In this study, the ethical concerns were further examined based on criminal law, tort law, privacy and data protection law, and intellectual property law. In this regard, the study finds that the current tort law pattern is more suitable than the criminal law pattern to address some major ethical concerns, such as data inaccuracy and other technical errors based on wrong recommendations or wrongful acts. Finally, the study recommends that at the global level, all countries need to fill up the current gap of international law on climate-smart agriculture through agreeing on a standard set of legal provisions and enhancing collaboration in innovation and deployment of climate-smart agricultural AI. It further recommends that at the local level, countries need to adopt suitable regulations addressing multi-stakeholders’ interests associated with the deployment of climate-smart agricultural AIs.</p
LEI2JSON: Schema-based Validation and Conversion of Livestock Event Information
Get PDFLivestock producers often need help in standardising (i.e., converting and
validating) their livestock event data. This article introduces a novel
solution, LEI2JSON (Livestock Event Information To JSON). The tool is an add-on
for Google Sheets, adhering to the livestock event information (LEI) schema.
The core objective of LEI2JSON is to provide livestock producers with an
efficient mechanism to standardise their data, leading to substantial savings
in time and resources. This is achieved by building the spreadsheet template
with the appropriate column headers, notes, and validation rules, converting
the spreadsheet data into JSON format, and validating the output against the
schema. LEI2JSON facilitates the seamless storage of livestock event
information locally or on Google Drive in JSON. Additionally, we have conducted
an extensive experimental evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the tool.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figure
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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