59 research outputs found
STRATEGI CAMPAIGN KOMUNIKASI KPAID KAB. TASIKMALAYA TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK MELALUI FILM “ARUL HADIAH TERBAIK”
No full textBased on the real-time report of the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in the period from January 1 to the end of May 2024, there were more than 8,900 cases of violence in Indonesia. West Java occupies the top position in Indonesia in terms of the level of violence against children. The film "Arul Hadiah Terbaik" is the first film in Indonesia made by KPAID Tasikmalaya Regency in collaboration with the Police with the theme of education about the Child Protection Law. The purpose of this study is to know, analyze and describe how the KPAID Communication Campaign Strategy of Tasikmalaya Regency on Child Protection through the Film "Arul Hadiah Terbaik". In this study, the author uses a type of qualitative research. Data collection techniques are carried out by interviews, observations, documentation and literature studies. Theoretical triangulation was carried out to test the validity of the data used. This study discusses the process of delivering messages or information with campaign communication which is carried out through three processes, namely, awareness, attitudes and opinions, and behavior. This study uses a SWOT analysis method consisting of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The results of this study based on the delivery process with campaign communication show that this film plays an important role in raising awareness, forming attitudes and encouraging positive behaviors related to child protection. And based on the SWOT analysis of this study, it shows that the filming of Arul Hadiah Best is based on a true story, played by the original cast and directed by a local artist. The production and promotion process also faces challenges such as limited budgets and production fittings. However, with these limitations, this film maximizes the value contained in the storyline
Parallel screening of FDA-approved antineoplastic drugs for identifying sensitizers of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells
No full textAbstract Background Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and agonistic antibodies to death receptor 4 and 5 are promising candidates for cancer therapy due to their ability to induce apoptosis selectively in a variety of human cancer cells, while demonstrating little cytotoxicity in normal cells. Although TRAIL and agonistic antibodies to DR4 and DR5 are considered safe and promising candidates in cancer therapy, many malignant cells are resistant to DR-mediated, TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In the current work, we screened a small library of fifty-five FDA and foreign-approved anti-neoplastic drugs in order to identify candidates that sensitized resistant prostate and pancreatic cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Methods FDA-approved drugs were screened for their ability to sensitize TRAIL resistant prostate cancer cells to TRAIL using an MTT assay for cell viability. Analysis of variance was used to identify drugs that exhibited synergy with TRAIL. Drugs demonstrating the highest synergy were selected as leads and tested in different prostate and pancreatic cancer cell lines, and one immortalized human pancreatic epithelial cell line. Sequential and simultaneous dosing modalities were investigated and the annexin V/propidium iodide assay, in concert with fluorescence microscopy, was employed to visualize cells undergoing apoptosis. Results Fourteen drugs were identified as having synergy with TRAIL, including those whose TRAIL sensitization activities were previously unknown in either prostate or pancreatic cancer cells or both. Five leads were tested in additional cancer cell lines of which, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and mithramycin demonstrated synergy in all lines. In particular, mitoxantrone and mithramycin demonstrated significant synergy with TRAIL and led to reduction of cancer cell viability at concentrations lower than 1 μM. At these low concentrations, mitoxantrone demonstrated selectivity toward malignant cells over normal pancreatic epithelial cells. Conclusions The identification of a number of FDA-approved drugs as TRAIL sensitizers can expand chemotherapeutic options for combination treatments in prostate and pancreatic cancer diseases.</p
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TACROLIMUS TABLET FORMULATIONS FOR SUBLINGUAL ADMINISTRATION
No full textObjective: The study aimed to prepare and characterize inclusion complexes of tacrolimus with β-cyclodextrin to improve its solubility and to formulate them into sublingual fast disintegrating tablets with a view to bypass the first-pass metabolism.
Methods: Tacrolimus: β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (1:1 and 1:2 molar proportions) were prepared using the kneading method. Their characterization was accomplished by determining the drug content, solubility, Attenuated Total Reflection-Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and powder X-Ray Diffraction analysis (pXRD). These were then formulated to fast disintegrating tablets and evaluated for precompression as well as post compressional characteristics.
Results: SEM analysis showed the inclusion complexes as rough, non-porous, irregular surfaced aggregate particles. DSC and pXRD analyses confirm the crystallinity change and partial conversion to the amorphous form of the drug in the inclusion complexes. From the solubility studies, it was observed that both the inclusion complexes of 1:2 molar ratio (14.82±0.889 µg/ml) and 1:1 molar ratio (12.72±0.1004 µg/ml) improved the aqueous solubility to greater extents in comparison to that of the pure drug (3.05±0.121 µg/ml). All the tablet formulations showed good precompression and mechanical properties. The inclusion complex loaded tablets exhibited a superior drug release pattern when compared to tablets prepared with tacrolimus alone. The optimized formulation (TT3) showed an in vitro disintegration time of 34.33 s and a percent drug release of 97.87.
Conclusion: The inclusion complex formulation combined with the sublingual route of administration can be expected to result in an improved bioavailability of tacrolimus by increasing its solubility and bypassing first-pass metabolism
IMPLEMENTING CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TACROLIMUS FILM FOR SUBLINGUAL ADMINISTRATION
No full textObjective: The study aimed to develop fast-dissolving films (FDFs) of the immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus monohydrate for sublingual administration, employing central composite design (CCD), to improve its bioavailability.
Methods: Tacrolimus: β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes prepared earlier were formulated into FDFs. CCD was used for developing optimal film formulation with the desired characteristics. The solvent casting method was used for the preparation of films. For optimization, the independent variables selected were the concentration of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose E5 (HPMC E5) (X1) and concentration of croscarmellose sodium (CCS) (X2) and the responses were disintegration time (Y1) and percentage drug release at 5 min (Y2). The suggested optimal films were subjected to further characterization.
Results: All the formulations showed good mechanical properties. The composition of optimized FDF constituted 3.016% w/v of HPMC and 11.731%w/w of CCS and its average disintegration time was 27.28s and showed 83.13% mean drug release at 5 min. Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed complete dispersion and partial conversion into the amorphous form of the drug, which was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the smooth and porous nature of the film.
Conclusion: The developed FDF may be used sublingually for delivering tacrolimus efficiently, avoiding its oral bioavailability problems
Author response
No full textTendons are extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich structures that mediate muscle attachments with the skeleton, but surprisingly little is known about molecular mechanisms of attachment. Individual myofibers and tenocytes in Drosophila interact through integrin (Itg) ligands such as Thrombospondin (Tsp), while vertebrate muscles attach to complex ECM fibrils embedded with tenocytes. We show for the first time that a vertebrate thrombospondin, Tsp4b, is essential for muscle attachment and ECM assembly at myotendinous junctions (MTJs). Tsp4b depletion in zebrafish causes muscle detachment upon contraction due to defects in laminin localization and reduced Itg signaling at MTJs. Mutation of its oligomerization domain renders Tsp4b unable to rescue these defects, demonstrating that pentamerization is required for ECM assembly. Furthermore, injected human TSP4 localizes to zebrafish MTJs and rescues muscle detachment and ECM assembly in Tsp4b-deficient embryos. Thus Tsp4 functions as an ECM scaffold at MTJs, with potential therapeutic uses in tendon strengthening and repair
SPRAY-DRIED CHITOSAN MICROSPHERES FOR SUSTAINED DELIVERY OF TRIFLUOPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE: FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION
No full textObjective: Sustained release systems have the potential to enhance the therapeutic responses in the long-term management of psychiatric disorders. In the present study, cross-linked microspheres of the antipsychotic drug Trifluoperazine (TFP) were prepared using biodegradable polymer-chitosan and various in vitro evaluations were performed on the prepared microspheres.
Methods: The spray drying technique was used to prepare TFP-loaded chitosan microspheres. Tripolyphosphate (TPP) was incorporated into the chitosan solutions as a cross-linking agent in varying concentrations. Different evaluations like production yield, encapsulation efficiency, drug-polymer compatibility, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC), particle size, zeta potential analysis and in vitro drug release studies were performed on the developed formulations.
Results: The formulated microparticles exhibited production yields ranging from 38.51 to 57.21% and had reasonably good encapsulation efficiencies (54.52-78.35%). The drug excipient compatibility was confirmed by Infrared Spectroscopy. All the microspheres showed positive zeta potential with a mean diameter ranging from 1.45-3.61µ. SEM images revealed the formation of spherical particles with indentations on the surface. XRD and DSC studies confirmed the presence of an amorphous form of the drug inside the microspheres. The in vitro release profile of TFP from cross-linked chitosan microspheres was influenced considerably by changing the concentration of polymer and crosslinking agent in the formulation. The drug release from (0.5%) chitosan microspheres reduced from 91% to 79%, when TPP concentration was increased from 10% w/w to 30% w/w. All the formulations clearly showed a burst release of the drug in the initial hours and a subsequent sustained release profile.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that TPP crosslinked spray-dried chitosan microparticles could be a promising method for developing a long-acting drug delivery system intended to effectively treat schizophrenia
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIFLUOPERAZINE LOADED TRANSDERMAL PATCHES FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE
No full textObjective: The purpose of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the polymeric transdermal delivery system of antipsychotic drug Trifluoperazine (TFP) for sustained drug release.
Methods: A transdermal patch loaded with (TFP) was formulated by solvent casting technique. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 and ethyl cellulose (EC) was used as a polymeric matrix with different ratios. Di n-butyl phthalate was used as a plasticizer. The parameters such as thickness, folding endurance and weight variation of the prepared patches were studied. The interaction study by attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed. In vitro drug release study was performed by modified paddle over-disc technique.
Results: The infrared spectroscopic study confirmed the absence of any chemical interaction between TFP and selected polymers. All the prepared formulations showed folding endurance values ranging from 130-162 and a satisfactory drug loading of 90-95%. In in vitro drug release study, formulations PE-3 and PE-4 exhibited a sustained and stable cumulative release of 54 % and 48% respectively, at the end of 24 h. The DSC and XRD analysis proved the partial conversion of the drug from crystalline to amorphous form when integrated into the polymeric matrix.
Conclusion: The prepared transdermal formulations using polymers PVP and ethyl cellulose demonstrated their ability to sustain the release of TFP. The developed formulation could be exploited for multiday therapy of TFP for the effective treatment of schizophrenia with a simplified dosing regimen and enhanced patient compliance
Incident Of Defamation On The Internet In United State, United Kingdom And Malaysia
No full textIn this research paper the author will analyse and discuss the challenges and issues related to Defamation on the Internet. The focus will be on Internet Defamation in the United States, the United Kingdom and Malaysia
A Framework to assess Data Quality in university web portals
No full textData quality is often described as “data that is fit for use by data consumers”. The development of the internet and the various web technologies has increased the expectations of good data quality level among the data consumers. Web portals are meant to attract a wide variety of users and serve as an important means to access data in this information era. There is a need to assess the quality of these data, and so a framework to assess the data quality is wanted. This thesis proposes a framework to assess data quality in university web portals. The proposed framework captures essential DQ dimensions in four categories namely Intrinsic, Representational, Contextual, and Accessibility. In order to develop this framework, DQ dimensions were derived from literature. Next to that special attention was given to data consumers (users of university web portals), this led to the expansion and modification of the dimensions to emphasize the growing importance of the user’s perspective. The set of DQ dimensions has been tested with users using two pre-validations before the final validation of the framework. The proposed framework containing 35 dimensions is validated with user groups of two different universities: TU-Delft, The Netherlands and Pondicherry University, India. The validation showed that all DQ dimensions in the framework were valuable and important from the data consumer’s view of perspective. As an evaluation approach, this framework has been compared with an existing portal data quality model and found this new framework has important DQ dimensions in the context of a UWP. As a consequence, the proposed framework emphasizes the user’s perspective on data quality.Computer Science /Information Architecture TrackElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Internal Sulphate Attack in Slag Blended Systems: A Susceptibility Study
No full textWith rapid industrialisation, the infrastructure sector has seen exponential growth in prefabricated concrete elements due to their speedy construction and efficient usage of material. Precast concrete elements have thus observed some deterioration due to increased internal temperature as a result of rapid curing, and also through deliberate heat curing techniques. This has led to researchers in the past to study the effect of such curing conditions on the durability aspect of the binders, especially their impact on Delayed Ettringite Formation. Precast elements such as railway sleepers, exposed to in the humid environment were thus prone to internal sulphate attack and needs to be investigated. Use of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) as a substitution for binder content in conventional portland cement in the Netherlands has been prevalent since the early 1900s primarily because of its abundant resource from iron industry. The benefits of slag have been then exploited as it was one of the supplementary cementitious systems which along with being a sustainable solution, provides good resistance to environmental degradation such as chloride penetration resistance. However, their advantages surrounding extreme curing conditions have to be studied, unless used at optimised quantities. The research focused on the potential of blast furnace slag systems to undergo internal sulphate attack due to high internal temperatures. The simulation of high internal temperature was done through heat curing inside an oven following which continuous storage under lime solution was carried out in order to saturate the system. Slag systems at low and high substitution levels (20% & 50%) were used along with a combination of coarser and finer surface areas, to investigate their subsequent influence was chosen for the study. Also, since infrastructure industry adopts CEM II & CEM III-A cement type, where the former was low slag concentration with moderate fineness and the latter with higher substitution level of slag in combination with high overall fineness, their potentials for DEF have also been studied. For all the mixes, the influence of high curing temperature and exposure to moisture was studied through microstructural changes, pore size variations and mineralogical composition effect along with fineness on paste specimens. All studies were compared to reference systems of CEM I, which was observed to be the most detrimental due to DEF. Test results indicate that at lower substitution levels of slag secondary ettringite forms in significant quantities in neat systems along with traces of carbo-aluminate phases in the case of slag systems. Also, higher substitution levels does not appear to completely suppress the formation of ettringite after exposure. Its formation in both the cases showed more or less no influence of fineness of slag added, except in the case of pore size distribution. The significant presence of carbo-aluminates was observed in the case of all slag systems that could prove to be beneficial as they do not translate to deteriorative expansion.Civil Engineering | Structural Engineerin
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