1,721,029 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Comparative investigation of kidney lesions of cat and dog with pathomorphological and immunohistochemical methods
No full textBu tez çalışmasında, doğal olgulardan elde edilen ve hastalıktan şüpheli köpek ve kedi böbreklerinin patomorfolojik yönden incelenip karşılaşılan bulguların tanım ve tanısı ile kronik olgularda bağ dokusu artışının (fibrozisin) patogenezinin immunohistokimyasal yöntemlerle karşılaştırmalı olarak araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu amaçla, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı'na nekropsi incelemesi için getirilen; üriner sistem ve üriner sistemi etkileyebilecek anamnez veya klinik bilgisine sahip 46 kedi ve 79 köpekten elde edilen toplam 125 hayvana ait böbrekler incelendi. Makroskopik incelemeden sonra alınan doku örnekleri % 10'luk tamponlu formalinde tespit edilip, parafinde bloklandı. Mikrotomla 4 μm kalınlığında alınan doku kesitleri, rutin deparafinizasyon ve rehidrasyon işlemlerini takiben Harris'in hematoksilen-eozin (HE) yöntemiyle boyandı ve ışık mikroskobunda değerlendirildi. Ayrıca gerek görülen doku kesitlerine Masson'un trikrom ve Periyodik Acide Schiff (PAS) özel boya yöntemleri uygulandı. İmmunohistokimyasal incelemede, kronik olgularda (12 köpek, 7 kedi) gelişen fibrozisin patogenezi araştırıldı. Bu bağlamda, özellikle kaynaklarda belirtilen, tubul epitellerinin epitelyal mezenşimal dönüşüm (EMT) ile epitel hücre özelliklerini kaybedip mezenşimal hücre özelliği kazanıp kazanmadığı; TGF-β1, sitokeratin, E kaderin, S100A4, α-SMA, vimentin ve nestin primer antikorları uygulanarak Avidin-Biotin Complex Peroksidase (ABC-P) yöntemiyle değerlendirildi. Antijen retrieval olarak sıcaklık veya tripsin; kromajen olarak 3'3-Diaminobenzidin (DAP) kullanıldı. Endojen biyotin blokajı için yumurta akı ve süt tozundan yararlanıldı. Patomorfolojik incelemede köpeklerin % 33,3'ünde nefritis, % 48,9'unda nefrozis, % 4,4'ünde infarktus, % 2,2'sinde hidronefroz ve % 11,1'inde neoplazi tespit edildi. Kedilerde ise % 51,6 nefritis, % 35,5 nefrozis, % 3,2 infarktüs ve % 9,7 neoplazi belirlendi. Köpeklerde nefrozislerin, kedilerde ise nefritislerin yoğunluk kazandığı ve her iki böbrekte şekillendiği saptandı. Köpeklerde nefritislerin % 13,3'ü akut, % 6,7'si subakut, % 80'i kronik; nefrozislerin % 9,1'i akut, % 27,3'ü subakut ve % 63,6'sı kronikti. Kedilerde bu oranlar nefritislerde % 25 subakut, % 75 kronik; nefrozislerde % 18,2 akut; % 63,6 subakut ve % 18,2'si kronik şeklinde değerlendirildi. Köpeklerde 37 dejeneratif ve yangısal olgunun 29'unda, kedilerde ise 27 olgunun 19'unda hem glomerul hem de tubulointersitisyel bölgeler etkilenmişti. Köpeklerdeki nefrozis olgularının % 36,7'sinde; kedilerde % 18,2'sinde tubul lümenlerinde kristallere rastlandı. Kronik karekterli nefritis ve nefrozislerin köpeklerde % 70,3; kedilerde % 51,9 oranında oluştuğu dikkati çekti. İmmünohistokimyasal incelemede, intersitisyel fibrozis alanlarındaki tubul epitellerinde E kaderin ve sitokeratin pozitifliğinin azaldığı veya kaybolduğu gözlendi. Buna karşılık anılan hücrelerde hafif de olsa vimtentin pozitifliğinin belirmesi; peritubuler ve periglomeruler bölgelerde bağ doku artışıyla beraber α-SMA pozitif miyofibroblastların artması, fibrozisin EMT yoluyla geliştiği görüşünü güçlendirmiştir. Özellikle EMT olgusunda başlatıcı rol üstlenen TGF-β1'in fibrozisin geliştiği bölgelerdeki tubul epitellerinde ve yangı hücrelerinde tespit edilmesi de bu bağlamdaki görüşleri destekleyen önemli bir kanıt sayıldı. Ayrıca daha önce insan, rat ve farelerde de tespit edilip EMT için kanıt olabileceği ileri sürülen S100A4 pozitifliği, ilk kez bu çalışmadaki kedi ve köpek böbreklerinde aynı bölgedeki tubul hücrelerinde bulundu. Kedilerde sitokeratin – EMT ilişkisi de bu çalışmayla ortaya çıkarıldı. Çalışmada köpeklerde ne normal tubul epitellerinde ne de hasarlı tubul epitellerinde herhangi bir nestin pozitifliğine rastlanmazken kedilerde hasarlı glomerullerin pariyetal epitelleri ile dejenere tubul epitel hücrelerinin tamamı pozitifti. Ayrıca, hem köpeklerde hem kedilerde normal glomerul podositlerinin nestin ekspresyonu yönünden pozitif olduğu, ancak glomerul hasarıyla pozitifliğin kaybolduğu gözlendi. Sonuç olarak bu araştırmada; köpeklerde nefrozislerin, kedilerde ise nefritislerin yoğunluk kazandığı dikkati çekti. Bu bulgular aynı bölgede önceden yapılan retrospektif araştırmalar ile kıyaslandığında, her iki türdeki nefritislerin oranında bir miktar azalma; nefrozislerin oranında ise kayda değer bir artış olduğu görüldü. Nefrozis ve nefritis olgularının her iki türün her iki böbreğinde tespit edilmesi, nefritislerin çoğunlukla hematojen enfeksiyondan, nefrozislerin ise dolaşım bozukluğu veya nefrotoksik etkili sistemik hastalıklardan kaynaklanabileceğini düşündürdü. Nefritis ve nefrozis olgularının çoğunda lezyonların hem glomerul hem de tubulointersitisyel bölgelerde yerleşmesi; bölgeler arasındaki yakın ilişkiyi, birindeki değişikliğin diğerini etkileyebileceğini gösterdi. Kronik yangısal ve dejeneratif olguların fazla olması ise böbrek hastalıklarının erken dönemde teşhis edilmesinde yetersiz kalındığını; geç farkına varıldığını yansıtan kaynak bilgilerini doğrular nitelikte bulundu. Bazı farklılıklar olsa da kronik olgularda gelişen fibrozisin patogenezinde yer alan epitelyal mezenşimal transformasyonun köpek ve kediler için de geçerli olduğu immunohistokimyasal bulgularla belirlendi. Bu bağlamda, kediler ve özellikle köpeklerde yapılacak kapsamlı araştırmaların ve antifibrotik tedavi denemelerinin insanlar için de model oluşturacağı kanısına varıldı.In this thesis study, it was aimed to investigate the pathology of dog and cat kidneys which were obtained from animals with naturally occuring kidney disease or suspected of having a kidney disease (pathology) pathomorphologically; and the pathogenesis of connective tissue increase (fibrosis) in chronic cases comparatively with immunohistochemical methods. For this purpose, a total of 125 animals kidney (46 cats and 89 dogs) which submitted for necropsy examination to Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology with history or clinical data about a sickness that could affect the urinary system were examined. After the macroscopic examination, the tissue samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections taken at 4-μm thickness with microtome were stained with Harris's hematoxylin-eozin (HE) method following routine deparaffinization and rehydration procedures and evaluated with light microscopy. Masson's trichrome and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining methods were applied to the required tissue sections. In the immunohistochemical study, the pathogenesis of fibrosis developing in chronic cases (12 dogs and 7 cats) was investigated. In this regard, based on recent studies, whether the tubule epithelium has lost epithelial cell properties and gained mesenchymal cell properties with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated with TGF-β1, cytokeratin, E cadherin, S100A4, α-SMA, vimentin and nestin primer antibodies by Avidin-Biotin Complex Peroxidase (ABC-P) method. Heating or trypsin as antigen retriever; 3'3-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) as chromagen were used. Egg whites and powdered milk were used for blocking of endogenous biotin. In the pathomorphological examination, nephritis (33,3%), nephrosis (48,9 %), infarction (4,4%), hydronephrosis (2,2%) and neoplasia (11,1%) were identified in dogs. Nephritis (51,6%), nephrosis (35,5%) , infarction (3,2%) and neoplasia (9,7%) were detected in the cats. While nephrosis were common in dogs, nephritis were more intense in cats. In all these animals, both kidneys were affected. Nephritis cases were classified (distributed) as acute (13,3%), subacute (6,7%), chronic (80%) in dogs and subacute (25%), chronic (75%) in cats. Nephrosis cases were observed as acute (9,1 %), subacute (27,3%) and chronic (63,6%) in dogs; acute (18,2%), subacute ( 63,6%) and chronic ( 18,2 %) in cats. Both glomerular and tubulointerstitial regions were effected in 29 of 37 degenerative and inflammatory cases in dogs and in 19 of 27 degenerative and inflammatory cases in cats. Crystal deposition in the tubular lumen accounts for 36,7% of degenerative kidney cases in dogs and 18,2 % in cats. 70,3 % of nephritis and nephrosis were chronic in dogs; and 51,9% in the cats. Immunohistochemical examination showed that, there was a decrease or loss in E cadherin and cytokeratin tubular expression in areas with interstitiel fibrosis. On the other hand, in the same areas, light expression of vimentin in a small number of tubule cells and strong α-SMA positive myofibroblast accumulation in peritubular and periglomerular fibrotic areas were present. This data support the hypothesis of tubuler epitelial cells has a role in renal fibrosis via EMT. In particular, the detection of TGF-β1 which accepted as an inducer of EMT, in tubule epithelia and inflammatory cells in regions of fibrosis was also considered as evidence supporting this view. In addition, the positivity of S100A4 in tubule cells in the same areas was first found in kidneys of cats and dogs in this study. This positivity of S100A4 in tubule cells which was previously detected in humans, rats and mice claimed to be as evidence for EMT. The cytokeratin - EMT relationship in the cats was also revealed by this study. In the study, no nestin positivity was present neither in the normal tubule epithelium nor damaged tubule epithelium in the dogs, whereas all of the parietal epithelia of the damaged glomeruli and the degenerated tubule epithelial cells were positive. It was also observed that normal glomerular podocytes were positive for nestin expression in dogs and cats, but that positivity disappeared with glomerular injury. In conclusion, in this research; intensity of nephrosis in dogs, and nephritis in cats attracted attention. When compared with preliminary surveys in the same area, these findings show a slight decrease in the proportion of nephritis in both species; a significant increase in the rate of nephrosis was seen. Detection of nephritis or nephrosis in pairs of kidneys suggests that nephritis may be caused by hematogenous infection and nephrosis may be caused by circulatory disorder or nephrotoxic systemic diseases. Both glomerular and tubulointerstitial regions were affected from most lesions of nephritis and nephrosis; this close relationship between the regions showed that a change in one could affect the other region. Excessive chronic inflammatory and degenerative conditions shows that kidney diseases are insufficiently diagnosed at an early stage; the source information reflecting the fact that there was a late recognition. Immunohistochemical findings indicate that the EMT involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis developing in chronic cases, is also valid for dogs and cats with some differences. In this context, it has been concluded that the extensive investigations and antifibrotic treatment trials of cats and especially dogs would be model study for people
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