38 research outputs found
Effects of a Bubble Economy on the Binding Force of Contracts: The 1990s Experience of Japan and Its Implications
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<Article>The Changing Process of the Bakufu-Shugo 幕府-守護 Regime : A case study of the Kuniyaku 国役 imposition in the first half of the century
No full text個人情報保護のため削除部分あり室町慕府ー守護体制の根幹としての意義を有する幕府の一国平均役の戦国期における実態については、戦国期を幕府－守護体制の全面的な崩壊期とする認識により、従来全く明らかにされる事がなかった。しかし、守護家の文書の散佚という史料的制約を考慮しつつ、改めてその事例を拾い出した結果、一六世紀前半における一国平均役が、一五世紀後半のそれと同様に守護に対する定額賦課としての「国役」の形態を有する事、また本来の地頭御家人役も同様に「国役」として賦課されている事、そしてこれらの賦課体制の地域的なひろがりが基本的に一五世紀後半のそれを継承するものであった事が明らかとなった。しかもそこにおける国役の賦課は、守護の領域支配の展開と密接な連関を有しつつ、守護の領域支配の原理を規定していたのであり、ここに幕府一守護体制の変質過程の最後の段階を見る事ができる。そして、一六世紀中葉以降、守護勢力の相次ぐ没洛と共に、幕府－守護体制は最終的な崩壊を迎えるのである。The Ikkokuheikinyaku 一国平均役 of the Muromachi-Bakufu 室町幕府 was the base of the Bakufu-Shugo regime, but its actual conditions in the Sengoku 戦国 period has never been studied hitherto, for, it has been regarded, in this period the Bakufu-Shugo regime had collapsed completely. The author newly has sampled the impositions, taking into consideration the lost part of the documents owned by the Shugo families. As the result, the following points are confirmed : the Ikkokuheikinyaku in the first half of the sixteenth-century, as in the second half of the fifteenth-century, took the form of "Kuniyaku", which meant a fixed amount imposition on the Shugos, and the former Jitogokeninyaku 地頭御家人役 was also imposed as "Kuniyaku". Moreover, generally speaking, the geographical extent of this imposition-system did not change between the second half of the fifteenth and the first half of the sixteenth century. These Kuniyaku impositions were closely bound up with the development of the territorial rules by the Shugos, and conditioned their ruling principles. From this point of view, this period was the last stage of the changing process of the Bakufu-Shugo regime. And since the mid- sixteenth century, this regime finally collapsed as the Shugos lost their powers one after another
Doctor - Patient Relationship in Psychiatric Medicine, Part 6 : An Introduction to the Contract Law of Psychiatric Medicine
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Doctor－Patient Relationship in Psychiatric Medicine, Part 7 : An Introduction to the Contract Law of Psychiatric Medicine
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Doctor - Patient Relationship in Psychiatric Medicine, Part 1 : An Introduction to the Contract Law of Psychiatric Medicine
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