1,720,964 research outputs found
Nutrient Requirement of Egg and Meat Type Duck
Get PDFDucks in Indonesia play roles in producing egg and meat. More than 19% of egg consumption were produced by ducks, however as meat source they only contributed 0.94% of total meat supply in Indonesia. Feed and feeding management are very important in duck farming as 70% of total production cost of egg and meat-type ducks accounted for feed cost. Unfortunately, nutrient requirements for the Indonesian ducks were limited. Therefore, overseas nutrient recommendation may be used. Water is the most important nutrient for poultry including duck, therefore quantity and quality of water are very important to be considered in feeding ducks. There are various local feeds available in Indonesia to be used as duck diets. Quality of feed is very important in duck farm as the ducks is very sensitive to aflatoxin poison. The maximum safe level of aflatoxin in the diet was to be less than 40 µg/kg. Key words. Duck, egg, meat, feed and nutrien
The Role of Duck as The National Producer of Egg and Meat
Get PDFDucks produce egg, meat and feather. Egg is the main product of ducks for Indonesian communities. Duck farming produced eggs approximately 180,000 ton or equal to 16% of national egg production in 2005. Ducks also contributed 38,700 tons of meat or 3% of national poultry meat production or equal to 2% of national meat production. Besides egg and meat, duck farming also produced 269.4 tons of feather valued at US $ 294,800. All of those duck commodities were produced by 35 million of hearded ducks. Hearded ducks productivity were approximately 100 – 150 eggs/hen/year which were considered to be much lower than confined ducks productivity which were recorded at average of 253 eggs/hen/year. There are known several local Indonesian ducks which showing highly variable egg productivities. Various technologies are potential to be implemented by duck farmers to improve their duck-egg production. The improvement can be achieved by implementing breeding and nutrition technologies such as replacing the old hens with selected local duck breeds, feeding appropriate diets and implementing good management practices in their farms. Key words: Duck, role, egg, meat, technolog
Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of eight weeks old male local ducks treated with santoquin and vitamin E supplement
Get PDFThe aim of this experiment was to investigate the effectiveness of santoquin (Sq) and vitamin E (VE) as feed additives to improve performance of male local ducks. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design. Two hundred and eighty male day old ducks (dod) of male Mojosari Alabio crosbred ducks were allocated to ten treatments with four replicates and seven ducks/replicate. The experimental diets were: Basal-diet (RO) without antioxidant (RB) (control); RB + 50 ppm santoquin (Sq) + 100 IU vitamin E (VE) (R1); RB + 50 ppm Sq + 200 IU VE (R2); RB + 50 ppm Sq + 300 IU VE (R3); RB + 100 ppm Sq + 100 IU VE (R4); RB + 100 ppm Sq + 200 IU VE (R5); RB + 100 ppm Sq + 300 IU VE (R6); RB + 150 ppm Sq + 100 IU VE (R7); RB + 150 ppm Sq + 200 IU VE (R8); RB + 150 ppm Sq + 300 IU VE (R9). The ducks were fed ad libitum for 8 weeks. Parameters observed were: feed consumption, live weight, body weight gain, feed conversion rate (FCR) and mortality. The results showed that Sq and VE supplementation did not significantly affect (P 0.05) the feed consumption, live weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate of the ducks. This experiment shows that santoquin and vitamin E supplementation did not affect the performance of male local MA ducks. Key Words: Feed Consumtion, Feed Conversion Ratio, Santoquin, Vitamin E, Local Duck
Effect of restrticted feeding on productivity of Mojosari x Alabio cross-bred layer ducks (MA): 1. First phase of laying 20-43 weeks old
Get PDFFeed cost is the major cost for duck-egg production which accounted to be more than 70% of total production cost. Feed efficiency of duck-egg production in Indonesia is low. The main reasons for the low feed efficiency (high feed conversion ratio, FCR) are (1) genetic trait (2) high feed wastage and (3) inadequate nutrient content of diet. An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of restricted feeding of pelleted diet on Mojosari x Alabio (MA) cross-bred duck performances from 20-43 weeks old. The experiment was designed in a Completely Randomized Design. 156 MA cross-bred ducks were devided into three groups and fed three experimental diets: (1) 70%, 85%. and ad libitum. All experimental diets were fed to ducks for 24 weeks and feed intake, egg production, egg weight, FCR, molting and egg quality: egg yolk weight, albumen wight, egg shell weight and egg yolk colour score were measured as parameters. The results showed that the restricted feeding of 70% and 85% significantly (P0.05) reduced egg production, egg weight and induced early molting but did not adversely affect duck livability and egg quality. MA croos-bred duck was more efficient by feeding ad libitum than the restricted feeding. FCR of duck fed 70% (6.38) was significantly (P0.05) worst compared to FCR of duck fed 85% (3.68) and ad libitum (2.88). Key words: Restricted feeding, MA crossbred duck, productivity and egg qualit
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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