1,720,960 research outputs found
Robbing Peter to Pay Paul: The Impact of California's Cap-and-Trade Program on Toxic Emissions
No full textWe empirically examine the consequences of the introduction of a cap-and-trade program in California, showing that although the program helped reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it had the unintended consequence of increasing toxic emissions from treated facilities, as facilities cut back on their waste-treatment efforts to reduce GHG emissions. We further show that this effect was weaker for more harmful toxins, for facilities that had invested in reducing toxic waste at source, and for those that were subject to close scrutiny from regulators, consistent with it being the result of strategic firm actions.
Follow the smoke: The pollution haven effect on global sourcing
No full textResearch abstract We examine whether and how foreign environmental standards influence global sourcing decisions. Taking a question-driven approach, we find a negative association between the stringency of a country's environmental standards and its share in US imports for 82 manufacturing industries across 77 countries between 2006 and 2016. This pollution haven effect holds not only for sourcing from owned foreign operations (offshore integration), but also for sourcing from unrelated third parties abroad (offshore outsourcing), and is stronger in industries with high toxic emissions and low technological intensity. These results are robust across alternative measures of environmental stringency and to using the Kyoto Agreement as an instrumental variable. These findings shed new light on how firms use global sourcing, and especially offshore outsourcing, to arbitrage across institutional environments. Managerial summary Prior work has shown that multinational firms prefer to locate their plants in countries with weak environmental standards: the so-called Pollution Haven Effect. We extend this research to show that firms not only source from countries with weak environmental standards from their own plants, but also from third-party foreign suppliers. Using Census data on US manufacturing imports from 77 countries between 2006 and 2016 we show that when the stringency of environmental standards in a country decreased, sourcing from that country increased, and that this effect was just as strong for sourcing from third parties as from owned operations. Our study thus suggests that previous work may have substantially underestimated the pollution haven effect, by focusing on owned global sourcing rather than all global sourcing.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Innovation, resources and corporate transactions: The dynamics of technology and corporate scope
No full textThis dissertation studies the dynamic relationship between corporate scope and firm resources. Specifically, it examines the role of technological innovation by the firm and its rivals in driving changes in corporate scope, as well as the subsequent effect on firm innovation of these corporate scope changes. Chapter 2 presents a theoretical model of the co-adaptation of firm resources and corporate scope, where the completion of successful innovation by the firm as well as innovation by firm\u27s rivals changes the opportunities available to the firm, prompting it to reallocate its scarce resources and thus alter both its corporate scope and its balance of exploration and exploitation. A number of propositions related to the effect of innovation on corporate scope and the moderating role of firm resources are developed. Chapter 3 proceeds to test some of these propositions by examining technological innovation as an antecedent of scope change in a sample of US manufacturing firms from 1982-2002, finding a positive relationship between innovation and the firm\u27s propensity to undertake both scope-increasing acquisitions and scope-decreasing divestments. Chapter 4 then completes the loop by studying post-divestment innovation. Focus-increasing divestments are found to be positively related to post-divestment innovation productivity and negatively related to post-divestment technological diversity, though these effects are moderated by complementary resources, market opportunity and appropriability regimes. Overall, the dissertation provides a rich theoretical description of the co-evolution of corporate scope and firm resources, one that accounts for both the endogeneity of firm investment decisions and the effect of various moderators. It thus contributes to the literature on firm evolution by bringing together insights from competitive and corporate strategy. In addition, it provides large-sample quantitative evidence for the co-adaptation of technology and scope that has consequences for both the literature on divestments and the literature on technology and innovation
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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