1,720,974 research outputs found
Policy Learning and the Euro. The EU’s Responses to the Sovereign Debt Crisis
No full textThis book analyzes the EU’s responses to the sovereign debt crisis that hit the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 2010. After reviewing the events that led to the crisis, it examines two case studies. The first assesses the short-term policy changes by drawing on a new mechanism, contingent learning. The second case study revolves around the long-term EMU reforms passed during the period 2010-2013. More specifically, it assesses these responses in relation to the institutional scientific publications of the European Central Bank and the DG ECFIN of the Commission. By analyzing both the short and long-term responses to the sovereign debt crisis, the book elucidates how policy learning can be an effective engine for deeper European integration. It will be of interest to scholars and students of EU integration, the EMU, policy learning, and supranational bureaucracies
Cybersecurity Policy in the European Union. Comparing the Design of Cybersecurity Agencies in Italy and Germany with the Institutional Grammar
No full textThe article aims at contributing to advance the study of cybersecurity policies by investigating one of the primary and most consequential processes in the cybersecurity policy field, i.e. the establishment of national cybersecurity agencies. Particularly, an empirical comparative analysis on two cases, i.e. the German and the Italian national agencies for cybersecurity, is carried out by deploying Ostrom’s rule typologies categorization on the legal texts that establish and discipline the two agencies. The evidence arising from the analysis is functional to the evaluation of and the comparison between the institutional design of the two cybersecurity agencies, and, more broadly, to the elaboration of considerations concerning general trends brought about by digitalization in the public sector
Don’t think it’s a good idea! Four building sites of the ‘ideas school’
Full text linkIdeational explanations of policy change are popular in the fields of political economy, comparative politics and policy analysis. And yet, to make the case for ideational explanations, we must make further progress on the nature of ideas, where they come from, what they consist of, and how they change over time. We highlight four critical building sites concerning the definitional aspects of ideational explanations, micro-foundations, mechanisms and the difference between ideational and cognitive analysis. We make recommendations on how to carry out work in the building sites and describe the range of suggestions and ways forward found in the articles of this Symposium. We also suggest cross-fertilising political science with the findings of neighbouring disciplines that have developed empirically robust models of ideation and cognition
Giving Sisyphus a helping hand : pathways for sustainable RIA systems in developing countries
Full text linkThis is the final version of the report. Available from the World Bank via the link in this record.This paper is a product of the Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice and the Governance Global Practice.
It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development
policy discussions around the world.Regulatory impact assessment is a tool used by governments to support evidence-based and coordinated policy making. This paper contributes to the debate on regulatory impact assessment in developing countries by addressing the lack of a systematic account of reforms, and the lack of a comprehensive explanatory account of reform outcomes. The study first maps developing countries’ regulatory impact assessment reforms between 2001 and 2016. In total, 60 reforms are identified. Reform design is analyzed by measuring adherence to six internationally recognized “good practices.” The study then assesses whether the reforms—two years or more after they were launched—led to functioning regulatory impact assessment systems. Of the 60 reforms, 20 led to functional systems within two years of the conclusion of the reform. Three reforms were too recent to be assessed. The study shows that adherence to good practices is a necessary but not sufficient condition for early success. Among the six good practices, two are shown to be particularly decisive for the success of regulatory impact assessment reforms, namely, formal integration of regulatory impact assessment in policy making and the presence of a regulatory oversight unit. The second part of the study analyzes regulatory impact assessment reforms that did not produce early success despite adhering to good practices. The study tests several hypothetical reasons for slow developments. It points to the importance of donor flexibility and patience and the need for building reform constituencies inside and outside government. The traditional orthodoxy of regulatory impact assessment reforms as an extension of red tape reduction is challenged. The paper finally presents several possible policy implications of the findings.This project has been carried out under the World Bank's Good Regulatory Practice (GRP) program funded
by USAID and DFID
Measuring design diversity: A new application of Ostrom's rule types
Full text linkWe draw on the Institutional Grammar Tool's rule types to empiricallyanalyze the design of four major procedural regulatoryinstruments in the 27 member states of the European Union andthe UK. They are: consultation, regulatory impact assessment,freedom of information, and the Ombudsman. By adopting theInstitutional Grammar Tool as conceptual lens we end up witha single measurement template applicable to a variety of actionsituations. We derive measures that are conceptually robust andsuitable for comparative analysis. With original data gathered onthe official legal base in the 28 cases, we carry out principal componentsanalysis. We identify design patterns across countriesand instruments; the specialization of each instrument in termsof rule type; and the components that best explain cross-countryvariation. In the conclusions we argue that to reframe the designfeatures of the four instruments in conceptual, theoreticalcategories is not simply a taxonomical exercise but it extends tothe territory of comparative policy analysis, practice and reform
Milano-Cortina Winter Olympic Games 2026 : exploiting the NPF approach to enhance its organization.
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALELe Olimpiadi sono ampiamente considerate come uno degli eventi più significativi del mondo per la loro popolarità e versatilità. Le Olimpiadi generano diversi effetti di breve e lungo periodo sulle condizioni economiche, sociali, ambientali e politiche delle comunità ospitanti. Considerando l'importanza di questi eventi e il fatto che le imminenti Olimpiadi invernali del 2026 si terranno nelle città italiane di Milano e Cortina d'Ampezzo, questa tesi fornisce ai lettori alcuni utili spunti di riflessione su come ottimizzare gli impatti dell’evento sulla comunità ospitante. Queste riflessioni potranno essere anche utilizzate per migliorare la futura organizzazione delle Olimpiadi. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, in primo luogo, la tesi esamina gli studi esistenti sugli impatti delle precedenti Olimpiadi su città e sui paesi ospitanti. I principali impatti individuati nella letteratura vengono poi classificati quattro gruppi: impatti socioeconomici, socioculturali, fisici e politici. Poiché molti impatti negativi non sono solitamente discussi nelle narrazioni delle autorità prima degli eventi, nella fase successiva la tesi adotta un approccio proattivo. Utilizzando il Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) e i suoi elementi principali - tra cui ambientazione, personaggi, trama e morale - la tesi analizza le narrazioni contrapposte dei sostenitori e degli oppositori delle Olimpiadi invernali del 2026. L’utilizzo dell’NPF permette di articolare in maniera sistematica i potenziali impatti dell’evento dal punto di vista di ciascuna parte. Gli effetti positivi più probabili e fondamentali menzionati nelle narrazioni dei proponenti sono stati il miglioramento del turismo, l’incremento degli investimenti e dell’offerta di lavoro per gli abitanti della regione – nonché l’incoraggiamento implicito a fare sport e a seguire uno stile di vita più sano. D'altra parte, gli impatti negativi più importanti e prevedibili nella narrazione degli oppositori includono danni irreparabili al prezioso ambiente montano, nonché l'abuso di fondi pubblici locali. Questo studio rappresenta uno un utile strumento per assistere le parti interessate nell'organizzazione della prossima Olimpiade invernale in modo tale da ridurre al minimo gli impatti negativi, fornendo al contempo soluzioni per massimizzare gli impatti positivi collettivi.The Olympics are widely regarded as one of the world's most significant festivals because of their popularity and versatility. They have several short-term and long-term effects on the economic, social, environmental, and political conditions of the participating societies, and especially on the host community. Considering the importance of these events and the fact that the upcoming 2026 winter Olympics will be held in the Italian cities of Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo, I wrote this dissertation to provide readers with some useful insight into how to make this glorious festival an enjoyable experience for the host society in a way that can also be used to improve future Olympics organization. To achieve this goal, I firstly reviewed former studies regarding the impacts of the previous Olympics on the host cities and countries to have open eyes for the organization of the following Olympics. Then, I categorized the results into four general groups including socio-economic, socio-cultural, physical, and political impacts. Since many predictable negative impacts are not usually mentioned in the authorities’ narrations prior to the events, I, in next step, adopted a proactive approach using the narrative policy framework and its main elements including setting, character, plot and moral. After studying contradictory narratives of the proponents and opponents of the 2026 winter Olympics, we extracted the potential key implications of this event from the perspective of each party. The most probable and pivotal positive effects mentioned in the narrations of the proponents were improvement of tourism, provision of capital and job for the people of the region, and encouragement of people to do sports and follow a healthier lifestyle. On the other hand, the most important and expectable negative impacts in the narration of the opponents include irreparable damages to the precious mountainous environment as well as the abuse of public budget of locals of the mountains. This proposed study is a comprehensive tool to assist the relevant stakeholders in the organization of the upcoming winter Olympic in such a way that the pertinent negative impact is minimized while providing the best and optimum platforms to maximize the positive outcome
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Crisis, learning and policy change in the European Union
Full text linkWhat is the causal relationship between crisis, learning and change? How did causality unfold in the key years of 2009–2010 when the European Union had to face the most formidable attacks to the single currency and responded with substantial reforms of the euro area? We question the conventional identification of the cause-and-effect relationship provided by theories of crisis management, integration and policy learning. Drawing on models of contingent learning developed within psychology and behavioural economics, we theorize that surprise produces behavioural change via a fast-paced associative mechanism and that policy learning follows change. We then run our exercise in causal identification through a plausibility probe. We show that our argument passes the plausibility probe. Our conclusions on cognition and situational effects on learning during crises suggest a new research agenda, more sensitive to how individuals behave in the real world and more robust in its micro-foundations
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