1,721,111 research outputs found
(3(4):29-40)A Preliminary Report on the Control of Stem-Miner of Legumes (Agromyza Phaseoli Copuillett)
No full text1. Agromyza phaseoli Coq., the stem-miner of Legumes, is a new pest of Legumes found in Taiwan since 1949. It causes great damage to Kideny bean (Phaseolus Vuigaris L.) and Asparagus bean (Vigna sinensis Savi. et Hasskari). Soy bean (Glycine max(L.)Merr.) and Green bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) var. typicus Ⅰ-rain) are to be infested also. The cultivation of the former two beans will meet a constant failure between December and February in South Taiwan.
2. Agromyza phaseoli Goq. is a minute fly, metallic black in color. Adult 2-2.2mm in length, with 4-4.2mm wing extension, larvae 2.8-3.0mm long. The fly lays its eggs under the epidermis of succalent stem arid enter into its host tissue after hatching, then living within till emerge-ice. In this way k causes the plant dead.
3. The first control experiment was carried on in the January of 1950, with r6.5% BHC wettable powder, 50% DDT wettable powder and nicotine sulfafe. r6.5% BHC, 1-500 water suspansion plus 1-2000 neutral soap gave complete control at 3, 5, or 7 days intervals of application; nicotine sulfate 1-500 water solution gave complete control at 3 or 5 days intervals of application; 50% DDT 1-400 water suspension plus 1-2000 neutral soap showed good result only when sprayed at 3 days interval. All the plants were dead in check plots 30 days after germination.
4. The second control experiment was held in January 1951 with emulsified DDT and BHC. 25% DDT emulsion 1-250 and 1-500, and 10% BHC emulsion 1-800 and 1-1500, both gave excellent control when sprayed week1y or biweekly. Yields increased in the DDT treated plots.
5. The flis occur abundently in December and January in south Taiwan. From March on it decreases gradually and almost disappears from June to October. According to my primary observation, high temperature and abundant rainfall limited its occurrence
(4(1):90-104)Control of Stem-Miner of Legumes
No full text1．本試驗在求以最有效之藥劑（DDT乳劑及BHC乳劑）作最經濟的施藥時期測定。
2．豆潛蠅爲害之嚴重期在生育初期，以1-1,000倍之25% DDT乳劑撒布，自敏豆幼苗出土後七日間始，每10日施藥一次，連續三次可得完全之防治；且促進生育增加產量。如爲害未甚猖獗時，只噴二次，效果亦優。BHC乳劑效果較遜。
3．因欲明療栽培環境之不同對豆潛蠅之發生爲害情況，自民國40年5月至民國41年4月，每月播種敏豆、豇豆、鵲豆、綠豆、黃豆等五種豆類二次，按月調查之，結果12月至1月間發生最多，3月後漸漸減少，7月發生最少，8月後又漸次增多，其發生消長曲線之舉與氣象相反；即高溫多雨之氣候確有抑制豆潛蠅之發生。但若周年不斷的有充分之食草（宿主），能使豆潛蠅繼續的發生。五種豆類中敏豆被害最嚴重，依次爲鵲豆、豇豆、綠豆、黃豆等。
4．本省各地之主要豆科蔬菜產區之豆潛繩發生爲害情況亦曾加以調查，全省之發生可分南、中、北部三段。南部發生最嚴重，其次爲北部，中部最輕。各地方之發生時間，南部在12月下旬至2月上旬最多，中部爲2月中旬至3月上旬，北部在4月中旬至5月上旬，宜蘭縣未見有發生。春期之發生較秋期爲重。又各地之發生最多期，均爲豆科蔬菜之栽培適期，故影響豆類蔬菜之增產極大，而各地之菜農罕今大部尚未認識該蟲之之災害，更不知其防治法。
1. The present paper deals with the practical and economic application of DDT and BHC emulsions in controlling stem-miner of Legumes.
2. Serious infestation occurred in the early stage of growing period. Treatment with 25%DDT emulsion in the concentration of 1:1000 gave effective control. This should be done by spraying 2-3 times at 10 days interval beginning from 7 days after germination, BHC emulsion is inferior to DDT emulsion.
3. As a results of monthly observation among five species of Legumes, including Kideny bean (Phaesolus vulgaris L.), Asparagus bean (Vignasinensis Savi et Hasskarl) Hyacinth bean (Dolichus Lablab L.), Green bean (Phaesolus radiatus L..) var. typicus Prain),Soy bean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.), which were planted monthly, high temperature and abundent rainfall limited its occurrence. It is evident that if there are available host plants, the flies occurred continuously all the year round.
4. A complete survey on some main Legumious vegetables areas of this island was carried out in 1952. The island may be divided into three cultivated areas viz. South, central and north parts according to the occurrence of the fly. South part is the most serious district and north part the secondary. Central part is comparatively slight.
5. As Legumious vegetables are raised in Spring and Fall, this pest causes great reduction in yield, though not accurately estimated. Growers are mostly ignorant not only of the control measures but also of the pest itself
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
(6(3):1-10)THE OCCURRENCE OF BANANA MEALYBUG IN SOUTH TAIWAN AND ITS CONTROL TESTS
No full text香蕉粉介殼蟲(Pseudococcus Sp.)為近年本省南部之重要害蟲，在光復前本省經濟昆蟲文獻中及有關青果之文獻中均無此蟲為害香蕉之記載。民國四十二年春季在高雄作港口檢驗時發現香蕉果實上附有此蟲，同時在高雄縣旗山鎮之蕉園發現有此蟲為害，當時檢驗局高雄分局對此蟲甚注意，凡有粉介殼蟲之香蕉在產地檢驗時均被剔除，禁止出口，以免到達日本港口被檢驗發覺時不准進口，自是此蟲影響香蕉之出口至鉅。政府為挽救蕉農損失，改進香蕉品質，遂令鳳山熱帶園藝試驗分所研究此蟲之有效防治方法，筆者受命即從藥劑防治方法著手研究共有效防治方法，同時調查共發生地區與分佈情形，經年餘來之調查與研究，已獲得相當結果，證明噴用50%的馬拉松(Mal-athion)乳劑加水500倍作成稀釋液其防治效果甚佳，如加用22%的阿特靈(Aldrin)200倍液同時防蟻效果更佳。茲謹將研究經過與調查情形報告於後，尚祈農界先進多所指正。
1. According to the survey made in 1954, banana plants were infested more severely in Pingtung with an average infestation of 32.87% than Kaohsiung where the infestation was 15.63% in average.
2. The banana mealybugs are spread outward from the center of infestation. Plants are heavily infested within 10 meters circumference, the population decreases gradually from 10 to 20 meters, and no mealybugs are found beyond 20 meters.
3. Bananas that were planted in the vicinity of houses or bamboo bushes, or interplanted with other fruit trees, e. g. citrus, longan or others, were usually infested badly.
4. The distribution of this mealybug on an individual plant was also observed. The percentage of infestation on pseudostem was 85.31, on fruit, 14.69.
5. Banana mealybugs were usually found in the underside of the half-withered sheath, and took cover under or between the fingers.
6. The occurrence of banana mealybug is inversely proportional to the rainfall. Since bananase are harvested in dry spring in South Taiwan, the infestation of mealybug on banana fruits greatly infiunced the quality as well as the exportation of this fruit.
7. Summer oil emulsion, Folidol, and Malathion are all effective in killing this mealybug; however, oil emulsion delays the proper ripening of the fruits. Folidol is too poisonous to use. So we recommend Malathion as the best insecticide in control banana mealybugs.
8. 400 times dilution of 50% Malathion was found to be effective, giving a mortality of 94.58%.
9. It is recommended to spray the bananas in a monthly interval. 3-4 applications are good enough.
10. 500 times dilution of 50% Malathion emulsion also gives good control. It can also be used with 200 times dilution 22% Aldrin with the advantage of prolonging the effectiveness.
11. Often times, the insecticides can’t reach those mealybugs which were covered within the withered flowers at the tips of the fingers. It is advised to control the mealybugs before the stalk being sent out.
12. Aldrin shows slight injury to those young fruits which are classified as first and second grade ripening
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