69 research outputs found
Revisión del nexo entre apertura comercial, inversión interna y crecimiento económico: implicaciones políticas contemporáneas para la región MENA
No full textThis study researches the impact of trade openness on the economic performances of selected Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, while incorporating elements of domestic investments into the empirical analysis in the wake of the recent trends of trade liberalization among nations. The study is based on an empirical analysis of panel data observations from the selected countries within the framework of the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) regression techniques. The empirical results affirm the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. However, while domestic investment and the size of the labor force significantly impact economic growth in a positive direction among these countries, trade openness was found to be negatively impacting economic growth for the period of the study. It is therefore recommended that cogent effort should be directed towards investments that are crucial for the improvement of labor productivity and the production value chains in the domestic economies to dissuade or minimize the rate of export of raw primary commodities. Also, adequate steps should be taken to improve the overall business environment, remove trade impediments, and strengthen institutions among the countries in the region to harness the benefits of trade in our increasingly globalized world.Este estudio investiga el impacto de la apertura comercial en el desempeño económico de países seleccionados de Oriente Medio y África del Norte (MENA, por sus siglas en inglés), al tiempo que incorpora elementos de la inversión nacional en el análisis empírico a raíz de las recientes tendencias hacia la liberalización del comercio entre las naciones. El estudio se basa en un análisis empírico de datos de panel de los países seleccionados mediante las técnicas de regresión del Mínimo Cuadrado Completamente Modificado (FMOLS, por sus siglas en inglés) y el Mínimo Cuadrado Dinámico Ordinario (DOLS, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados empíricos afirman la existencia de una relación de largo plazo entre las variables. Sin embargo, si bien la inversión nacional y el tamaño de la fuerza laboral tienen un impacto positivo significativo en el crecimiento económico de estos países, se encontró que la apertura comercial tuvo un impacto negativo en el crecimiento durante el período de estudio. Por lo tanto, se recomienda que se dirijan esfuerzos contundentes hacia inversiones cruciales para mejorar la productividad laboral y las cadenas de valor de producción en las economías nacionales para disuadir o minimizar la tasa de exportación de materias primas primarias. Además, se deben tomar las medidas adecuadas para mejorar el entorno empresarial en general, eliminar los obstáculos comerciales y fortalecer las instituciones de los países de la región para aprovechar los beneficios del comercio en nuestro mundo cada vez más globalizado
Examining the dynamics of ecological footprint in China with spectral Granger causality and quantile-on-quantile approaches
No full textWith 2.5 global hectares (gha) per capita against 2.7 gha per capita, China’s ecological footprint is desirably below the world’s average ecological footprint per capita. Undesirably, the country’s per person ecological footprint outweighs the world’s average biocapacity per person of 1.7 gha, thus signifying an enormous pressure on the country’s ecological capacity. This reason accounts for the motivation to explore the dynamics of ecological footprint for China over the period 1971–2016 by employing a series of empirical techniques that include quantile-on-quantile regression (QQR), spectral Granger causality (SGC), and quantile regression. Indicatively, the empirical findings are in folds. First, from the QQR, economic growth exerts a positive effect on (i) ecological footprint especially in the middle quantile (0.4–0.7) and (ii) all quantiles (0.01–0.95) of economic growth. Second, both fossil fuel and primary energy utilization exert a positive impact on (i) all quantiles (0.01–0.95) of ecological footprint and (ii) all quantiles (0.01–0.95) of the two energy profiles. Third, it is surprising to see renewable energy utilization exerting a positive effect on ecological footprint at the lower tail (0.1–0.40) and on renewable energy use at the higher tail (0.70–0.95). Additionally, the SGC result revealed Granger causality from primary energy use and economic growth to the ecological footprint in the long-run without reverse. Additionally, without reverse, there is a Granger causality from renewable energy use to the ecological footprint in the short-, medium-, and long-term. Importantly, the overall policy implication suggests a more drastic decoupling of the country’s growth from the supply side (ecological pressure and environmental deprivation).© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed
THE EFFECT OF TIME INFLUENCE ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOLLOWING KETAMINE AND DIAZEPAM ADMINISTERATION IN CATS
No full textObjective: The present study aims to determine the effect of time influence on rectal temperature, respiratory and pulse rate, onset and duration of action, duration of recumbency and recovery following ketamine and diazepam administration in cats.Methods: Experimental study design was used on 20 cats (males and females) randomly divided into two equal groups (A and B). Ketamine (10 mg/kg i. m.) was administered to group A in the morning. The same procedure was repeated using different dosages (15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg i.m.) at intervals of 3 days each. A similar procedure was applied to group B in the evening. A week after, diazepam (1.5 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg and 3.5 mg/kg i. v.) were administered to group A and B using the same procedure used in ketamine administration. All baseline measurements were recorded after each drug administration and were repeated at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 min intervals after induction of anesthesia with ketamine and diazepam.Results: It was found that the onset of action of ketamine following i. m. administration was slightly longer at evening (2-5 mins) while that of diazepam was instant after i. v. administration. The duration of recumbency was shorter in the morning using ketamine while longer following diazepam (7-19 mins) administration. The rectal temperature, respiratory and pulse rate were lower in the morning following ketamine and diazepam administration even though, the respiratory and pulse rate decreases as the dose was increased but not statistically significant. The duration of action and recovery was significantly longer in the morning after ketamine and diazepam administration.Conclusion: According to this study, there was not much difference between morning and evening administration using both drugs. However, it should be noted that influence of time of administration was evident in some of the parameters measured especially with diazepam.Â
Prioritising the experimental procedures for Mode I fracture toughness using fuzzy group Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Methods
No full textMode I fracture toughness is the most common amongst the three fracture modes because of its applications in rocks/materials engineering. There are different experimental methods that are available for its measurements and the selection of the available procedures to be used is usually a difficult task and highly multi criteria in nature. Therefore, this study proposed novel applications of two fuzzy-based multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods for prioritising the experimental procedures. Thirteen different experimental methods were identified and evaluated under three different criteria by the experts. The weights were computed using both expert-assigned weights to each criterion and the fuzzy intuitionistic entropy measure obtained weights. This study reveals that ISRM-suggested cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc method is the most preferred follow by the semi-circular bend specimen and Brazilian disc method. The Pearson’s correlation between the models is very strong (˃ 0.9), indicating that either of the two proposed approaches is suitable for this purpose. The sensitivity analysis was conducted by generating twenty-one sets of weights and the outcome ranked ISRM-suggested cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc, the most suitable follow by semi-circular bend specimen and Brazilian disc methods. The correlations amongst the MCDM methods for the sensitivity analysis are also very strong as previously observed. This study shows that the proposed models are suitable in prioritising the most appropriate experimental procedures for mode I fracture toughness. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2024
NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT OF SWEET POTATO (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i> L.) BY SOLID SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION USING FOUR FUNGAL SPECIES
No full textSweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) tubers and flour were fermented using pure strains of four fungal species: Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Neurospora sitophila and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using solid substrate fermentation at 300C for 72 hrs. The protein content of the samples increased significantly (p£0.05) from 2.34±0.07% in the unfermented tuber to values ranging from 11.46±0.01 and 12.62±0.09% in the fermented tuber and 6.26±0.05% in the unfermented flour to values ranging from 7.83±0.06 and 9.70± 0.02 in the fermented flour. Fat content was also increased in the fermented tubers. However, fermentation decreased the fat content of the flour except in Aspergillus niger- fermented flour. Fermentation increased the ash content of the samples (except in Saccharomyces cerevisiae- fermented tuber, Rhizopus stolonifer-fermented flour and -fermented flour). The crude fibre, carbohydrate, sugars (reducing, non-reducing and total) and starch contents of both flours and tubers reduced after fermentation. Mineral elements such as Mg (except in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented tuber and Aspergillus niger fermented tuber), Ca (except in Aspergillus niger - fermented tuber), P (except in Rhizopus stolonifer fermented flour), and K (except in Aspergillus niger fermented flour) and decreased significantly; while Zn (except Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented tuber and flour and Aspergillus niger fermented flour), Fe (except in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferment tuber and flour and Rhizopus stolonifer fermented tuber) and Na (except in Rhizopies stolonifer fermented tuber) contents increased. Overall, Aspergillus niger appeared to be the most nutritionally-enriching compared to other fungi, while the sweet potato tuber proved to be a better fermentable substrate than the flour.
KEY WORDS: Fungi, Nutrient enrichment; Solid substrate fermentation; Sweet potato.
Global Jnl Pure & Applied Sciences Vol.10(1) 2004: 31-3
Are Malaria Treatment Expenditures Catastrophic to Different Socio-Economic and Geographic Groups and How Do They Pay in Southeast Nigeria?
No full textApplication of geomechanical properties and energy parameters of rocks in sustainable mining and mineral processing
No full textAbstract
Geomechanical properties comprise geological and mechanical parameters that influence rock response to stress and energy transformation at varying rates. In the fields of rock mechanics, geotechnical and civil engineering, geomechanical properties of rocks are useful in design, implementation, and evaluation of sustainable engineering infrastructures. Geomechanical properties also influence the breakage characteristics of rocks at varying stress and energy rates, with potential applications in mineral processing (impact comminution). However, applications of geomechanical properties in improving sustainability of engineering infrastructures and mineral liberation during impact comminution has not been fully explored. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate relations between geomechanical properties, energy transformation, fragmentation characteristics and possible applications of forementioned relations in sustainable mining and mineral processing. To achieve this, experimentation and artificial intelligence were applied in predicting forementioned relations at varying rates. Based on study findings, empirical models, and guidance charts for estimating geomechanical properties, energy transformation and breakage characteristics of rocks were proposed. Findings from this study are useful in improving sustainability of mining and mineral processing applications which are dependent on geomechanical properties of rocks. Original papers Ozoji, T., Zhang, Z.-X., Adeyemi, A., Qiao, Y., & Chi, L.-Y. (2023). Effect of characteristic impedance in estimating specific energy and average fragment size at high strain rates of some peridotitic rock materials at laboratory scale. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 56(8), 5693–5704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03359-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03359-3 Self-archived version Ozoji, T. M., Zhang, Z.-X., Aladejare, A. E., Chi, L.-Y., & Adegbe, C. (2024). Experimental investigation on the role of characteristic impedance in reducing ore-loss and energy wastage during impact comminution. Manuscript in preparation. Ozoji, T. M., Zhang, Z.-X., Aladejare, A. E., Serasinghe, B. K., Bakkamuntala, N., Obaje, N. G., & Umar, M. U. (2024). Laboratory investigation on relations between characteristic impedance, energy transformation and dynamic stress induced faults in rocks. 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, ARMA-2024-0825. https://doi.org/10.56952/ARMA-2024-0825 https://doi.org/10.56952/ARMA-2024-0825 Ozoji, T. M., Zhang, Z.-X., Aladejare, A. E., Zhang, N., Paasovaara, N., & Arrieta, M. R. (2024). Effect of strain rate on specific fracture energy and micro-fracture surface properties of rock specimen under dynamic uniaxial compression. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 295, 109763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2023.109763 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2023.109763 Self-archived version Ozoji, T. M., Zhang, Z.-X., Aladejare, A. E., Zhou, S., Liu, H. (2024). Guidance charts and empirical models for indirect estimation of dissipated energy from laboratory scale rock breakage under dynamic uniaxial compression. Manuscript in preparation. Ozoji, T. M., Zhang, Z. X., Aladejare, A. E., Zhang, N., & Guan, X. (2023). An investigation on relations between dissipated energy and dynamic compressive strength of Kemi-peridotite at high strain rates. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1124(1), 012078. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012078 https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012078 Aladejare, A. E., Alofe, E. D., Onifade, M., Lawal, A. I., Ozoji, T. M., & Zhang, Z.-X. (2021). Empirical estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of rock: Database of simple, multiple, and artificial intelligence-based regressions. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 39(6), 4427–4455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01772-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01772-5 Self-archived version Aladejare, A. E., Malachi Ozoji, T., Adebayo Idris, M., Lawal, A. I., & Onifade, M. (2022). Empirical estimation of rock mass deformation modulus of rocks: Comparison of intact rock properties and rock mass classifications as inputs. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15(11), 1033. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10190-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10190-7 Self-archived version Aladejare, A. E., Ozoji, T., Lawal, A. I., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Soft computing-based models for predicting the characteristic impedance of igneous rock from their physico-mechanical properties. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 55(7), 4291–4304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-02836-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-02836-5 Self-archived version Aladejare, A. E., Idowu, K. A., & Ozoji, T. (2024). Reliability of Monte Carlo simulation approach for estimating uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock. Earth Science Informatics, 17(3), 2043–2053. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-024-01262-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-024-01262-1 Self-archived version Tiivistelmä
Geomekaaniset ominaisuudet koostuvat geologisista ja mekaanisista parametreista, jotka vaikuttavat kallion vasteeseen jännitykseen ja energian muuntumiseen vaihtelevilla nopeuksilla. Kalliomekaniikan, geotekniikan ja maa- ja vesirakentamisen aloilla kivien geomekaaniset ominaisuudet ovat hyödyllisiä kestävien teknisten infrastruktuurien suunnittelussa, toteutuksessa ja arvioinnissa. Geomekaaniset ominaisuudet vaikuttavat myös kivien rikkoutumisominaisuuksiin vaihtelevilla jännityksillä ja energianopeuksilla, ja niillä on potentiaalisia sovelluksia mineraalien käsittelyssä (iskujen hienonnus). Geomekaanisten ominaisuuksien sovelluksia teknisten infrastruktuurien kestävyyden parantamisessa ja mineraalien vapautumisessa iskun hienonnuksen aikana ei kuitenkaan ole täysin tutkittu. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on tutkia geomekaanisten ominaisuuksien, energian muuntumisen, pirstoutumisominaisuuksien ja edellä mainittujen suhteiden mahdollisia sovelluksia kestävässä kaivostoiminnassa ja mineraalien käsittelyssä. Tämän saavuttamiseksi kokeilua ja tekoälyä hyödynnettiin edellä mainittujen suhteiden ennustamisessa vaihtelevalla nopeudella. Tutkimustulosten perusteella ehdotettiin empiirisiä malleja ja ohjekaavioita kivien geomekaanisten ominaisuuksien, energian muuntumisen ja rikkoutumisominaisuuksien arvioimiseksi. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset ovat hyödyllisiä kivien geomekaanisista ominaisuuksista riippuvaisten kaivos- ja mineraalienkäsittelysovellusten kestävyyden parantamisessa. Osajulkaisut Ozoji, T., Zhang, Z.-X., Adeyemi, A., Qiao, Y., & Chi, L.-Y. (2023). Effect of characteristic impedance in estimating specific energy and average fragment size at high strain rates of some peridotitic rock materials at laboratory scale. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 56(8), 5693–5704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03359-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03359-3 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Ozoji, T. M., Zhang, Z.-X., Aladejare, A. E., Chi, L.-Y., & Adegbe, C. (2024). Experimental investigation on the role of characteristic impedance in reducing ore-loss and energy wastage during impact comminution. Manuscript in preparation. Ozoji, T. M., Zhang, Z.-X., Aladejare, A. E., Serasinghe, B. K., Bakkamuntala, N., Obaje, N. G., & Umar, M. U. (2024). Laboratory investigation on relations between characteristic impedance, energy transformation and dynamic stress induced faults in rocks. 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, ARMA-2024-0825. https://doi.org/10.56952/ARMA-2024-0825 https://doi.org/10.56952/ARMA-2024-0825 Ozoji, T. M., Zhang, Z.-X., Aladejare, A. E., Zhang, N., Paasovaara, N., & Arrieta, M. R. (2024). Effect of strain rate on specific fracture energy and micro-fracture surface properties of rock specimen under dynamic uniaxial compression. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 295, 109763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2023.109763 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2023.109763 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Ozoji, T. M., Zhang, Z.-X., Aladejare, A. E., Zhou, S., Liu, H. (2024). Guidance charts and empirical models for indirect estimation of dissipated energy from laboratory scale rock breakage under dynamic uniaxial compression. Manuscript in preparation. Ozoji, T. M., Zhang, Z. X., Aladejare, A. E., Zhang, N., & Guan, X. (2023). An investigation on relations between dissipated energy and dynamic compressive strength of Kemi-peridotite at high strain rates. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1124(1), 012078. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012078 https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012078 Aladejare, A. E., Alofe, E. D., Onifade, M., Lawal, A. I., Ozoji, T. M., & Zhang, Z.-X. (2021). Empirical estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of rock: Database of simple, multiple, and artificial intelligence-based regressions. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 39(6), 4427–4455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01772-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01772-5 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Aladejare, A. E., Malachi Ozoji, T., Adebayo Idris, M., Lawal, A. I., & Onifade, M. (2022). Empirical estimation of rock mass deformation modulus of rocks: Comparison of intact rock properties and rock mass classifications as inputs. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15(11), 1033. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10190-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10190-7 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Aladejare, A. E., Ozoji, T., Lawal, A. I., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Soft computing-based models for predicting the characteristic impedance of igneous rock from their physico-mechanical properties. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 55(7), 4291–4304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-02836-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-02836-5 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Aladejare, A. E., Idowu, K. A., & Ozoji, T. (2024). Reliability of Monte Carlo simulation approach for estimating uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock. Earth Science Informatics, 17(3), 2043–2053. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-024-01262-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-024-01262-1 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Technology and Natural Sciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in the OP-Pohjola auditorium (L6), Linnanmaa, on 24 September 2024, at 10 a.m.Abstract
Geomechanical properties comprise geological and mechanical parameters that influence rock response to stress and energy transformation at varying rates. In the fields of rock mechanics, geotechnical and civil engineering, geomechanical properties of rocks are useful in design, implementation, and evaluation of sustainable engineering infrastructures. Geomechanical properties also influence the breakage characteristics of rocks at varying stress and energy rates, with potential applications in mineral processing (impact comminution). However, applications of geomechanical properties in improving sustainability of engineering infrastructures and mineral liberation during impact comminution has not been fully explored. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate relations between geomechanical properties, energy transformation, fragmentation characteristics and possible applications of forementioned relations in sustainable mining and mineral processing. To achieve this, experimentation and artificial intelligence were applied in predicting forementioned relations at varying rates. Based on study findings, empirical models, and guidance charts for estimating geomechanical properties, energy transformation and breakage characteristics of rocks were proposed. Findings from this study are useful in improving sustainability of mining and mineral processing applications which are dependent on geomechanical properties of rocks.Tiivistelmä
Geomekaaniset ominaisuudet koostuvat geologisista ja mekaanisista parametreista, jotka vaikuttavat kallion vasteeseen jännitykseen ja energian muuntumiseen vaihtelevilla nopeuksilla. Kalliomekaniikan, geotekniikan ja maa- ja vesirakentamisen aloilla kivien geomekaaniset ominaisuudet ovat hyödyllisiä kestävien teknisten infrastruktuurien suunnittelussa, toteutuksessa ja arvioinnissa. Geomekaaniset ominaisuudet vaikuttavat myös kivien rikkoutumisominaisuuksiin vaihtelevilla jännityksillä ja energianopeuksilla, ja niillä on potentiaalisia sovelluksia mineraalien käsittelyssä (iskujen hienonnus). Geomekaanisten ominaisuuksien sovelluksia teknisten infrastruktuurien kestävyyden parantamisessa ja mineraalien vapautumisessa iskun hienonnuksen aikana ei kuitenkaan ole täysin tutkittu. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on tutkia geomekaanisten ominaisuuksien, energian muuntumisen, pirstoutumisominaisuuksien ja edellä mainittujen suhteiden mahdollisia sovelluksia kestävässä kaivostoiminnassa ja mineraalien käsittelyssä. Tämän saavuttamiseksi kokeilua ja tekoälyä hyödynnettiin edellä mainittujen suhteiden ennustamisessa vaihtelevalla nopeudella. Tutkimustulosten perusteella ehdotettiin empiirisiä malleja ja ohjekaavioita kivien geomekaanisten ominaisuuksien, energian muuntumisen ja rikkoutumisominaisuuksien arvioimiseksi. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset ovat hyödyllisiä kivien geomekaanisista ominaisuuksista riippuvaisten kaivos- ja mineraalienkäsittelysovellusten kestävyyden parantamisessa
Construct validity of the bidding game, binary with follow-up, and a novel structured haggling question format in determining willingness to pay for insecticide-treated mosquito nets.
No full textThis study examines whether making question formats better fit the cultural context of markets would improve the construct validity of estimates of willingness to pay (WTP). WTP for insecticide-treated mosquito nets was elicited using the bidding game, binary with follow-up (BWFU), and a novel structured haggling technique (SH) that mimicked price taking in market places in the study area. The results show that different question formats generated different distributions of WTP. Following a comparison of alternative models for each question format, construct validity was compared using the most consistently appropriate model across question formats for the positive WTP values, in this case, ordinary least squares. Three criteria (the number of statistically significant explanatory variables that had the anticipated sign, the value of the adjusted R(2), and the proportion that were statistically significant With the anticipated sign) used to assess the relative performance of each question format indicated that SH performed best and BWFU worst. However, differences in the levels of income, education, and percentage of household heads responding to the different question formats across the samples complicate this conclusion. Hence, the results suggest that the SH technique is worthy of further investigation and use
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