2,236 research outputs found
Bari, 9 settembre 1943. L'Affaire Bellomo.
No full textAfter the announcement of the armistice between Italy and the Allies the Royal Italian Army, forced to an unequal showdown with the German forces, was put in a dire situation. In spite of its inferiority, however, many Italian units bravely, and in many places successfully, resisted to the Wehrmacht’s assault founding one of the cornerstones of the later «Resistenza» movement. In this article the author, after a brief summary of the happenings which led to the armistice, focuses the attention on the fighting occurred in the city of Bari where an assaulting German elite unit was forced to surrender by an hete-rogeneous Italian force recollected and led by the general Nicola Bellomo. In the last part of the work the author deals with the faultiness of the memory about these events in the subsequent historiography and, in particular, he re-examines from an innovative point of view the events which led to the incri-mination and condemnation of the general Bellomo by a british Military Court at the end of the war
Impacts and State‐Dependence of AMOC Weakening in a Warming Climate
No full textAbstract All climate models project a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) strength in response to greenhouse gas forcing. However, the climate impacts of the AMOC decline alone cannot be isolated from other drivers of climate change using existing Coupled Model Intercomparison Project simulations. To address this issue, we conduct idealized experiments using the EC‐Earth3 climate model. We compare an abrupt 4×CO2 simulation with the same experiment, except we artificially fix the AMOC strength at preindustrial levels. With this design, we can formally attribute differences in climate change impacts between these two experiments to the AMOC decline. In addition, we quantify the state‐dependence of AMOC impacts by comparing the aforementioned experiments with a preindustrial simulation in which we artificially reduce the AMOC strength. Our findings demonstrate that AMOC decline impacts are state‐dependent, thus understanding AMOC impacts on future climate change requires targeted model experiments
Evidence for weakening of the Walker circulation from cloud observations
No full textClimate models simulate a weakening of the Walker circulation in response to increased greenhouse gases, but it has not been possible to detect this weakening with observations because there are not direct measurements of atmospheric circulation strength. Indirect measurements, such as equatorial gradients in sea level pressure (SLP), exhibit trends of inconsistent sign. In this study we estimate the change in midtropospheric velocity (ω500) from observed change in cloud cover, which we argue is more closely tied to the overturning circulation than indirect measurements of SLP at the surface. Our estimates suggest a weakening and eastward shift of the Walker circulation over the last century. Because changes in cloud cover in Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulations forced with increased sea surface temperature are remarkably similar in pattern, sign, and magnitude, we assert that the observed changes in cloud cover and the associated weakening of Walker circulation are at least in part externally forced
The key role of ozone-depleting substances in weakening the walker circulation in the second half of the twentieth century
No full textIt is widely appreciated that ozone-depleting substances (ODS), which have led to the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole, are also powerful greenhouse gases. In this study, we explore the consequence of the surface warming caused by ODSin the second half of the twentieth century over the Indo-Pacific Ocean, using the Whole Atmosphere Chemistry Climate Model (version 4). By contrasting two ensembles of chemistry- climate model integrations (with and without ODS forcing) over the period 1955-2005, we show that the additional greenhouse effect of ODS is crucial to producing a statistically significant weakening of the Walker circulation in our model over that period. When ODS concentrations are held fixed at 1955 levels, the forcing of the other well-mixed greenhouse gases alone leads to a strengthening-rather than weakening-of the Walker circulation because their warming effect is not sufficiently strong. Without increasing ODS, a surface warming delay in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean leads to an increase in the sea surface temperature gradient between the eastern and western Pacific, with an associated strengthening of the Walker circulation. When increasing ODS are added, the considerably larger total radiative forcing produces a much faster warming in the eastern Pacific, causing the sign of the trend to reverse and the Walker circulation to weaken. Our modeling result suggests that ODS may have been key players in the observed weakening of the Walker circulation over the second half of the twentieth century
Scuola e cultura (giuridica) del lavoro: due nuove iniziative parlamentari
No full textL’autore prende in esame la posizione e gli spazi sinora riconosciuti alla dimensione giuridica del lavoro nei programmi di insegnamento delle scuole secondarie ed evidenzia come possa essere ipotizzato un legame tra alcuni fenomeni di mancato o problematico inserimento dei giovani nel mondo del lavoro e la carenza di contenuti didattici più direttamente mirati alla trasmissione delle basi di diritto del lavoro. Illustra quindi il contenuto di alcune recenti proposte di legge che prevedono l’istituzione di insegnamenti specificamente dedicati al diritto ed alla sicurezza del lavoro.The author examines how labour law legislation is exposed and studied in high schools’ teaching programs and emphpasizes how the lack of knowledge of basic notions about the rules of labour relationships may deepen some critical aspects of young people’s access to labour market. In view of this evidences, the author proposes a critical exam of two recent law drafts devoted to the introduction of some specific courses of labour law and health and safety protection in workplaces
On the foundations of cancer modelling: selected topics, speculations, & perspectives
No full textThis paper presents a critical review of selected topics related to the modelling of cancer onset, evolution and growth, with the aim of illustrating, to a wide applied mathematical readership, some of the novel mathematical problems in the field. This review attempts to capture, from the appropriate literature, the main issues involved in the modelling of phenomena related to cancer dynamics at all scales which characterise this highly complex system: from the molecular scale up to that of tissue. The last part of the paper discusses the challenge of developing a mathematical biological theory of tumour onset and evolution
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