1,721,109 research outputs found
전기적으로 유도된 길항근 공동 수축을 통한 인체 발목 관절의 임피던스 제어
No full textNⅠ. Introduction
I.1. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) for paralyzed patients 1
I.2. Human joint impedance control with functional electrical stimulation 1
I.3. Joint control with antagonistic muscle co-contraction 2
I.4. Clinical-friendly functional electrical stimulation controller 3
I.5. Objectives of the thesis 3
II. Design of an impedance controller
II.1. Robust impedance control with time delay estimation (TDE) for human ankle joint 5
II.2. Antagonistic muscle co-contraction allocator (AMCA) 7
II.3. Implementation of controller 11
II.4. The validity of the stiffness-based time delay estimation 13
II.5. Alteration of the desired intrinsic stiffness 15
III. Experimental Evaluation
III.1. Environmental setup 17
III.2. Protocol 18
III.3. Control results: Step response 23
III.4. Control results: Disturbance response 27
IV. Effect of damping control: Compared with stiffness control
IV.1. The necessity of the damping during impedance control 31
IV.2. Experiment with various damping 32
V. Toward optimal co-contraction during impedance control
V.1. The trade-off between long-term usage and higher intrinsic stiffness level for better functional restoration 35
V.2. Experiment with changing the intrinsic stiffness level during control 35
VI. Effect of intrinsic stiffness on control performance
VI.1. Verification of the pure effect of the intrinsic stiffness modulation 37
VI.2. Experiment with common static control gain 37
VII. Discussions and conclusions
VII.1. Summary 39
VII.2. Effect of the antagonistic muscle co-contraction 39
VII.3. Limitations and suggestions for future works 40
Appendix
A1. Stability analysis of the impedance controller 42
A2. Effect of the open-loop pulsewidth calculation model 44
A3. Design of inverted pendulum apparatus 48
A4. Pre-experiment sessions 51
References 54DoctordCollectio
Extracellular Vesicle Uptake Assay via Confocal Microscope Imaging Analysis
No full textThere is a need for practical assays to visualize and quantify the cells' extracellular vesicle (EV) uptake. EV uptake plays a role in intercellular communication in various research fields; cancer biology, neuroscience, and drug delivery. Many EV uptake assays have been reported in the literature; however, there is a lack of practical, detailed experimental methodology. EV uptake can be assessed by fluorescently labeling EVs to detect their location within cells. Distinguishing between internalized EVs in cells and the superficial EVs on cells is difficult, yet critical, to accurately determine the EV uptake. Therefore, an assay that efficiently quantifies EV uptake through three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence confocal microscopy is proposed in this work. Fluorescently labeled EVs were prepared using a nano-filtration-based microfluidic device, visualized by 3D confocal microscopy, and then analyzed through advanced image-processing software. The protocol provides a robust methodology for analyzing EVs on a cellular level and a practical approach for efficient analysis
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are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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No full text© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.Biological membrane-enclosed organelles are fascinating examples of spatially confined nanoreactors for biocatalytic transformations such as cascade reactions involving multiple enzymes; however, the fabrication of their synthetic mimics remains a considerable challenge. Here we demonstrate supramolecular chemistry-based bridging of two membranes leading to controlled fusion of exosomes that act as nanoreactors for effective biocatalytic cascades, with prolonged functionality inside of living cells. Exosome membrane proteins were chemically engineered with a catechol moiety to drive fusion by supramolecular complexation to bridge the membranes. This strategy successfully encapsulated multiple enzymes and assembled the minimal electron transport chain in the plasma membrane, leading to tuneable, enhanced catalytic cascade activity capable of ATP synthesis inside of tissue spheroids. This nanoreactor was functional for many hours after uptake into living cells, showed successful penetration into tissue spheroids and repaired the damaged region by supplying ATP, all of which represent an advance in the mimicking of nature’s own organelles. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].11Nsciescopu
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Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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