1,720,987 research outputs found
Production Of Butanol And Other High Valued Chemicals Using Ethanol As Feedstock Integrated To A First And Second Generation Sugarcane Distillery
No full textProduction of chemicals and second generation ethanol from lignocellulosic material integrated to first generation sugarcane biorefineries presents potential for industrial implementation, since significant part of the infrastructure may be shared between both first and second generation plants. Additionally, chemicals from renewable resources have attracted increasing attention, mainly for their market prices (usually higher than commodities as biofuels) and potential for replacing oil-based products used as feedstock in the chemical industry. The production of chemicals through the alcoholchemistry route uses catalysts to convert ethanol into desired products according to catalysts activity and selectivity. One of the possibilities in the alcoholchemistry route is to use ethanol to produce n-butanol that can be sold as feedstock for the chemical industry and as drop-in biofuel for gasoline powered engines. Due to catalyst selectivity, this process generates also other chemicals, which can be purified to be sold as feedstock for the chemical industry. Previous studies have pointed out that the use of ethanol in a biorefinery to produce n-butanol presents good economic and environmental impacts. Nevertheless, results obtained for the economic return of the n-butanol biorefinery compared to autonomous ethanol plants were very similar, which can be unattractive for investors dealing with the high risks involved in a novel biorefinery process. In this work, the possibility of enhancing the financial and environmental impacts of n-butanol and other high value chemicals production integrated to a second generation sugarcane biorefinery is explored. Computer simulation is used to quantify the influence of technical parameters, including down-stream operations required to separate coproducts, adding value to the mix of products and commercial flexibility. Risk analysis is used to evaluate uncertain parameters such as the investments in n-butanol and second generation ethanol plants and the market prices assumed for the new products. Results obtained show that production of n-butanol and other high valued chemicals integrated to a first and second generation sugarcane biorefinery could be an economically and environmentally attractive alternative. However, the financial risk involved is high and hugely dependent on the selling prices of the new products of the portfolio investigated in this work, mainly n-butanol. Copyright © 2014,AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.37805810Biorefinery (VSB): 2011 Report. Campinas, São Paulo: Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Technological Assessment Program (PAT), Internal Report. <goo.gl/x1Ach. Accessed 12.12.2013Cardoso, T., Cavalett, O., Chagas, M.F., Morais, E.R., Carvalho, J.L.N., Franco, H.C.J., Galdos, M.V., Bonomi, A., Technical and economic assessment of trash recovery in the sugarcane bioenergy production system (2013) Scientia agricola, (70), pp. 353-360Carvalho, D.L., Avillez, R.R., De Rodrigues, M.T., Borges, L.E.P., Appel, L.G., Mg and al mixed oxides and the synthesis of n-butanol from ethanol (2012) Appl. Catal. A: Gen, 415-416, pp. 96-100(2013) Center for Advanced Studies on Applied Economics. <, , www.cepea.esalq.usp.br, CEPEA, Accessed 11.03.2013(2009) Center for Strategic Studies and Management in Science, Technology and Innovation, , CGEE Bioethanol fuel: an oportunity for Brazil (in Portuguese). CGEE, BrasíliaChistyakov, A.V., Murzin, V.Y., Gubanov, M.A., Tsodikov, M.V., Pd-zn containing catalysts for ethanol conversion towards hydrocarbons (2013) Chemical Engineering Transactions, (32), pp. 619-624. , DOI: 10.3303/CET1332104Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Cavalett, O., Cunha, M.P., Jesus, C.D.F., Rossell, C.E.V., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., Integrated versus stand-Alone second generation ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse and trash (2012) Bioresour. Technol, (103), pp. 152-161Dias, M.O.S., Pereira, L.G., Junqueira, T.L., Pavanello, L.G., Chagas, M.F., Cavalett, O., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., Butanol production in a sugarcane biorefinery using ethanol as feedstock -part i: Integration to a first generation sugarcane distillery (2013) Accepted for publication in the Journal of Chemical Engineering Research and Design -Special Issue: Green ProcessesDias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Cavalett, O., Cunha, M.P., Jesus, C.D.F., Mantelatto, P.E., Rossell, C.E.V., Bonomi, A., Cogeneration in integrated first and second generation ethanol from sugarcane (2013) Chem. Eng. Res. Des, , DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.05.009Downson, G.R.M., Haddow, M.F., Lee, J., Wingad, R.L., Wass, D.F., Catalytic conversion of ethanol into an advanced biofuel: Unprecedented selectivity for n-butanol (2013) Angew. Chem. Int, (52), pp. 9005-9008(2013) Company of Research on Energy. Price of renewable energy from sugarcane, , http://www.epe.gov.br/imprensa/PressReleases/20131213-1.pdf, EPE Sao Paulo, Brazil. Accessed 03.06.2014Guinée, J.B., Gorrée, M., Heijungs, R., Huppes, G., Kleijn, R., Koning, A., De Oers, L., Van Huijbregts, M.A.J., (2002) Handbook on life cycle assessment: Operational guide to the ISO standards, 9. , Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 692 pp, ISBN 1-4020-0228Humbird, D., Davis, R., Tao, L., Kinchin, C., Hsu, D., Aden, A., Schoen, P., Dudgeon, D., (2011) Process Design And Economics For Biochemical Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Ethanol -Dilute-Acid Pretreatment And Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Corn Stover, , www.nrel.gov/biomass/pdfs/47764.pdf, Technical Report NRELTP-5100-47764, Golden, Colorado, USA, NREL, 136 pp.Accessed 03.06.2014(2012) Indicative Chemical Prices: 1-Hexanol. <, , www.icis.com/chemicals/channel-info-chemicals-Az/, ICIS, Accessed 11.28.2013(2006) Environmental management -Life cycle assessment -Requirements and guidelines, The International Organization for Standardization, 46. , http://aliceweb.mdic.gov.br/, ISO 14044, Geneva, Switzerland, MDIC, 2013 Brazilian Ministry of Development Industry and Commerce Aliceweb FOB Prices for nbutanol Brasilia DF Brazil Accessed 03.06.2014Pereira, L.G., Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Pavanello, L.G., Chagas, M.F., Cavalett, O., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., (2013) Butanol production in a sugarcane biorefinery using ethanol as feedstock -Part II: Integration to a second generation sugarcane distillery, , Accepted for publication in the Journal of Chemical Engineering Research and Design -Special Issue: Green ProcessesRiittonen, T., Toukoniitty, E., Madnani, D.K., Leino, A.-R., Kordas, K., Szabo, M., Sapi, A., Mikkola, J.-P., One-pot liquid-phase catalytic conversion of ethanol to 1-butanol over aluminium oxide - The effect of the active metal on the selectivity (2012) J. Catal, (2), pp. 68-84Sannino, D., Vaiano, V., Ciambelli, P., Photocatalytic synthesis of acetaldehyde by selective oxidation of ethanol on ruox-vox/tio2 (2013) Chemical Engineering Transactions, (32), pp. 625-630. , DOI: 10.3303/CET2105Union of Biofuel Producers. Technical report on Sugarcane prices -2013, 2013. , http://www.udop.com.br/, UDOP, , Aracatuba, SP, Brazil. Accessed 03.06.2014(2013) Selected product categories: Butanol. Price of 2-ethyl-1-butanol. <, , http://www.hexiachem.com/, Wuxi Hexia Chemical Company, Accessed 11.28.201
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Butanol Production In A Sugarcane Biorefinery Using Ethanol As Feedstock. Part Ii: Integration To A Second Generation Sugarcane Distillery
No full textProduction of second generation ethanol and other added value chemicals from sugarcane bagasse and straw integrated to first generation sugarcane biorefineries presents large potential for industrial implementation, since part of the infrastructure where first generation ethanol is produced may be shared between both plants. In this context, butanol from renewable resources has attracted increasing interest, mostly for its use as a drop in liquid biofuel for transportation, since its energy density is greater than that of ethanol, but also for its use as feedstock in the chemical industry. In this paper, vapor-phase catalytic production of butanol from first and second generation ethanol in a sugarcane biorefinery was assessed, using data available from the literature. The objective is to evaluate the potential of butanol either as fuel or feedstock for industry, taking into account economical/environmental issues through computer simulation. The results obtained show that, although promising, butanol sold as chemical has a limited market and as fuel presents economic constraints. In addition, investments on the butanol conversion plant could be an obstacle to its practical implementation. Nevertheless, environmental assessment pointed out advantages of its use as fuel for road transportation, if compared with gasoline in terms of global environmental impacts such as global warming. © 2014 The Institution of Chemical Engineers.92814521462(2013) Cost-saving measure to upgrade ethanol to butanol - a better alternative to gasoline, , http://to.ly/l7QZ, Available online at: (accessed 04.19.13), ACSAlvarado-Morales, M., Terra, J., Gernaey, K.V., Woodley, J.M., Gani, R., Biorefining: computer aided tools for sustainable design and analysis of bioethanol production (2009) Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 87, pp. 1171-1183(2009) Brazilian Water Agency. 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Policy, 12, pp. 191-196Cavalett, O., Junqueira, T.L., Dias, M.O.S., Jesus, C.D.F., Mantelatto, P.E., Cunha, M.P., Franco, H.C.J., Bonomi, A., Environmental and economic assessment of sugarcane first generation biorefineries in Brazil (2012) Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, 14, pp. 399-410(2011) Center for Advanced Studies on Applied Economics, , http://www.cepea.esalq.usp.br, CEPEA, Available online at: (accessed 03.06.13)(2008) Center for Strategic Studies and Management in Science, Technology and Innovation. Sugarcane-based Bioethanol: Energy for sustainable development, , http://goo.gl/g6mMI8, CGEE, Available online at:(accessed 07.06.13)(2009) Center for Strategic Studies and Management in Science, Technology and Innovation. Bioetanol combustível: uma oportunidade para o Brasil, , CGEE, CGEE, BrasíliaChagas, M.F., Cavalett, O., Silva, C.R.U., Seabra, J.E.A., Bonomi, A., Adaptação de Inventários de Ciclo de Vida da cadeia produtiva do etanol de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil (2012) III Congresso Brasileiro em Gestão do Ciclo de Vida de Produtos e Serviços: Novos desafios para um planeta sustentável, 2012, Maringa. Anais do III Congresso Brasileiro em Gestão do Ciclo de Vida de Produtos e Serviços, pp. 1-5Čuček, L., Martin, M., Grossmann, I.E., Kravanja, Z., Energy, water and process technologies integration for the simultaneous production of ethanol and food from the entire corn plant (2011) Comput. Chem. Eng., 35, pp. 1547-1557Dias, M.O.S., Ensinas, A.V., Nebra, S.A., Maciel Filho, R., Rossell, C.E.V., Maciel, M.R.W., Production of bioethanol and other bio-based materials from sugarcane bagasse: integration to conventional bioethanol production process (2009) Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 87, pp. 1206-1216Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Cavalett, O., Cunha, M.P., Jesus, C.D.F., Rossell, C.E.V., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., Integrated versus stand-alone second generation ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse and trash (2012) Bioresour. Technol., 103, pp. 152-161Dias, M.O.S., Modesto, M., Ensinas, A.V., Nebra, S.A., Maciel Filho, R., Rossell, C.E.V., Improving bioethanol production from sugarcane: evaluation of distillation, thermal integration and cogeneration systems (2011) Energy, 36, pp. 3691-3703Dias, M.O.S., Pereira, L.G., Junqueira, T.L., Pavanello, L.G., Chagas, M.F., Cavalett, O., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., Butanol production in a sugarcane biorefinery using ethanol as feedstock. Part I. integration to a first generation sugarcane distillery (2013) Chem. Eng. Res. Des., , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2014.04.030Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Cavalett, O., Cunha, M.P., Jesus, C.D.F., Mantelatto, P.E., Rossell, C.E.V., Bonomi, A., Cogeneration in integrated first and second generation ethanol from sugarcane (2013) Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 91, pp. 1411-1417Dürre, P., Biobutanol: an attractive biofuel (2007) Biotechnol. J., 2, pp. 1525-1534Dutta, A., Phillips, S.D., (2009) Thermochemical ethanol via direct gasification and mixed alcohol synthesis of lignocellulosic biomass. Technical Report NREL/TP-510-45193Elia Neto, A., (2008) Water in the Sugarcane Industry (in Portuguese), , http://www.apta.sp.gov.br/cana/anexos/Position_paper_painel1_andre.pdf, Available online at: (accessed 06.14.13)Ensinas, A.V., Nebra, S.A., Lozano, M.A., Serra, L.M., Analysis of process steam demand reduction and electricity generation in sugar and ethanol production from sugarcane (2007) Energy Convers. 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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Biorefineries For The Production Of First And Second Generation Ethanol And Electricity From Sugarcane
No full textSugarcane trash and bagasse, lignocellulosic materials obtained during sugarcane harvesting and processing, may be used as fuels for electricity production and/or as feedstock for second generation ethanol. If electricity prices are favorable, more lignocellulosic material may be diverted for production of steam and electricity, and vice versa when ethanol prices are more attractive. Therefore, some flexibility to divert bagasse and trash for either second generation ethanol or electricity production might help to maximize revenues. An analysis of the integrated first and second generation ethanol production process from sugarcane is presented, evaluating its flexibility. 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