1,720,956 research outputs found
Naturephilosophical definitions of subject and nature: F. W. J. Schelling and I. H. Grant.
No full textThis article examines the notions of subject and nature as well as their relationship in F. W. J. Schelling’s naturephilosophy (Naturphilosophie), primarily based on the contemporary interpretation provided by I. H. Grant. It is explained that naturephilosophy, which treats the subject as produced by nature, and nature itself as absolute productivity, at the same time critically reacts against the inclination of I. Kant’s transcendental idealism to hypostasize the subject by separating it from nature. The article argues that naturephilosophy comes close to materialist logic, according to which, the subject, being the product of nature’s productivity, is one of the nature’s moments, and therefore its pretentions to once and for all define nature are doomed to fail. This indeterminacy is not the effect of epistemological lack, but the ontological condition of nature and its products
The problem of thought and nature in the contemporary interpretations of naturphilosophie: i. h. grant’s perspective.
No full textThe already problematic relationship between nature and thought in this work is explored based on the interpretation of F. W. J. Schelling's Naturphilosophie by the contemporary speculative philosopher I. H. Grant. Nature traditionally understood by philosophy and natural sciences is here requalified from the point of view that it is now neither assumed as the totality of empirically recognizable bodies nor the logical determination of thinking. Rather, nature is what accommodates and grounds both of these approaches. Paying special attention to I. Kant's transcendental idealism and its legacy, which in a philosophical context leads to the impossibility of thinking about nature, a critical approach to transcendental philosophy and its closedness of the mind is provided, along with proposition of naturephilosophical alternative. The naturephilosophical alternative is assumed as a kind of materialist approach, based on which, by integrating thinking into nature, the claim of thinking‘s definitions about nature is justified. Here, in contrast to transcendental philosophy, which divides the world into two parts, the isolated reason and the true reality of things-in-themselves, we are talking about one world in which thinking and nature remain in a reciprocal relationship, but without the possibility of exhaustively defining each other
Natūrfilosofinės subjekto ir gamtos apibrėžtys: F. W. J. Schellingas ir I. H. Grantas
Full text linkStraipsnyje tyrinėjama subjekto ir gamtos samprata bei jų santykis F. W. J. Schellingo natūrfilosofijoje (Naturphilosophie), daugiausia remiantis šiuolaikine I. H. Granto interpretacija. Aiškinama, kad natūrfilosofija, subjektą traktuojanti kaip gaminamą gamtos, o pačią gamtą kaip absoliutų produktyvumą, tuo pačiu metu kritiškai atsigręžia į I. Kanto transcendentalinio idealizmo polinkį hipostazuoti subjektą jį atskiriant nuo gamtos. Straipsnyje taip pat teigiama, kad natūrfilosofija priartėja prie materialistinės logikos, pagal kurią subjektas, kaip gamtos produktyvumo produktas, yra vienas iš gamtos momentų, todėl jo pretenzijos galutinai apibrėžti gamtą yra nevaisingos. Teigiama, kad šis negalutinumas yra ne epistemologinio trūkumo pasekmė, bet pačios gamtos ir jos produktų ontologinė padėtis.This article examines the notions of subject and nature as well as their relationship in F. W. J. Schelling’s naturephilosophy (Naturphilosophie), primarily based on the contemporary interpretation provided by I. H. Grant. It is explained that naturephilosophy, which treats the subject as produced by nature, and nature itself as absolute productivity, at the same time critically reacts against the inclination of I. Kant’s transcendental idealism to hypostasize the subject by separating it from nature. The article argues that naturephilosophy comes close to materialist logic, according to which, the subject, being the product of nature’s productivity, is one of the nature’s moments, and therefore its pretentions to once and for all define nature are doomed to fail. This indeterminacy is not the effect of epistemological lack, but the ontological condition of nature and its products
Mąstymas ir kalba Donaldo Davidsono ir Wilfrido Sellarso filosofijose: apie dviejų pasaulio vaizdinių galimybę ir pragmatiką
No full textŠiame tekste nagrinėjamas santykis tarp mąstymo ir kalbos sąmonės filosofijos horizonte. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama būtent komparatyvistinei kalbos bei sąmonės filosofų Donaldo Davidsono bei Wilfrido Sellarso teorijų apžvalgai, kurioje pateikiamos autorių kantiškojo transcendentalumo prielaidos, pristatomos konkrečios sąmonės filosofijos pozicijos, nustatomas deskriptyvumo ir normatyvumo konfliktas bei pasiūloma pragmatinė mąstymo apie sąmonės, o kartu ir žmogaus, problemą, prieiga. Pagrindiniu šios teorijų lyginimo ramsčiu tampa Davidsono bei Sellarso dviejų pasaulio vaizdinių arba žodynų – mokslinio ar fizikinio bei akivaizdžiojo ar mentalinio – apibrėžimas bei įvertinimas. Interpretacija sintezuojama abiem autoriams būdingu nusistatymu teorizuoti apie sąmonę ne tik įvedant principą apie dviejų mąstymo tipų apie pasaulį galimybę, bet ir tame aptinkamą racionalumą grindžiantį pragmatiškąjį gestą.This text examines the relationship between thinking and language from a philosophy of mind perspective. It focuses on a comparative review of the theories of Donald Davidson and Wilfrid Sellars, philosophers of language and mind, revealing some of the authors’ assumptions concerning Kantian transcendentalism, the presentation of specific theories of consciousness, the conflict between descriptivity and normativity, and a pragmatic approach to the problem of thinking about consciousness and the general human condition. The main pillar of this comparative study is the definition and evaluation of the two world-images or vocabularies of Davidson and Sellars: the scientific, or physical, and the manifest, or mental. The interpretation synthesizes the two authors’ approach to the theory of consciousness, not only by introducing the principle of the possibility of two types of thinking about the world, but also by the pragmatic gesture underlying the rationality found in it
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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