1,720,970 research outputs found
A Multi-Method Examination of Self-Regulation Processes in Preschool-aged Children
No full textKeywords: self-regulation, reward responsiveness, reward positivity, risk-taking, impulsivity, preschool-agedSelf-regulation is a multi-faceted developmental construct that relates to all aspects of a child’s functioning. However, specific self-regulation constructs and their associations within the preschool age period are not well established. Understanding self-regulation at the point of action involves assessing associations amongst reward, risk-taking, and impulsivity. The current study examined reward responsiveness as it relates to risk-taking and impulsivity in a sample of 44 preschool-aged (M = 4.27 years, SD = 0.75) children. Approximately half of the children experienced neonatal opioid exposure. We used a multi-method approach, which included a neural measure of reward responsiveness (i.e., RewP), behavioral measures of risk-taking and impulsivity, and parent-reported impulsivity. Results did not indicate statistically significant associations between risk-taking and impulsivity, potentially due in part to the relatively small sample size. For reward responsiveness, although we did not observe a statistically significant difference between RewP conditions, the RewP to loss component was significantly related to parent-report impulsivity.Thesis completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Honors Program in Psychological Science
Predicting reading comprehension via executive function, decoding, and oral language skills: A longitudinal study
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Reciprocal associations between parents' mind perception and children's language environments
No full textA critical aspect of relationships is whether we perceive others as autonomous individuals capable of initiating actions and making choices as well as having internal states, emotions, and sensations. This is especially true of the parent–child relationship, where parents are the primary social partner for infants and young children. Drawing from adult cognitive science, mind perception in parents is defined as parents’ beliefs and intuitive theories about children’s mental capacities (i.e., their cognitions, sensations, emotions, and social capacities; Gray et al., 2007; Weisman et al., 2017, 2025). Importantly, parents differ in how strongly they perceive and attribute these mental capacities to their children, with variability evident from infancy to preschool age (Garon-Bissonnette et al., 2025). Theoretically, parents’ mind perception may shape children’s early environments by influencing how parents interact with and behave around their child. In turn, parent–child interactions may also influence mind perception. However, no previous study has examined these bidirectional pathways. In this study, we address two questions concerning the longitudinal relation between parents’ mind perception and children’s early language environments.
First, do parents’ mind perception shape the extent to which they talk around or to their children in daily life? Across disciplines such as social cognition and attachment theory, researchers have emphasized that individuals draw on their perceptions and representations of others to guide their interpersonal behaviors (Fonagy et al., 2002; Bowlby, 1969). In this context, examining the prospective association between parents’ levels of mind perception and children’s early language environment could clarify how parents’ beliefs about their children’s mental capacities shape everyday interactions that support developmental outcomes.
Second, how do parents come to recognize and respond to their child's emerging mental capacities? One possibility is that child vocalizations serve as cues, prompting parents to attribute greater mental capacity as development unfolds. Prior work suggests that parents progressively come to recognize their child’s mental capacities (Garon-Bissonnette et al., 2025) in a manner that likely corresponds with actual cognitive and socioemotional growth; however, it remains unclear whether certain developmental milestones (e.g., language acquisition) serve as cues that lead parents to update their perceptions of their child’s mind. Importantly, the association between mind perception and child vocalizations may be time-sensitive, with “Goldilocks” windows when language growth is particularly pronounced. For instance, between 11 and 16 months of age, children transition from producing primarily babbles—with 73% to 92% of vocalizations consisting of babbles at age 11 months—to using words in up to half of their vocalizations—with words comprising 24% to 51% of vocalizations by 16 months (Vihman et al., 1996). Before the first year, vocalizations may not yet be perceived as signaling mental capacities such as intentionality and agency (Sokol et al., 2015). By contrast, once language is more advanced (e.g., 36 months), vocalizations may no longer be the most salient indicators of emerging mental capacitiespotentially supplanted by cues such as reasoning (Sobel & Kirkham, 2006) or symbolic play (Beeghly, 1998).
The process of adapting to children’s abilities may also influence parentchild interactions—particularly parent-initiated talk and communicative exchanges—in ways that further inform parents’ perceptions of their child’s mental capacities. When parents perceive their child as more cognitively capable and socially engaged, they may be more likely to initiate conversations both around and directly with their child. Examining the longitudinal, bidirectional relation between mind perception and variation in children’s language environments could offer valuable insights into how parents’ cognitions about their child and their communication with the child co-develop. By also investigating how this dynamic process relates to children’s cognitive development, we may inform interventions aimed at improving developmental outcomes through the parent–child relationship.
To address these questions, we leverage naturalistic assessments of language interaction patterns in children’s home environments obtained through the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system (Gilkerson & Richards, 2008). Specifically, we used LENA wearable devices to obtain daylong recordings of children’s home language environments across early development—at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 36 months of age. From these recordings, we will use the LENA software to quantify three key metrics: the amount of adult talk (adult word count), the back-and-forth vocal exchanges between adult and child (conversational turns), and the child’s own vocal output (child vocalizations). By integrating repeated assessments of mind perception with these longitudinal LENA metrics, we aim to investigate how parents’ perceptions of their child’s mental capacities shape, and are shaped by, emerging interactions and behaviors
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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