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Causas de aborto, natimortalidade e morte perinatal em equinos diagnosticadas no setor de patologia veterinária da UFRGS de 2000 a 2015
Full text linkAborto, natimortalidade e mortalidade perinatal são importantes causas de perdas econômicas na criação de equinos. Dessa forma, estudos sobre as causas dessas ocorrências e os principais agentes envolvidos são necessários para que medidas profiláticas eficientes sejam implantadas e que as perdas sejam reduzidas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as causas das perdas reprodutivas em equinos e resultou em dois artigos. O primeiro artigo descreve as principais causas de aborto, natimortalidade e mortalidade perinatal em equinos diagnosticadas no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul no período 2000-2015. Neste período um total de 107 casos foram analisados e desses, 77 correspondiam a fetos abortados, 16 eram natimortos e 14 correspondiam à morte perinatal. A causa dessas perdas foi estabelecida em 50,46%, com a seguinte distribuição: causas infecciosas corresponderam a 29,9%, enquanto as causas não infecciosas a 12,1% e miscelâneas a 8,41%. A maior prevalência das causas infecciosas foi a de origem bacteriana, em especial relacionadas a Streptococcus spp. As causas não infecciosas mais encontradas foram torção do cordão umbilical e insuficiências placentárias. Dentre as miscelâneas, as malformações congênitas foram as mais diagnosticadas. No segundo artigo descreve-se a ocorrência de dois casos de aborto equino associados a placentites por Pasteurella pneumotropica, caracterizando os achados macroscópicos, histopatológicos e bacteriológicos. Esta é a primeira descrição de placentite devido à infecção por Pasteurella pneumotropica em equinos.Abortion, stillbirth and perinatal mortality are major causes of economic losses in the creation of horses. Thus, studies on the causes of these events and the main actors involved are necessary for effective prophylactic measures are implemented and that the losses are reduced. This study aimed to investigate the causes reproductive losses in horses and resulted in two papers. The first paper describes the main causes of abortion, stillbirth and perinatal mortality in horses diagnosed in the Setor de Patologia Veterinaria of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul in the period 2000-2015. During this period 107 cases analyzed by macroscopic examination, microscopic and additional test of these, 77 corresponded aborted fetuses, 16 were stillborn and 14 corresponded to perinatal death. The cause of these losses was set at 50.46%, with the following distribution: infectious causes accounted for 29.9%, while non-infectious causes 12.1% and miscellany to 8.41%. The higher prevalence of infectious causes was of bacterial origin, in particular related to Streptococcus spp. Non-infectious causes more were found torsion of the umbilical cord and placental insufficiencies. Among the miscellany, congenital malformation were diagnosed. In the second paper describes the occurrence of two equine abortion associated with placentitis by Pasteurella pneumotropica, featuring macroscopic, histopathological and bacteriological findings. This is the first description of placentitis due to Pasteurella pneumotropica infection in horses
Avaliação histopatológica e molecular de pericardites em suínos abatidos no Rio Grande do Sul
Full text linkAborto em bovinos principais causas infecciosas
Full text linkO aborto causa maior impacto entre as varias enfermidades reprodutivas que acometem os bovinos. Os prejuízos causados pelas doenças da reprodução são: alteração nos índices de natalidade, taxa de prenhez, retorno ao cio, natimortos, e a morte do feto. Aborto refere-se à expulsão de um feto vivo ou morto do útero entre 42 dias até aproximadamente 280 dias de gestação, quando este é incapaz de exercer uma vida independente em um ambiente extra-uterino. Somente 30% a 40% dos fetos bovinos abortados apresentam diagnóstico etiológico definitivo em virtude das múltiplas causas envolvidas. Pode-se dividir abortos de causa infecciosa em quatro grandes grupos: abortos causado por protozoários, bactérias, vírus e fungos. Dentro de cada grupo existe os agentes que apresentam maior prevalência nos casos de abortos bovinos como, Neospora caninum, Brucela abortus, Leptospira spp. Campylobacter spp., BVDV e IBR/IPV, Aspergillus sp. Estudos indicam que Neospora caninum é uma das principais causas de aborto em rebanhos bovinos no mundo. A obtenção do sucesso no diagnóstico de aborto depende de alguns fatores. O envio de fetos abortados, juntamente com a placenta, a realização de necropsia, incluindo coleta adequada de materiais e a execução de exames histopatológicos, microbiológicos, imunohistoquímicos, sorológicos e micológicos compõem o conjunto de métodos necessários para a obtenção do diagnóstico de causas de aborto.Abortion greater impact among the various reproductive diseases that affect cattle. The damage caused by reproductive diseases are: changes in birth rates, pregnancy rate, return to oestrus, stillbirths, and fetal death. Abortion refers to the expulsion of a fetus from the womb alive or dead from 42 days to about 280 days of gestation, when it is unable to exert an independent life in an extrauterine environment. Only 30% to 40% of aborted fetuses have etiologic diagnosis because of the multiple causes involved. One can divide infectious cause of abortion in four major groups: Abortions caused by protozoa, bacteria, viruses and fungi. Within each group there are agents that have a higher prevalence of abortions in cases like cattle, Neospora caninum, Brucella abortus, Leptospira spp. Campylobacter spp. BVDV and IBR / IPV, Aspergillus sp. Studies indicate that Neospora caninum is a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. Achieving success in the diagnosis of abortion depends on several factors. The sending of aborted fetuses, along with the placenta, conducting autopsies, including proper collection of materials and execution of histopathologic, microbiologic, immunohistochemical, serological and mycological comprise the set of methods necessary to obtain the diagnosis of causes of abortion
PREVALÊNCIA DE ANTICORPOS CONTRA O MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM SUBSP. PARATUBERCULOSIS (MAP) NO REBANHO LEITEIRO DO RS
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Salmonelose em equinos no Rio Grande do Sul.
Full text linkSalmonelose é uma importante enfermidade entérica em equinos de todas as idades, e em potros também nos casos de septicemia. Esse trabalho descreve a epidemiologia, sinais clínicos, achados patológicos e os sorovares associados em 10 casos de equinos necropsiados, quatro potros e seis adultos, com diagnóstico de salmonelose no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) entre 2003 e 2012. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram diarreia, anorexia e hipertermia. As lesões observadas localizavam-se principalmente no cólon maior e ceco e eram caracterizadas por conteúdo líquido em grande quantidade, hemorragias, com mucosas edemaciadas e ulceradas, por vezes recobertas por material friável amarelado e aderido. Em três casos tais lesões foram visualizadas também no intestino delgado. Os achados microscópicos caracterizavam-se por infiltrado predominante neutrofílico, associado com necrose de mucosa, por vezes com deposição de fibrina formando uma pseudomembrana, necrose dos centros linfoides e alterações vasculares como edema e trombose. Os tecidos foram marcados nos dez casos pela técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) utilizando anticorpo policlonal anti-salmonella na diluição de 1:1000. Dos sete isolados cinco foram sorotipificados e os sorovares Typhimurium, Anatum, estiveram associados em dois casos cada enquanto Muenster esteve em um. O diagnóstico foi baseado no isolamento bacteriano e/ou teste de (IHQ) associado às lesões. O método de IHQ auxiliou na identificação do antígeno bacteriano e foi importante como diagnóstico complementar de salmonelose.Salmonellosis is an important enteric disease in horses of all ages, and in foals is also important in cases of septicemia. This paper describes the main pathological, epidemiologic and clinical findings, and associated serovars in 10 cases of horses necropsied; four foals and six adults diagnosed with salmonellosis by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária, from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) between 2003 and 2012. The main clinical signs observed were diarrhea, anorexia and hyperthermia. These lesions were mainly located in the colon and cecum and were characterized by a large content of liquid, hemorrhagic areas, with swollen and ulcerated mucosa, sometimes covered with yellowish friable material adhered. In three cases, these lesions were also observed in the small intestine. The microscopic findings were characterized predominantly by neutrophils infiltration, associated with mucosal necrosis, sometimes with fibrin deposition forming a pseudomembrane, and lymphoid follicle necrosis centers, oedema and vascular thrombosis. The diagnosis was based on bacteriological isolation, of seven cases, and / or immunohistochemical test positive, of ten cases, associated with lesions. The tissues were labelled by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using polyclonal antibody at a dilution of 1:1000. Five out of seven bacteriological isolation were serotyped and the serovars Typhimurium and Anatum, were associated in two cases each, and Muenster in one case. The IHC method helped in the identification of bacterial antigen and was important as complementary diagnosis of salmonellosis
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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