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Ruokahävikki ja biojäte ravintoloissa – Työntekijöiden toiminnan esteitä ja kannustimia käyttäytymistieteen valossa
Get PDFOpinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli lisätä ymmärrystä ravintola-alan työntekijöiden käyttäytymisestä ruokahävikin vähentämiseen ja biojätteen oikeaoppiseen lajitteluun liittyen sekä tunnistaa käyttäytymiseen vaikuttavia keskeisiä esteitä ja kannusteita. Toimeksiantajana oli valtioneuvoston kanslian Käyttäytymistieteellinen ennakointi ja tieto tulevaisuuden hallinnossa -tiimi (Kettu). Kehittämistyö ja siihen sisältyvä haastattelututkimus toteutettiin itsenäisenä osana ympäristöministeriön rahoittamaa ja valtioneuvoston kanslian koordinoimaa KettuBIO-tutkimushanketta. Tavoitteena oli etsiä uusia keinoja ruokahävikin vähentämisen ja biojätteen lajittelun haasteisiin ja niihin vaikuttamisen keinoihin ravintola-alalla käyttäytymistieteellistä lähestymistapaa hyödyntäen.
Kehittämistyötä varten toteutettiin haastattelututkimus laadullisilla menetelmillä. Sitä varten haastateltiin Suomessa työskentelevää ravintola-alan henkilökuntaa. Tutkimus keskittyi eri tasoilla toimivien työntekijöiden näkemyksiin aina ylemmästä johdosta suorittavalle tasolle. Laadullinen aineisto analysoitiin sisällönanalyysin menetelmin. Työntekijöiden kyvykkyyksien, mahdollisuuksien ja motivaation ymmärtämisen tukena hyödynnettiin COM-B-mallia.
Haastattelututkimuksen lopputuloksena tunnistettiin kuusi hävikin vähentämisen ja biojätteen lajittelun esteitä yhdistävää luokkaa: kiireen vaikutus toimintaan, henkilökohtaiset ja inhimilliset esteet, johdon toimintaan liittyvät esteet, osaamiseen ja tietoon liittyvät puutteet, työyhteisön toimintaan ja prosesseihin liittyvät haasteet sekä puutteet työympäristössä. Kannusteisiin liittyen tunnistettiin viisi luokkaa: oikean toiminnan helpottaminen, tiedon ja ymmärryksen lisääminen, henkilökohtaiset haitat ja hyödyt, palaute kannustimena sekä sosiaaliset elementit kannustimissa.
Haastattelututkimuksen tulosten pohjalta esitetään suosituksia sekä esihenkilötehtävissä toimiville että suorittavaa työtä tekeville ravintola-alan ammattilaisille. Opinnäytetyön havaintoja voidaan tulevaisuudessa hyödyntää monin eri tavoin niin ravintola-alan toimijoiden arjessa ja ammattilaisten koulutuksessa kuin valtionhallinnossa kiertotalouteen liittyvien lakien valmistelussa.Food Waste and Organic Waste in Restaurants – Barriers and Incentives for Employee Behavior from a Behavioural Science Perspective The objective of the thesis was to enhance understanding of the behaviour of restaurant workers in reducing food waste and the sorting of organic waste, and to identify key barriers and incentives that influence behaviour. The thesis was commissioned by the Finnish Behavioural Policy Team (FINBEPOL) at the Prime Minister’s Office. The thesis and the interview study included in it were carried out as an independent part of the KettuBIO project funded by the Ministry of the Environment and coordinated by the Prime Minister’s Office. The aim was to find new ways to address the challenges of food waste management and organic waste sorting and ways to influence them in the restaurant industry using a behavioural science approach.
The study for the thesis was conducted using qualitative methods, and restaurant staff working in Finland were interviewed. The research focused on the views of employees at different levels, from operative staff to executive level. Content analysis was then used to analyse the interview data. The COM-B model was used as a tool to understand the capability, opportunities, and motivation of restaurant employees.
Six categories of barriers to food waste prevention and proper sorting of organic waste were identified: the impact of time pressure on behaviour, human factors, management-related barriers, insufficient knowledge and skills, challenges in workplace processes and collaboration, and obstacles in the work environment. In addition, five categories of incentives were identified: facilitating correct actions, increasing knowledge and understanding, personal costs and benefits, feedback as an incentive, and social elements in incentives.
Based on the findings, targeted recommendations were created for both supervisors and restaurant staff in operational roles. The findings can be utilised in various ways in the future, such as in the daily practices of restaurant operators, in professional training, and in governmental policymaking related to circular economy legislation. Note: Artificial intelligence (ChatGPT) was used to translate parts of the original Finnish version of the abstract into English
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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