3,137 research outputs found
Watson-Russell Children - 02
No full textPhotograph - Five of the six children of Thomas Watson and Cassie Russell, Athabasca, Alberta. Left to right: William S. Watson, T. Russell Watson, Cecilia B. Watson, H. Bertram Watson, and Helen E. Watso
Watson-Russell Children
No full textPhotograph - Five of the six children of Thomas Watson and Cassie Russell, Athabasca, Alberta. Left to right: William S. Watson, T. Russell Watson, Cecilia B. Watson, Helen E. Watson, and H. Bertram Watso
Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors and Risk of Future Nursing Home Admission
No full textWhile risks of disease, hospitalization, and death attributable to lifestyle-related factors such as smoking, inactivity, and obesity have been well studied, their associations with nursing home admission are less well known. These risk factors are usually established by middle age, but nothing is known about how they relate to long-term risk of nursing home admission in this age group.
Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to analyze risk of nursing home admission over 2 decades of follow-up (1971-1975 to 1992) in a nationally representative, longitudinal survey of community-dwelling adults aged 45 to 74 years at baseline. Middle-aged (45-64 years at baseline) and elderly persons (aged 65-74 years at baseline) were analyzed separately: 230 (6.5%) of 3526 middle-aged respondents and 728 (24.7%) of 2936 elderly ones had 1 or more nursing home admissions. Baseline risk factors included smoking, inactivity, obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated total cholesterol level, and diabetes mellitus, which were defined according to national guidelines. All lifestyle-related factors, except total cholesterol level, were associated with higher risk of nursing home admission during follow-up in one or both age groups. Risk ratios were higher in middle-aged than in elderly persons. In those aged 45 to 64 years at baseline, diabetes more than tripled the risk of nursing home admission (relative risk, 3.25; 95% confidence interval, 2.04-5.19); smoking, inactivity, and elevated systolic blood pressure had relative risks of 1.56, 1.40, and 1.35, respectively. Obesity was a risk factor for those aged 65 to 74 years at baseline, but not for the middle-aged subjects. Persons with 2 lifestyle-related factors were at greatly increased risk, especially if 1 was diabetes. Lifestyle factors are important contributors to the long-term risk of nursing home admission. Modifying lifestyle, especially in middle age, may reduce the risk of admission.Peer reviewe
Reasons for Unmet Need for Child and Family Health Services among Children with Special Health Care Needs with and without Medical Homes
No full textMedical homes, an important component of U.S. health reform, were first developed to help families of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) find and coordinate services, and reduce their children's unmet need for health services. We hypothesize that CSHCN lacking medical homes are more likely than those with medical homes to report health system delivery or coverage problems as the specific reasons for unmet need.
Data are from the 2005-2006 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN), a national, population-based survey of 40,723 CSHCN. We studied whether lacking a medical home was associated with 9 specific reasons for unmet need for 11 types of medical services, controlling for health insurance, child's health, and sociodemographic characteristics.
Weighted to the national population, 17% of CSHCN reported at least one unmet health service need in the previous year. CSHCN without medical homes were 2 to 3 times as likely to report unmet need for child or family health services, and more likely to report no referral (OR= 3.3), dissatisfaction with provider (OR=2.5), service not available in area (OR= 2.1), can't find provider who accepts insurance (OR=1.8), and health plan problems (OR=1.4) as reasons for unmet need (all p<0.05).
CSHCN without medical homes were more likely than those with medical homes to report health system delivery or coverage reasons for unmet child health service needs. Attributable risk estimates suggest that if the 50% of CSHCN who lacked medical homes had one, overall unmet need for child health services could be reduced by as much as 35% and unmet need for family health services by 40%.Peer reviewed
How Much Time Do Families Spend on the Health Care of Children with Diabetes?
No full textIntroduction:
Family time caring for children with diabetes is an overlooked component of the overall burden of the condition. We document and analyze risk factors for time family members spend providing health care at home and arranging/coordinating health care for children with diabetes.
Methods:
Data for 755 diabetic children and 16,161 non-diabetic children whose chronic conditions required only prescription (Rx) medication were from the 2009-2010 United States National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN). We used generalized ordered logistic regressions to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of time burden by diabetes, insulin use, and stability of the child's health care needs, controlling for health and socioeconomic status.
Results:
Nearly one-quarter of diabetic children had family members who spent 11+ h/week providing health care at home, and 8% spent 11+ h/week arranging/coordinating care, compared with 3.3% and 1.9%, respectively, of non-diabetic Rx-only children. Time providing care at home for insulin-using children was concentrated in the higher time categories: AORs for insulin-using diabetic compared to non-diabetic Rx-only children were 4.4 for 1+ h/week compared with <1 h/week, 9.7 for 6+ vs. <6 h, and 12.4 for 11+ vs. <11 h (all P < 0.05); the pattern was less pronounced for non-insulin-using children. AORs for arranging/coordinating care did not vary by time contrast: AOR = 4.2 for insulin-using, 3.0 for non-insulin-using children.
Conclusion:
Health care providers, school personnel, and policymakers need to work with family members to improve care coordination and identify other ways to reduce family time burdens caring for children with diabetes.Peer reviewe
Leveraging biochemical reactions to unravel functional impacts of cancer somatic variants affecting protein interaction interfaces
No full textIntroduction
Considering protein mutations in their biological context is essential for understanding their functional impact, interpretation of high-dimensional datasets and development of effective targeted therapies in personalized medicine.
Methods
We combined the curated knowledge of biochemical reactions from Reactome with the analysis of interaction-mediating 3D interfaces from Mechismo. In addition, we provided a software tool for users to explore and browse the analysis results in a multi-scale perspective starting from pathways and reactions to protein-protein interactions and protein 3D structures.
Results
We analyzed somatic mutations from TCGA, revealing several significantly impacted reactions and pathways in specific cancer types. We found examples of genes not yet listed as oncodrivers, whose rare mutations were predicted to affect cancer processes similarly to known oncodrivers. Some identified processes lack any known oncodrivers, which suggests potentially new cancer-related processes (e.g. complement cascade reactions). Furthermore, we found that mutations perturbing certain processes are significantly associated with distinct phenotypes (i.e. survival time) in specific cancer types (e.g. PIK3CA centered pathways in LGG and UCEC cancer types), suggesting the translational potential of our approach for patient stratification. Our analysis also uncovered several druggable processes (e.g. GPCR signalling pathways) containing enriched reactions, providing support for new off-label therapeutic options.
Conclusions
In summary, we have established a multi-scale approach to study genetic variants based on protein-protein interaction 3D structures. Our approach is different from previously published studies in its focus on biochemical reactions and can be applied to other data types (e.g. post-translational modifications) collected for many types of disease.This is a revision to https://zenodo.org/record/5598224#.Y3_PX-zMK3C and used for Supplemental Data to the revision of https://f1000research.com/articles/10-1111
The politics of Russell
No full textThe interpretation proposed in this article lends coherence to B. Russell's many political changes.
These are due to a convergence of factors: the separation of philosophy and ethics, the limits of
B. Russell's pacifism and the relationships he established with his public on political issues. The author shows the systematic and subtle connections between these factors, expliciting them with
reference to B. Russell's commitments and the actions he undertook.L'article propose une interprétation qui donne sa cohérence aux nombreux changements
politiques de Russell. Ceux-ci sont dus à la convergence de plusieurs facteurs : la séparation de la
philosophie et de l'éthique, les limites du pacifisme de Russell, et les relations de celui-ci avec
son public sur les questions politiques. L'auteur montre les rapports systématiques et subtils
entre ces facteurs, et les explicite par l'exposé des engagements et des actions effectives de
Russell
Bertrand Russell and the Edwardian Philosophers: Constructing the World
No full textThis book demonstrates the influence of an Edwardian 'controversy' on Russell's philosophy of the external world. It brings to our attention a debate that raged amongst Edwardian philosophers on issues of central significance to analytic philosophy before Bertrand Russell entered the discussion. In explaining this Edwardian 'controversy', Nasim Omar combines meticulous scholarly detail with accessibility to argue that the formation of the original strands of 'realism' in British philosophy, usually credited to Russell and Moore, can in fact be linked with a group of Edwardian philosophers that included G.F.Stout and Sir T.P. Nunn. The author re-examines the history of well known notions like 'sense-data' and 'sensibilia', and makes a case for understanding Russell's appeal for the application of 'logical constructions', at first only used as a device in mathematical logic, to the problem of the external world. This switch in the application of logical construction is seen as the rise of a new philosophical method. This book will not only shed light on the relevant doctrines of some of the Edwardian philosophers, but will also demonstrate the considerable role they played in the history of early analytic philosophy
Political visions : George Russell, 1913-1930
No full textTHESIS 6067George Russell, poet and author, was a contemporary of W. B. Yeats and a figure
central to the Irish Literary Revival. My thesis concentrates on his editorship of two
journals, the Irish Homestead and the Irish Statesman, in the turbulent period between
1913 and 1930. I argue that Russell?s journalism enjoyed a cultural agency previously
under-acknowledged by critics. Russell is now perceived to have been an eccentric, with
mystical interests subsidiary to the main course of Irish nationalism. I contend rather that Russell was the central theorist of an Irish cultural doctrine subsequently obscured by post-Civil War political change. Russell\u27s periodical contributions were expressions of his commitment to an esoteric principle of Irish statehood, anathema to an increasingly orthodox Free State
One-pot syntheses of pseudopteroxazoles from pseudopterosins : a rapid route to non-natural congeners with improved antimicrobial activity
No full textRapid one-pot methodologies to prepare pseudopteroxazole (1) and novel congeners from abundant natural pseudopterosins have been devised. This is highlighted here with the first synthesis of the marine natural product homopseudopteroxazole (2) utilizing a novel, silver(I)-mediated catechol to benzoxazole transformation. Pseudopteroxazoles and isopseudopteroxazoles exhibit potent activity against a range of important Gram-positive pathogens including Mycobacterium spp. and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Several non-natural pseudopteroxazoles exhibited strong activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, thereby displaying a broader spectrum of antibiotic activity compared to pseudopteroxazole
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