785,152 research outputs found
Preparation of Conductive Carbon Silica Nanofiber Membrane for Fouling Inhibition in Microalgae Filtration
No full textFinancial Integration in Emerging Asia: Challenges and Prospects
No full textUsing both quantity- and price-based measures of financial integration, this paper shows an increasing degree of financial openness and integration in emerging Asian markets. This paper also assesses the impact of a regional shock relative to a global shock on local equity and bond markets. The findings of this paper suggest that the region’s equity markets are integrated more globally than regionally, although the degrees of both regional and global integration have increased significantly since the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis. However, emerging Asia’s local currency bond markets remain generally segmented, being neither regionally nor globally integrated. A case can be made for the benefits of increased regional integration of financial markets. Financial integration at the regional level allows for the region’s economies to benefit from allocation efficiency and risk diversification. The findings of this paper suggest that policymakers in the region must strike the right balance between maximizing the net benefits from regional and global financial openness, and minimizing the potential costs of financial contagion and crisis.emerging Asia; financial integration; cross-border financial flows; crossborder asset holdings; convergence of asset returns
Design of Reliability Acceptance Sampling Plans Based on Accelerated Degradation Tests
No full textReliability acceptance sampling plans (RASPs) are used to determine the acceptability of a collection of units (e.g., a lot) with respect to lifetime. Most of the previous works on RASPs assume that life tests are conducted at the use or accelerated conditions. For high-reliability units, however, adopting life tests may easily turn out to be impractical in terms of the sample size and the amount of test time required, even if accelerated life tests are adopted. In such cases, it may be advisable to adopt accelerated degradation tests (ADTs) in which performance characteristics degraded over time, instead of failure times, are observed under accelerated stress conditions. In this article, RASPs are developed assuming that degradation tests are conducted at the use and two accelerated stress conditions. Optimal test conditions (stress levels and test durations) and the proportion of test units allocated to each condition are determined such that the asymptotic variance of the test statistic is minimized. Then, the sample size and the lot acceptability constant are determined such that the producer and the consumer risks are satisfied. Procedures for designing an RASP and sensitivity analyses are also illustrated with an example
Economic Growth and Human Development in the Republic of Korea
No full texthuman development, poverty, empowerment
Modeling of forward osmosis for microalgae harvesting
No full textIn this study, a transport-based model capable of predicting water flux in microalgae harvesting in forward osmosis (FO) system was developed. Based on Carman-Kozeny resistance model, steady state hydraulic resistance of cake layer comprised of microalgae cells was calculated; by means of control volume approach growth rate of the cake layer was also quantitatively obtained at transient state. Cake-enhanced concentration polarization (CECP), which arises from cells, along with dissolved compounds, deposited on membrane surface and acts to degrade FO performance, was estimated in real time. Model parameters related to a feed solution of microalgae cells were evaluated on the basis of empirical and theoretical data. It was found that deposition rate constant of microalgal cells was at least two orders of magnitude higher than diffusion rate constant under the experimental condition. Among microalgae related parameters, the porosity and thickness of cake layer were found to be the most influential on the water flux according to sensitivity analysis; and therefore they were calibrated by a statistical technique to improve model accuracy. Based on the estimated parameters, the developed model was validated through batch FO operations, and it was in good alignment with quasi-steady state data. There have been quite a few FO modeling studies thus far; and yet to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one that elucidates actual fouling phenomenon with an actual feed solution, which may offer both theoretical and practical understandings needed for the development of FO-based microalgae harvesting process.
A new species of Fogedia (Bacillariophyceae) from tidal flats of Northeast Asia
No full textKim, Hyesuk, Khim, Jong Seong, Witkowski, Andrzej, Park, Jinsoon (2022): A new species of Fogedia (Bacillariophyceae) from tidal flats of Northeast Asia. Phytotaxa 554 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.
Inertial microfluidics-based cell sorting
No full textInertial microfluidics has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its superior benefits of high throughput, precise control, simplicity, and low cost. Many inertial microfluidic applications have been demonstrated for physiological sample processing, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring and cleanup. In this review, we discuss the fundamental mechanisms and principles of inertial migration and Dean flow, which are the basis of inertial microfluidics, and provide basic scaling laws for designing the inertial microfluidic devices. This will allow end-users with diverse backgrounds to more easily take advantage of the inertial microfluidic technologies in a wide range of applications. A variety of recent applications are also classified according to the structure of the microchannel: straight channels and curved channels. Finally, several future perspectives of employing fluid inertia in microfluidic-based cell sorting are discussed. Inertial microfluidics is still expected to be promising in the near future with more novel designs using various shapes of cross section, sheath flows with different viscosities, or technologies that target micron and submicron bioparticles.
Developing Indicators for Regional Economic Integration and Cooperation
No full textWe develop indicators to measure the degree of economic integration and cooperation among East Asian economies and compare these with similar measures for other regions. Our indicators cover regional integration in trade, investment, financial assets, and people-to-people exchange. We also analyze measures of regional cooperation such as the density of free trade agreements and official policy dialogues. We find that in various Asian groupings, and especially in a group of 16 integrating Asian economies, interdependence in trade, direct investment, financial flows, and other forms of economic and social exchange has increased significantly over time, and now approaches that in the European Union. Nonetheless, Asia’s official cooperation remains weak and formal regional institutions remain relatively underdeveloped. To provide insight into the causes of this discrepancy, we also develop quantitative measures of political and cultural similarity of nations, and find that Asian countries have relatively low levels of political and cultural proximity compared to regions such as Europe. The diversity of political interests and cultural values may have hindered more intense cooperation among Asian economies in the past. But if regional economic and social interactions continue to grow, requirements for joint decision-making are also likely to expand, leading to stronger frameworks of official cooperation.Regional integration; economic cooperation; East Asia
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and Vicinity : with geothermal wells
No full textScale 1:100,000 ; universal transverse Mercator projection. (W 155⁰45ʹ00ʺ--W 154⁰47ʹ30ʺ/N 19⁰45ʹ00ʺ--N 19⁰07ʹ30ʺ).1 map : color ; 69 x 100 cm., folded to 26 x 11 cm.Relief shown by contours and spot heights."Compiled from USGS 1:24,000-scale topographic maps dated 1980-1983 ... map edited 1986."Vicinity map, Hawaii (Hawaii Co.). Scale 1:800,000.Kilauea Crater--Chain of Craters area shaded relief map, Scale 1:24,000, text "Geologic landscapes of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, by Robert and Barbara Decker," glossary of Hawaiian place names, rainfall map of the Island of Hawaii, 1825 map of the Kilauea Caldera, 2 diagrams, USGS quad index map, and col. ill.Contents: Geologic landscapes of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park / by Robert and Barbara Decker -- Glossary of Hawaiian place names in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park / compiled by Interpretive Division Staff, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park -- Topographic map symbols -- Conversion table -- Declination diagram -- Index to 1:24,000 scale quadrangle maps
A New Multi-Dimensional Framework for Analyzing Regional Integration: Regional Integration Evaluation (RIE) Methodology
No full textTheories of regional integration typically analyze the regional integration process from the perspective of a single discipline, usually economics. However, such one-dimensional analytical frameworks cannot fully capture the richness and complexity of the inherently multi-dimensional regional integration process. To address the problem, we propose the regional integration evaluation (RIE) methodology which is based on four dimensions of development – economic, political, social and technological. The central idea behind the RIE methodology is that regional development promotes regional integration. Our RIE methodology differs from the existing literature in that it is based on a more comprehensive definition of development than just economic development. Our definition of a region's development incorporates the development levels of all regional countries as well as differences in development levels among regional countries. We apply the RIE methodology to assess the regional development and hence integration prospects of NAFTA, ASEAN, MERCOSUR and EU.Economic integration; economic modeling; NAFTA; ASEAN; MERCOSUR; EU
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